Rectified'eto waiʻona. 'eto waiʻona - hoʻohana. 'eto waiʻona

Ua mea i ike ole ia e like me ka papa kuhikuhi maka mea no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o nā mea inu ua rectified'eto ka waiʻona. Ua nemaloznachimy huahana i loko o kēia wahi. No ka hou au mamuli lalo.

Description o ka mea

'eto waiʻona rectified mea he colorless aniani moakaka wai, aʻaʻohe ala a me ka aftertaste. Na kekahi kaumaha o ka huina hoonui i 20 ° C like i 0,78927 g. / Cm3. Ethanol, a'eto ka waiʻona, i mua synthesized i ka MH 1855, mai'etolina. Kēia mea mea he flammable wai. I ka mea, ua hanaʻia e'ā ana o ka wai a me ka o carbon dioxide. waiʻona ma ka ohu i nā palapala i ke ola. ʻO kā mākou allowable lehulehu i loko o ka lewa ua manaoia e e 1 mg / ho'āo ai. Kona ke kūpaleʻana ka mahana o -117 ° C a me ka baila aʻela i wahi: +78,2 ° C.

Ethanol - he haʻilula

He nui ka ike. Ke mau Nine Inch haʻilula o ethanol: C ₂ H ₅ OH. Ua expresses ka haku mele 'ana o ka huina hoonui a me ka ua, ua hoʻokumu hou i ka 1807. Akā, ma hope wale nō ka mea, pomaikai ae la lakou i ka synthesizing'eto ka waiʻona mall haʻilula i loko. Ua Ua palapala ia penei: Ch ₃ Ch ₂ OH.

Ethanol mea i paʻa kūhohonu loa waiʻona, a, no ka mea, he hoʻokahi wale nō OH pae, pili i ka monatomic waeʻano no. Ke alo aku o ka hydroxyl hui e hoʻoholo i ka Nine Inch waiwai o ka waiwai, e like me ka pono me ka naoh huahana o ka nawaliwali.

I ka waiho i loko o unsealed ipu'eto ka waiʻona evaporates a me ona mau ke kemu, mai ka lewa. O ke kumu ho i ka mea e ethanol pili ia i ka hygroscopic waiwai. Aie i ka mea i olelo mai huahana loaʻa he 'ole i like i ka wai, e hiki ke hui me ia i loko o kekahi huliāmahi.

'eto waiʻona rectified, kūpono ma ka hanalima 'ia, ka mea i he ikiʻakika naoh. He He loea mea. Ua loaʻa he uuku dala ke aloha nāʻakika. Naoh o ka chemically maemae'eto ka waiʻona'ākilikai. Ua hoʻomanaʻoʻia ai ia.

Koi e pili ana i ka mea e like ai o ka hua liilii

I ka papa kuhikuhiE aaʻalo ma Manufacturers o kanakaʻona mau nā mea inu, mea he? Iecaianoaaiiie o'eto ka waiʻona mai o ka lani kiekie loa e like ai. State hae a me nā palapala hoʻokonukonu i keia koi kiʻekiʻe, a he aha ka mea i ka physico-Nine Inch a me organoleptic kiko'î. Ethanol ua loaa mai kela kūlohelohe mea.

Hana o ka la hope paha, mai mahiʻai maka nā mea biotechnological-i? Iecaianoaaiiuo, a hoʻohana microorganisms e hoʻolilo i ka pia i loko o fermentable pulapula o ke, a laila, hoomakaukau iho la laua mea - ethanol. A pau o ke kahua o ka ae ana o ka hua liilii i ka rectification iloko i ka nui nui o Nine Inch, a me mechanical keʻano o ka hanaʻana. Kēlā me kēia no kēia mau mea e loli ai ka organoleptic ano o ka'eto ka waiʻona. Kēia e e wehewehe hope.

Makaʻu ka heluna o ka organoleptic ano

Ma keia hihia:

• Hui hoʻomaʻemaʻe ano o ka lako a pan no ka hana (Pipeline vaporization keʻena, wela poe kuai moni, hoolilo pahu).
• Ka pono o ka maka mea ( 'ano o ka hua liilii, i ka olelo o ka pūnaewele, kūlana haʻahaʻa, a me ka ala AL.).
• Usable flowsheet hānai makaukau (enzymatic Mechanics, kahiko).
• Ka iapaau ana kaʻina (freeness, i loko o ka neeaa, i? Iecaianoaaiiie).
• Hoʻohana 'ia ka hū? Ueo.
• I ka holomua o ka fermentation kaʻina (lōʻihi like 'ole, mea ulu o kaʻakika).
• Pono keia mau mea kākoʻo nā (antiseptics a me disinfectants).

Kekahi o ka mea nui loa aʻe o ka mea e like ai o ka maka mea i hoʻohana. Ke kahua me ia mea pilikia, no ka mea, aole lehulehu lako o ka hua liilii. No laila, i ka bulk o ka maka mea hoʻohana ua hāʻawi mai ai i ka poʻe ma lalo o ka aelike. Ka mea, manao me kekahi mau mai ana ma ua kūkākūkāʻia kumukūʻai.

I ka lā,ʻaʻole nō he aupuni maʻamau 'ole' ē aʻe normative a me ka oaoieei palapala kuhikuhi, a makemake maopopo hoakaka i na koi no ka ai, hoʻohana 'ia no ka hana ana i keia huahana. Naʻe, i kekahi o ia mau mea i paa ma ka "hooponopono ma ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka waiʻona mai pia-i loaʻa ka maka mea." Iwaena o lakou - o ka maʻiʻo o nāʻawahia contaminants (hua nāhelehele, a pela aku ...), Pest infestation o nā mauʻu wanawana, e like me e kukulu Poomau.

I ka hoʻohana 'ana o ia ka waiʻona mai i loko o ka hana ana o kanakaʻona mau nā mea inu pono ke kiʻekiʻe ma Hawaiʻi no ka kūpono huahana. Mai ka moku'āina o ka hua liilii hoʻohana mea pololei e kaukaʻi ma ka organoleptic waiwai o ka mea kūpono mau mea i olelo waiwai. Ka loa nui anakahi o ka maka mea o kona ala. Aie i ka capillary-porous 'ole o ka mānoanoa, a like nuipa skvazhistosti mea hiki adsorb (ka hoʻokemu) na kinoea okoa, a ma ka ohu mai ka kaiapuni. Ka maka mea i mea mailoko o waho pūnaewele pests, e hoi no nā huahana o ko lākou ola. Inā ka palaoa lepeta i ike, e worsens ka waihoʻoluʻu a me kaʻaiʻana, akā, i hana i kēia ala. Poino i keia wahi lako hana 'ano kūpono no microbial ulu a me ka hoʻomāhuahua o mycotoxins. E hoʻohana i kēia palaoa, e hana e like me ka hiki. Naʻe, i ka nui helu o nā mea kolo he kūlana e loli ai i ka organoleptic ano o ka kūpono ai ka waiʻona.

No ka mea hana o ka la huahana mea pinepine o ka mea hune e like ai ua hoʻohana 'ia a me ka hemahema palaoa, i waena o aʻiliahi a freshly wa e ohi ai, poino ka maloʻoʻana, malalo i ka pakiko-hahana maoli nō kēia, a me kaʻeha ergot smut a me Fusarium. He He loea mea. Iloko o ka aaioee o freshly wa e ohi ai mānoanoa ko e oo ai me ka waiū enehana kue i, i hiki aku ai i ka pilikia o ka Masa, a, no laila, nui emi ma ka hana o ka like pahu.

Ke ano o ka maka mea, poino ma ka maloʻoʻana, hiki ke ĸokoĸa ana nä pane mai ka malamalama eleele iʻeleʻele. He nui ka ike. Palaoaʻeleʻele oeaa ia i ka'ōpala. E like me ka hopena o kēia kaʻina mea, wale hoʻohuihui me ke ola. No laila, i ke ana ana o ka wela mānoanoa ko e ole e oi aku mamua o 10%. Ka hoʻohanaʻana i ia ka waiʻona mai no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o kbps nā mea inu i oi o keia aka mea unacceptable.

Maka ua hoʻohaumiaʻia ergot a me ka smut liloʻawahia, no ka mea, he likeʻole alkaloids (argonin, ergotamine, kortunin etc.). Nā palapala impurities i loa undesirable, no ka mea, ka mea, ho ololi i ka organoleptic nā hoailona o ka waiʻona, a haawi ia oi, awaawa, a me ka pungency. Naʻe, i ka maka nā hiki ke hoʻokō 'ia me ke olakino palaoa. Pela kona maʻiʻo e e ole hou aku 8-10%.

Hua liilii, a ua hoʻohana 'ia no ka waiʻona? Iecaianoaaiiie, he o ka pia (65 - 68% i maloo waiwai) i maikai me kumuʻiʻo, kaikea, noa pulapula o ke, nā minelala hao, polysaccharides, dextrin. A pau i heluʻia i huiʻia ma ka kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao likeʻole o ke kaʻina hana 'ole i loko o nā biochemical reactions.

Kekahi ololi e loli ai i ka organoleptic waiwai o ka hoʻopau 'ana i huina hoonui o ka malt a me ka fermentation hoomakaukau mikroorganizmennyh ulu (saccharifying mea). It E e ia no hoi i ka mooolelo. Muli o kona kulana pinepine iho mailoko me kēia mau ai 'hiki ke hoʻohana' ia ma manufacturing. Ua hiki no hoi hiki mai ia mea, hele mai, mai ka nele mai o enzymatic haʻawina. Ma ia he hihia ia lŘlŘ iho mailoko o fermentation kaʻina. I ka hopena o ka hana-i o ka hua'ōlelo i makemake neoneo huahana o ka hū. Nolaila,'okesaside o ka waiʻona emi. No ka mea, o keia, ka mea, ua noho ino honi a me kaʻaiʻana.

Ka mea e like ai o ka waiʻona ma kahi e hilinaʻi nui ma acee? Iuo oeiia o ka hū hoʻohana. Ko lakou koho a me characterization o kupono fermentation e leie aku e loaa mai la ia huahana me ka haʻahaʻa ka maʻiʻo o ka walaʻauʻana impurities.

Ua mea i nui i ke keʻena i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka waiʻona i ka wai. Mai kona maemae (dala o microorganisms hiki mai, a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe maloko Nine Inch) ka pono o ka huahana hua hilinaʻi nui. He pono e hoʻohana i ka wai e hele mai ana, mai artesian wai.

No hoi e hoailona oukou ia ma hope o ka, i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe huahana noho i loko mai la kelaʻawahia contaminants. Higher nā mea kemika i kekahi manawa i hiki mai i ka hua mai la ka waiʻona, ke haawi aku i ka malamalama, he nawaliwali fruity ala. He He loea mea. Akā, i ke alo o ka diethyl Etera, oia ka inoa huahana awaawa, a me ka putrid ala.

Ka mea e like ai o ka waiwai a me kona organoleptic ano i kekahi 'ole e likeʻole atypical impurities' ole 'ē aʻe microbial toxins, pesticides a me na mea e ae.

waiʻona hua enehana

Kēia'ikamu mea he kokoke nānā. Rectified'eto waiʻona hiki ke i loko o ekolu mau aoao: ma ka Nine Inch, kemikala a me biochemical (enzymatic). Lākou wae hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ke kanaka.

• Enzymatic kaʻina hana no ka makaukau o ke kō ka waiʻona fermentation ia lŘlŘ. Ua nemaloznachimy kaʻina. He lawe mai i ka hana o ka hū a me nā'ūhū.
• Nine kaʻina hana no ka makaukau o ka waiʻona i hoʻohana i ka paka hanalima ka waiʻona mai kanu maka mea i loaʻa i ke kiʻekiʻe puluniu maʻiʻo (mauʻu, sawdust, etc.). Nō hoʻi ka mea, ua hua mai la ia mai sulphite waiona (ʻiʻo pepa a me ka pepa? Iecaianoaaiiuo wahi neoneo).
• A kemikala kaʻina hana no ka hana hanalima waiʻona mea he wai pili i ka'etolina ma ke alo o ka hōʻeleu. He loa he like iaoia.

Food rectified'eto ka waiʻona ua loaa wale nō, mai ka like feedstock. Fundamentally, keia, e mālama aku i kaʻai, a me ka molasses uala. hoomakaukau Rectified'eto ka waiʻona E noa ka, mai ka ia feedstock. Naʻe, ka mea e pihaʻi likeʻole impurities, i mea prohibitive no ka ai puolo.

? Iecaianoaaiiuo o'eto ka waiʻona ua lawe mai i loko o 3 kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao

• E hoomakaukau ai. Ua huikalaʻia, mai ka hanai impurities a me ka makaukau o ka malt.
• Main. I loko o keia kahua o ka imu i wahi a saccharification o starchy maka mea, fermentation, distillation, a me ka waiū? Eaia ka waiʻona.
• Hope - rectification. Kēia kaʻina ua i lawe mai hai hou distillation no ka mea o ka huikala ana o ethanol mai kekahi mau impurities.

Kekahi o ka mea maikai ke ano o ke kanuʻia, a ua hoʻohana 'ia no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o keia huahana mea heʻuala. No keia mea, e hoʻohana i ka ike ana'ku i loaa kiʻekiʻe starchy a me ka mahalo i ka pilina paʻa ma ka pūnaewele. He mea nui i ano no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie.

Oe E hoi ike i palaoa ua ole hoʻohana wale me he maka mea, akā, no hoi no ka malt, i mea ke kumu o nā'ūhū e hoohiolo no ia i pia, e fermentable pulapula o ke. Ua hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ke kanaka makemake. e hoʻohana 'ia kekahi mau mea kanu kahi o ka malt'ūhū hoʻomākaukau o microbial kumu. E kiʻi iā lākou mai loko mai o ka hopena he. 'ūhū mea haʻilula keimikala hiki e kekahi he piha hope o ka malt hoʻohana pū me ia i loko o nā ka lākiō..

Kau waiwai o ka 'ike loea hou a ka waiʻona i? Iecaianoaaiiuo. Ka uliuli kino he i ka helu o ka impurities a lauwili e like me ka baila aʻela i mahana. Ka mea, e ma-huahana i fermentation. Lākou koena nui a me ka haku mele 'ana loli i ka mea e like ai o ka waiʻona hua waina mua. Kēia mea he nui mea.

lako a pan e pono ai

E loaa i ka huina hoonui, mai ka maka ka waiʻona ma multicolumn kahua. Lākou hoʻohana mea nui. Kēlā me kēia kia o ka olelo ana i hoʻomākaukauʻia hanaʻia i kekahi mau 'papa e like me ke kaawale ana o ka läÿau, ma kekahi mau ana wela a me ka malihini. Reactions o ka waiʻona mai ke kino, a me ko lakou physico-Nine Inch waiwai ae e kiʻi pohaku uinihepa, o like impurities. He mea nui i loko o keia hihia. Ka mea, 'aʻole' ae 'ia ma ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o edible ka waiʻona. Currently, loaʻa nō kekahi mau hou Palapala Sila Nuiʻanoʻenehana manaʻo hoʻomaʻemaʻe kanu maka mea, i hiki me ka nui loa hoʻoikaika 'ana i ka mākau a me ka organoleptic ano o ka olelo mai huahana. Auana bragorektifikatcii mea maoli ma ka 15%. Auaiaea o ka huina hoonui hope mea kokoke i 98,5%. I ka lā, i ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka waiwai hoʻohana bragorektifikatsionnye ka ana hana e hiki ai ke komo mai i elima kolamu. Ka mea, he poe okoa, a, ma e like me kona manao, subdivided like penei:

• Brazhnye. Ka mea, i hoʻohana 'ia no ke koena o ka Masa, a ka waiʻona.
• Epuration. Ka mea, i hoʻohana 'ia e kaʻawale ethanol.
• Distillation. E hoʻohana i ia e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ka waiʻona - heʻiʻo maka nō. loaa rectified uhane 'aneʻi ka hana
• Fusel. An nui ka hoʻololiʻana. Ka mea, i kia a me ka hoʻokaʻawale o fusel aila
• Kolamu hope hoʻomaʻemaʻe. Ka mea, i hoʻohana 'ia e loaa i ka lani kiekie loa e like ai huahana.

hohonu, i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe

Rectification - mea heʻano o ka nunui-ke kahua distillation. Ua ua lawe ia ma ke kolamu ma ka mea o ka mahu a me ka mnogokolpachkovyh papa. Kēia mau mea kanu hua mai la ia i ka waiwai e like me yiaeaiiacaaeneiie eiiiiiaiou a me fusel aila i mea i ka läÿau, a kiekie ae oe i ka waiʻona. I kulike ai me ke kaʻina hana o ka distillation, e māheleʻia kēia mau impurities i:

• Huelo. Mau kumu mua i ana haawiia ka poe i loaa i ka baila aʻela i wahi kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ethanol. Ua fusel mea kāhinu, a me nā waiwai. No ka laʻana, furfural, acetals, a me na mea e ae.
• Headaches. Mau nā impurities i paila ma ke ana wela haʻahaʻa ma mua o ethanol. Ma keia hihia, nā mea kemika a me aldehydes.
• Kuwaena waiʻona mai ke kino a me ke kaupalenaʻana huikala. Ka mea,ʻo ka loa trudnootdelimymi hui o ka hui. Ke kaumaha ma muli mau olelo o ka distillation i e kekahi me ka huelo a me ke poo.

? ueo

I mai la ia huahana, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka degere o ka huikala ua maheleia i:

• 1 papa. Kēia waiʻona Ua loaʻa palapala noi i laau lapaau. Eia naʻe, no ka mea, o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o kanakaʻona mau nā mea inu mea,ʻaʻole i loko o ana.
• "Lux".
• "Keu".
• "Ke kumu".
• "Alpha".

No ka hana ana o nā mea inu, a me ka mea e like ai, e hālāwai me nā mea a pau ke kālā e pono ai, oe e hoʻohana ka waiʻona i ka wa e kaawale aku o kaʻawahia ano o impurities. He pono i kō nā koi i hoakaka ia ma GOST R 51652-2000.

'eto waiʻona - noi

Ma keia manao, e ke nani na mea a straightforward. Ka hoʻohana o ka waiʻona i ka loa'ōlewa. Eia naʻe, ka hapanui pinepine ka mea, e hoʻohana no ka 'inikua hana, no ka mea? Iecaianoaaiiie o kanakaʻona mau nā mea inu, e like me ka pono me ka hana mau.

manufacturing hiʻona

Kekahi mau 'ano o ka olelo mai substance ua loaa mai kekahi mau maka mea. oia:

• Alcohol "Alpha" ua i mai ka palaoa a me ka rai. ʻOkoʻa, ma keia hihia o ia mea ua hoʻohana 'ia i ka läÿau,.
• Uhane "Lux" a "keu" i loaa mai nāʻano o nā ulu, e like me nā mea huihuina ona a me ka uala. Ua hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka kanaka koho o ka maka mea. Alcohol "keu" ua hua wale nō, mai ola mānoanoa. Ua Ua manaoia no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o vodka, a ua hoʻolilo.
• Alcohol 1st papa ua hua mai la, mai ka läÿau, o ka uala a me ka palaoa, a me ka pono pākahi. ¶ A i loko o keia hihia, hiki ke hoʻohana 'a me kō beet molasses. I ka hoʻohana 'ana o ia ka waiʻona mai i loko o ka hana ka poʻea pau a hiki i ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka waiʻona type.

Ho o mai la ia huahana i ma ka hoomaopopo ana i ka buke a me ka wela o ka waiwai i loko o ke ana paukūʻolokaʻa. Special mea hoʻoluku (alcoholmeters) ho oholo i ka pa apŘ o ka waiwai. Ua hoʻopili like me ka kekahi pā kaua. Ka lilo ana o kūikawā papa ma luna o ka loaa mai nāʻikepili a me ka wela ho oholo i ka pā% (ethanol huli). Nō hoʻi, ka mea e like ololi ua hoʻonohoʻaneʻi. He mea nui ka aka. I ka hoonuiia ma ka buke o ka la o ka waiwai ka mea, ua lawe mai i ka ho omaulia ana o ka nui o anhydrous ka waiʻona a inā loaʻa.

i kau eono hoʻokumu paʻa kino ai a me ka Nine Inch e malu ai ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana ma kekahi' aoʻao. Kukulu ana i na palena o nā nā hoʻohui like oʻawahia oihana mua i ho'ākāka 'ia i loko o SanPin. Ke alo aku o ka furfural ua ole ia i nā mea a pau. Holopapa ola o ka waiʻona i kona palena. Eia naʻe, pono e halawai a pau o ka hoakaka ana.

Ka lepili,'ōpala a me ka pūnaewele

Ke huahana Ua hue i loko o ka pela e iai? Oaiaaiiua moku, e hiki anei, barela, hue paha poʻina nalu. Ka mea, pono e hermetically sila 'ilikai ke poʻi a pani'ōmole. Pahu pono e sila a hōʻailonaʻia. Nā hueʻili i piha i kūikawā hinai a me pahu. Pāpā ma keia hihia, no ka hoʻohana o galvanized kila pahu.

'eto waiʻona 95% inu hue ma ka aniani omole o kekahi mau puke a i silaia me ka Cork a ea pani. Top chap ua kau aku ma luna o ka Aluminum ia i ua noi ia ka Hookah, hehi iho. Nō hoʻi, ma laila ua hōʻike ka buke hapa iki o ka waiʻona.

'Ana ma luna o ka hue i' ae 'ua kāpili ma luna ma luna i loaʻa o ka inoa o ka huina hoonui, i ka inoa a me ka helu wahi o ka Hookah, momoku ahi inoa, aupuni o ke kumu, ka ikaika, ka leo a me ka hoʻopiha lā. Koiʻaneʻi mea e haawi aku ai ia 'ike ma ka palapala hoʻomaikaʻi. Nō hoʻi ma luna o ka mea i 'ae' noi Kû ke oaoieei-a hoʻokonukonu palapala kuhikuhi, e like me i ka huina hoonui hiki ke hōʻike '.

Nā hueʻili i laila, hoonoho iho la ma ka laau pahu. - ka inoa o ka Hookah ka o ka waiʻona, ka maʻamau inoa o ka inoa o ka hana: ka mea, indelibly OAXA ka ia kēia 'ikepili e e hoopili. Ua hoi Hōʻike ke kaumaha nui, i ka helu o ka hue a me kā lākou kākoʻo. Oe e kekahi e hele i ka palapala "e haʻalele aku! Aniani "," Flammable "," Top. "

'eto waiʻona rectified, piha i ka pahu a me nā ipu waiho mawaho o ka? Iecaianoaaiiuo iauaeoia AEI o ka hana. Kēia huahana ma ka barela, E hiki anei ia a me nā hue i waiho ai i loko o ke kupaianaha hale kūʻai. 'eto waiʻona mea he flammable yiaeaiiacaaeneiie wai. He ka degere o ke keiki ma luna o ka kanaka e pili ana i ka 4th papa. No laila, i ka papaa kūlana i kūikawā koi. Ka waiʻona'ōpao omole a me ka la e hiki ai e hoonohoia i loko o ka lalani, akā, me nā pahu - i oi aku mamua o elua kiʻekiʻe a me ka laula o ka noae. I mea e pale aku i ka Naita me ia, ia mea e pono ke lawe mai palekana 'ia hoʻi, poʻina nalu mai kūpaʻa uila. Waho pūnaewele manawa i loko o keia hihia i kona palena.

hopena

e heluhelu ana i ka luna ma hope, e hiki ke hoakaka pono ke ike i ka mea, ua hua mai'eto ka waiʻona, i ke kumu kuai o ka i, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka 'ano o ka huina hoonui a me ka engine nona iho o ka ipu i loko i ka mea, ua noho ai, mea mai ka 11 a hiki i 1500 rubles.