Rice kahua. raiki kanu enehana

Rice - kekahi o ka waiwai ulu i loko o ke ao nei i waena o ka papa kuhikuhi ai no ka hapanui o ka lehulehu o ko mākou Honua. He he makahiki kanu o ka 'ohana ka papa monocotyledonous kiliala.

kekahi mau 'ike

Kēia cereal i ka fibrous aa'ōnaehana me ka pneumatic cavities i i ka hookipaia ana o ke ea i loko o ka waikahe lepo. Ke Kii o ka laau ooi iloko olaila o nodular anei i kona mānoanoa mea e pili ana 3-5 mm o a kiekie - 38 knm, Ua hoi he kiekie o 3-5 mika (hohonu-ano). Anei i ka hapanui kukulu, akā, ma laila nō pii a me ka stelyaschiesya. Haumana lanceolate, inflorescence mea he panicle, nona ka lōʻihi o 10-30 knm. Panicle ua'opihia paha hohola ai, palupalu a kukulu ke kaumaha ma muli o ka likeʻole ma o ka raiki. Ma ka mea a me ka nui helu o spikelets ka wā ma pōkole wāwae. A pau, awelika hua raiki ninoieo o kaʻoʻoleʻa iwi, a ma lalo o ka brownish waihoʻoluʻu a me ka waiho waho hua liilii. Ma lalo o kaʻili - ka endosperm, ka loa nutritious hapa o ka hua liilii, i ka mea a mākou e nānā i loko o ka palapala o ke keʻokeʻo ka raiki, ikeia like anaiia a wili. About 94% o ka mea loaʻa pia, ma kahi o 6-10% kumuʻiʻo, akā naʻe, he mea aneane ole B nā wikamina a me ka mea pōhaku waiwai. Wili raiki ua hoʻomākaukau koke ihola, oi eaaei ke kemu ma ke kino. I ka wela humid aniau i loko nō o ka huahana mau hou.

raiki-e ulu ana

Aia i 3 ke ano o nā mahinaʻai ma i mahi i kēia mea uliuli a pau: uka, loaʻa, e kaha a me ka muliwai. E kaha makau i ma luna o nā mahinaʻai o ka laiki kanu 'ana i kūpono ninoieo ma ka mahiai i ka ikaika caiieiaiey a laila, oiai ka waena,' aʻole i oo ai, a laila, moni loa i ka wai, a hoʻomaka i ka hōʻiliʻiliʻai. Kēia ʻano o kaʻohiʻana i kaʻai i waena o ka loa, he pono ole, no laila, 'ohi i ka ma kahi o 90% o global ka raiki? Iecaianoaaiiuo. Upland mahinaʻai ke aupuni 'ma ka wahi, kahi o ka nui nui o ke kimu i lalo, no laila, ka mea e ole koiʻimi hoʻopunipuni, nicaaiea. Ma kela a me nā'āina e ulu ka laiki o ka iaʻano likeʻole, akā, i ka hua ma luna o ka loaʻa, e kaha ma luna kula. Lima laiki kahuaʻano nui i loko o ke aupuni 'floodplains a me vozdelyvavaetsya i wai. Ma keia hihia, ke hoʻohana 'ia ka raiki kūikawāʻano likeʻole me koke ulu ōhāhā, i whisks lana ma luna o ka wai. Ke hoʻohālikelike me ka mahi o ka laiki i loko o nā mahinaʻai, i kēia iaoia haawi mai i ka nui liʻiliʻi kekahi mea kanu, akā, ia mea he oi kuʻuna no nā wahi ma kahi cereal o ka nui loa hehee ai i loko o kanaka kino, no kekahi laʻana, ma hawaiian aina.

'ano o ka laiki

Aia nō i loko o ke ao nei mai o na tausani o kekahi mauʻano likeʻole o ka raiki. No ka laʻana, ma Asia kēlā me kēia kula hoʻolako i keʻano o ka hana 'ike loea. Ua Ua hoʻolaha ma ka lōʻihi o ka hua liilii, 'ano o ka lapaʻau, waihoʻoluʻu,ʻono. Ma ke degere o ka mea uliuli a pau aaioee ua maheleia i keʻokeʻo laiki, eleele a me ka parboiled.

ʻO kēia mau 'ano o ka laiki:

1. Paddy: paddy, e lawe mai i ke kula, hiki ke waiho waho no kekahi mau makahiki.
2. Rice hua keratio - wehe ia mai o ka ai o ka mua lapaʻau ka anu u, ua hoʻohana 'ia e like me ka holoholona hānai, a me mea hoʻomomona.
3. Bran iwi: ka mea, ua loaa ia ia ma ke kaʻina hana o ka wili mānoanoa ko hoʻohana no ka aina kakahiaka kiliala a me ka holoholona hānai.
4. Anaiia keʻokeʻo raiki: ka loa, he pono ole. I kekahi manawa, E kolikoli srednezerny a me ka lōʻihi-ai ka laiki, ka Hawaii photo o ka i 'oe ke' ike i loko o ka pauku.
5. Parboiled raiki: paddy muaʻona nō i loko o ka wai, a laila, kamaʻilio me ka mahu ma lalo o ka puʻuwai.
6. Brown a neshlifovany. I kekahi manawa, srednezerny a me ka lōʻihi-palaoa raiki, i ke kumukuai o ka i mea ole okoa mai ka ōlaʻi kumukuai o ka laiki mīkini wili pōhaku machines, a ua manaoia e e nui healthier ma mua o keʻokeʻo raiki.
7. Pana raiki: ma ka aaioee o ka laiki mānoanoa ko hoohiolo no ia i nui na apana hoʻohana no ka confectionery a me ka aina kakahiaka, uuku - no ka laiki palaoa.
8. Like pono me na ano o ka laiki e like me jasmine, basmati, kanaka o Aigupita a me ka hihiu.

Mōʻaukala a me ka haawi aku

Kahi o 7000 makahiki i kekahi kanaka i pau ai, a ulu ka raiki. Photo ae hōʻike ana i kēia hiki ke loaʻa i loko o ka wā kahiko palapala ma Kina, a India. ʻO laila, i loko o ka raiki nā mahinaʻai o ka noi nenoaiu o Canal no nenoaio i? O ka moʻomeheu. Where ia i ikea no ka manawa mua - ka mea, ua i hoʻokūpaʻa, akā, i kekahi mau kānakaʻepekema 'aelike' ia e noʻonoʻo pono i ka aina hanau o Alaska. E like me nā kumu ka mea, ua ike ia laiki kihapai ma Kina iʻikeʻia i loko o ka 5th Ka Wā Kaukani BC a me ka hola i 500 BC, ua ke aupuni 'ia ma South-Hikina a me ka Hema Asia, Kina a me India. Hohola ai i kēia cereal hakuloli i kekahi ino ana, no ka laʻana ma South Asia e i ka nui nui o ka wai, a hoʻa'ā i ka a pau ka makahiki, a ma Iapana, Korea a me Central China hoomakaʻano likeʻole i tolerate anu a me ka poe pono he wahi wai. Ma Asia, e ohi ai, a ua kanu raiki nō hana lima, no ka kenekulia mahi ma ka mauna plateaus, hillsides a me nā'āpana liʻiliʻi o ka aina. Ma ke kenekulia 13th laiki kihapaiʻikeʻia i loko o Sicily, ma ka North America, oia ua ikeia'ku me ka'ōlelo Farani, ka Beritania, a me ka Japanese. Ma South America huahelu lawe mai i ke Pukiki, a me ka Paniolo. Rice mahi i loko o Rusia, hoomaka ae la oi ma mua o 300 makahiki aku nei.

Rice i loko o Rusia

Ma ka Russian aupuni a pau, mua i ka raiki kahuaʻikeʻia i loko o ka manawa Ivana Groznogo. Ua haawiia mai i mea no ka Astrakhan kia'āina ma e ulu ana "Sarakena millet", i mea pehea lakou i ka inoa o lāʻau. I ka lalo Volga noho kula, akā, i ka hoʻokolohua hopena, Eia naʻe, ua noho IKE OLE IA.

Iloko o ka noho alii ana o Peter I «Sarakena millet" hou ae la i loko o Rusia, ia Lulu hua iho la i loko o ka aaeuoa o ka muliwai Terek, a me ka hopena o kaʻohi hou nalowale i waena o ka manaʻo pono o ka moku'āina. Ua ua wale i ka 1786 ke Kii reappeared ma Lūkini ?? eoi? - Ua laweia mai i ka Kuban Cossacks. Rice mahinaʻai i aia i loko o ka waikahe wahi o ka Kuban muliwai, a laila, kiʻi i ka maikai ohi ai laiki kahua, a i waho ma Rusia.

hokii o ka laiki i loko o ke ao nei

Aia nā 2 hoʻokokoke mai ai i ka hoopau ana o keia cereal, "Western" - Ua typical no ka 'Amelika a me' Eulopa, a me ka "Hawaiian" - no Asia. I ka hikina aina huahelu pili ia i ka kela la ai, raiki ma Europe la kona kaulana ma hope, akā, initially ka mea, no ka mea lahaʻole kanu, a hoomakaukau wale nō no ka aha lealea kuhikuhi kahua paʻa. Over manawa, raiki ua i lilo kekahi o ko lākou mau papa kuhikuhi ai, akā, ma ka Akä naÿe i Asia, hoomaka ae laʻEulopa e hoʻomākaukau ka laiki me nā manuʻaiʻia, ai, MeaʻAi O Ke Kai a me ka meaʻala mea hoʻonui.

Ua nele no i ka laiki iʻohi

Kela a me keia makahiki ma kahi o 350 mln. Na tona o ka laiki hua mai i loko o ke ao nei. More ma mua o ka hapalua o ka poʻe i loko o ka honua hoʻohana mea 3 manawa i ka lā. In Japan, 78% o ka aina e nona ma ka mahi ana o ka raiki, no ka laʻana, eia nae o ka lilo o ka laiki nei me ka nui loa kiʻekiʻe. Ka Mńmń Holo o ka hokii, a kiliala no kanaka ma Asia, he 150 kg no ka makahiki, oiai ma Europe - 2 kg no ka makahiki. About 12-13 mln. Na tona o ka makahiki global waiwai hoʻokomo a me ka waiwai hoʻolilo,ʻo ia hoʻi, ka hola 4% o ka heluna kaʻai i waena i loko o ke ao nei. South America a me Asia i ka papa kuhikuhiE kānaka hoʻolilo o ka laiki, a me 'Eulopa - i ka mea hoʻokomo.

raiki hua lulu

No ka hua lapaʻau hoʻohana kuikawa i hoʻokaʻina 'separators, laila, e ho'āʻo i ka anoano no germination, me indices emi o 90% o ka hua liilii i ukele. 5-8 lā ma mua lulu i ka anoano i maloo ma ka la, alohaʻia ia i loko o mehana ka wai no 2-3 lā, ma hope o haanou ana maloo e flowability, a hoʻomaka e kanu i loko o ka mālama '-enaena, i ka'āina a hiki i ka hohonu o 10 knm. Ka pono ala i ka laiki iʻohi ua manaʻo paʻa? Eou Seeder flanged paha papu maʻamau. Ua lawe maikai hopena a me keʻa-diagonal iaoia o kanu raiki. Hoʻohana 'ia i loko o waikahe soils razbrosnoy kekahi mea kanu, mai ka pelane, no laila, he mea hiki, e lulu 150 aa i ka lā me he hookahi mokulele. Rice hiki e ulu pū mai Mahikō. Ma keia aoao, ka mea i loko o Vietnam, Kina, lapana a me nā'āina'ē. Seedling moʻomeheu i loko o ka Moscow mea wili i loaʻa i loko o Azerbaijan.

Nenoaio i? A me ka malama ana o ka laiki iʻohi

He 3 mau aoao, e irrigate laiki:

• ana caiieiaiey - o ka wai ma luna o ke kahua i ka ulu manawa;
• truncated caiieiaiey - ma ka hoʻomaka a me ka hope o ka mea kanu i ka wai, ahu iho i kahi e;
• intermittent caiieiaiey - i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wai ua malamaia no i kekahi manawa.

Moscow mea wili meaʻano nui hoʻohana hoopokole caiieiaiey. Ma soils i mea ole Saline ikaika a kŘpa a maemae mai ka nāhelehele, pana aku au i hoohainu i ka wai ma hope o kanu, a ma mua germination. Ma hope o ka laiki seedling pahu ua piha, a me ka mea i nui nui ka wai, ahu iho i 'ae' ana i ka tillering -. About 5 knm ahu iho la ka wai, ua laila, i nā mahuahua i 15 knm, a ma keia pae o ka wai, e kanu mahuahua oo. Over manawa, ua iki hoemiia ka wai lako i ka maturation o ka honua maloo, a me ka mea, ua hiki i ka hoʻomaka kaʻohiʻana. No ka make ana o ka līoho, Nine Inch ka nāhelehele i hooponopono ai aeration o ka lepo maloʻo raiki kahua. Photos o kēia kaʻina hana hiki ke loaʻa i loko o na mea he nui o nā koi o ka nenoaio i? No ka laiki a me ka malama.

Technology o ka laiki kanu

All-Union Research Institute o ka laiki laiki kanu enehana? Ac?, E i hiki ke loaa mai ka 4 a hiki i 6 tona o ka palaoa no 1 aa. Ka 'enehana ua papahana e lawe i ka mooolelo o ka i Kekahi Mau' o ka lepo, aniau peculiarities,ʻano likeʻole.

No ka mea hema wahi, a me ka Krasnodar Teritori? Ac? 8ʻokoʻa? Iecaianoaaiiuo enehana o ka laiki moʻomeheu:

1. XIX. Enehana, i nā hana 66, pu ma kiʻekiʻe e haawi i ko o ka laiki, he nui wahie hokii, a kiʻekiʻe ka manaʻo pohihihi.
2. ʻano hana i loko o a na anoano luluia i ka hohonu o ka 4 a 5 knm, a me nā 49 hana. Ua hoʻohana mālama '-lapaau o ka lepo: Akumaʻia a me i kakahiaka nui kana e mahiai ana.
3. Technology ma i ka hoʻohui pūʻia hana o ka lepo aaioee: hoʻopololei o ke anakahi iki-kokua, i ka pono o fertilizers a me herbicides, seeding, a me ka ape o kaʻili kai.
4. Ke enehana, a ua hoakaka no ka palena iki mahi: ia 'aʻole helu' ana e like me'ō'ō palau ana ia, disking, chizelevanie, hana ana hoʻolālā, e eku ana.
5. Technology, hana kūikawā ma luna, e kaha, piha loa lakou i ka wai, oa kahi o ka raiki kahua mea,ʻaʻole e hiki i ka maloʻo ma ka Akuma ka, e like me ia ma ka ke anuenue manawa i loko o ka lulu au a me ka lepo e hoʻomākaukau ai.
6. Bezgerbitsidnaya enehana e leie aku mahiʻai hana e hakakā nāhelehele, maʻi a me pests.
7. Technology me ka hoʻohanaʻana i pesticides no ka mahi ana o ka raikiʻai.
8. Technology kahi a pau ka mana-ia e hoopau ana a me ka hana-mālama nui keʻano o ka hanaʻana hana 'Ohi a CFS-3,6 a me 3,6-CCF, a me ka hoʻokaʻa oo palau-ol 2.4. A kiʻiona hiʻona o keia iaoia mea ala apuupuu kana e mahiai ana.