Bee maʻi a me kā lākou nohoʻana. disinfection o hives

Kekahi mau 'ano o ka nalo meli mai i ka maoli pilikia kela beekeeper. Eia naʻe, ka hapanui o ia mau nō ike ole. Ma kēia hihia, na symptoms o na maʻi o ka nalo meli hualiʻana ua i wehewehe aku, a me ka maka kapa ole, e hōʻike iā lākou he paʻakikī. Kēia, ma ka huli, ke alakai i ka emi ana o na umi o nāʻohana no ka mea, o ka mea impossibility o kaʻike, ma ka koke ke kahua.

Ka loa, he pono ole nalo hopeʻeha maʻi a me kā lākou hana

I ka lā, ua haalele iho breeders i ka nui helu o Hardy a me Hardy a laha 'ana o kēia mau nā mea kolo. He nui o ia hiki ke nāu kekahi me ma Rusia. I me ka dukima nā mea palahēhē o nā mea a pau kēia laha 'o ka nalo meli,ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi,' ano hale lio. Naʻe, kekahi o ka maʻi, Eia naʻe, hiki nō i hoʻomaka ai ma luna o nā apiaries, a he pinepine ana.

Ka loa, he pono ole pane ana i ka ninau e pili ana i mea i ka maʻi nalo meli ma luna o apiaries i:

• Varroa;

• 'Amelika a me Europa foulbrood;

• nosema;

• askosferoz.

mau mai a pau i loa pilikia loa, a hiki me ka nui loa emi i ka hana a nāʻohana. Lapaʻau nalo meli mai varroatosis, foulbrood, nosema maʻi a me nā maʻi e hoʻomaka koke ma hope o ka ka loaʻaʻana o nā symptoms mua. Ua hiki ke i hoʻohana nā hanalima ai 'a me ka poʻe laau.

Kumu o Varroa infestation

Kēia i kekahi mea pepehi weliweli a me ka na maʻi ua palapala haneri o nā puke. Kapa ia ka ukuia Varroa destructor, he parasite ma ka hana nalo meli, drones, larvae a me ka pupae. I ko kakou aupuni, i ke ahulau i mua hoʻopaʻa pepa paʻi kiʻi i ka 1964, a i ka lā o ka loa, he pono ole i loko o ka apiaries.

Varroa maʻiʻaʻai ia lŘlŘ ma ka hui 'ana me ola holoholona maʻi. Ma ka hapanui o na hihia keia. Ma muli o ka aihue ana ka meli nalo meli mai nā apiaries nui pili i hoʻokomo 'o ka hives, ka wā e hoʻopaʻi ana naʻe nā mea kolo o ka ia meli mea kanu.

Ka papa kuhikuhiE symptoms

Ua hoike mai ai ia i ka maʻi, Eia naʻe,ʻaʻole i kekahi manawa. Kona mau hoailona mua hiki ke 'ike ma hope o ka makahiki a elua ma hope maʻiʻaʻai wale. I ka papa kuhikuhiE symptoms i varroatosis:

• ka muli o kaʻohana o kaʻinoʻino holoholona;

• emaciation o ka nalo meli;

• lesion hapa hamama pūnana (larvae decompose);

• ka nui helu o ka make larvae ma ka migratory papa.

Ke kākoʻo nana ana o nā mea kolo hiki ke hoopuni ia akulla 'a me ka hapanui tick.

Pehea e pakele o ka apiary Varroa destructor

Iapaau ana o ka meli, mai varroatosis - ka ina hana nō huikau. Kekahi lāhui kanaka epekema ma keia hihia, IeAUPIIe, IAa lawa. Haʻi pākōlea hopena o keia maʻi pakaʻano nui kūikawā wale hanalima huahana. I ka loaʻaʻana o ka iho mailoko o apiary beekeepers Varroa ohana loa mau hoʻohana 'ia' ana o nāʻano likeʻole:

• amitrazovye;

• fluvalinatovye.

Ma muli amitraz i ka hoʻokō ai 'e like me "Aqua-Flo", "Bipin-T" a me ka "Apimaks". Bee olelo ao no ka hoʻohana i kēia mau dala, he 'ano mea. Ke kanawai ka mea, i ka loa maikai. E ho ohana i fluvalinate e ai 'e like me "API-San", "Varropol", "Fumisan".

Ma waho aʻeo i kekahi ai ', e hana pinepine nalo meli, mai varroatosis hoʻohana i formicʻakika. Kēia 'o ia hoʻi ka luna o ka? Aieao i ua malamaia lakou. Vaporized, formicʻakika pepehi lepeta i ka nalo hopeʻeha pūnana ahiahi.

Uluwehi O "Bipin-T": kauoha no ka hoʻohana

He He hoʻopololeiʻia ana ma ka varroatosis nalo meli hou pinepine. Ua Ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka luawai, a Akuma ka wā,ʻaʻole he ohana i loko o nāʻohana. No ka mea iapaau ana lāʻau ua nāu kekahi 1 ml i loko o 2 nā lika o mehana ka wai. I ka hopena o kekahi nō keʻokeʻo wai. Ua kākoʻo pāʻoihana Ua kākauʻia i loko o ka 'ohe, a hoohainu iho la i hive uku o 10 ml no kekahi alanui. Ma hope o 7 lā, i ka hana ua hai. No ka pane pololei, ua kaʻoi loa lawe aku i ka iapaau ana mai,ʻelua hahauʻana - koke aku ma hope o ka meli ohi ai ana, i ka lua o ka manawa - ma mua o ka staging o nāʻohana no ka hooilo.

"Bipin-T", olelo ao no ka hana i mea pela mea,ʻaʻole ia no ka hives emi o 3-4 alanui.

O ia hoʻi, "Apimaks": pehea e pili

O ka holo ana, "Bipin-T" - mea ole ka hanohano wale i waena o beekeepers ka lapaʻauʻia. Kāohiʻana a me ka lapaau varroatosis a me nā maʻi (e laʻa me, nosema, askosferoza, foulbrood) - keia mea ku i ka hoi pinepine lāʻau "Apimaks" ua hoʻohana 'ia. Bee olelo ao no ka hana ka mea, e like keia:

• 0,1 H nini E e hui me 10 nā lika o kō pāʻoihana (50%);

• ka kūpono läÿau, Ua pono e hoʻokomo i loko o kūikawā feeders, a waiho iā lākou i loko o ka hive.

'Amelika a me' Eulopa foulbrood: ke kumu maʻiʻaʻai

He hoi loa, he pono ole mai o ka nalo meli. A me kā lākou lapaau, a me ka Kāohiʻana i paa ma kekahi mau loea, ike i ka pilikia o kela kanaka beekeeper. Ke causative Agena o 'Amelika foulbrood mea he bacterium Bacillus larvae, Europa - Melissococcus plutonius. Hoʻopaʻapaʻa mua pathogen ke noho hana no na makahiki. Ka make larvae, ka mea e, no ka laʻana, noho ola no 30 makahiki. Ke causative Agena oʻEulopa foulbrood make wikiwiki. Pela, kapa beekeeper ia i hiki ke ola i hou aku 95 lā. Kanaka makua nā mea kolo a elua o kēia mauʻano o ka koʻohune mea i loli. Maʻi 'Amelika a me' Eulopa foulbrood wale larvae.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE kumu o ka maʻiʻaʻai ma keia hihia e:

• aihue o ka nalo meli;

• hoolilo spores liʻiliʻi nā mea kolo;

• hanai ana oia i ua hoʻohaumiaʻia ka meli;

• hana i loko o ka hive me kaʻino lima.

Symptoms o ka maʻi

I ka papa kuhikuhiE symptoms o na foulbrood 'Amelika a me' Eulopa i:

• i ke alo o ka nui loa o ka poe make larvae i loko o na keena;

• i ke alo o kaʻawaʻawa loa h ÷ ukuhiia ma ka lalo o ka halepaahao;

• poeleele hoi o ka mahuahua cappings a me ka helehelena o ka lua i loko o ia mau mea.

Gniltsovye nalo hopeʻeha maʻi (a me kā lākou hana, a me ka Kāohiʻana o - ka uku ole i ke kaʻina hana) hiki ke diagnosed me ka discolouration o ka larvae o integument.

lapaʻau

Pakele o ka popopo a me ke kōkua o nā ai 'hiki ole e pololei. Ka mea i ka hoopaapaa ana pathogens Nine Inch e luku mai. No laila, wale i ka disinfection o hives i loko o ka huipūʻana me ka lapaʻauʻia kōkua i ka pono hoʻolilo i kēia mau maʻi o ka nalo meli. A me kā lākou lapaau, a me ka Kāohiʻana o, mawaena o na mea a pau, e like me ka mea kēia mau hana:

• ka haku o nā kūlana pale sporulation;

• aaioee 'o ia hoʻi hives, luku spores.

E like me ka ka lapaʻauʻia no ka iapaau ana o ka nalo hopeʻeha panalāʻau mai foulbrood mea mau i hoʻohana:

• sulfathiazole;

• norsulfazol;

• tetracycline;

• erythromycin.

Hoʻohana 'ia kēia mau mea i loko o ka palapala o ka wehe' ana ma ke kō malakeke, ka pauka a me kaʻike mau pāʻoihana.

Disinfection hives iho mailoko me foulbrood, hana me ka formaldehyde (4 'ole 10%). Ma keia hihia, e hoʻokō 'ia nā māhele metala ma ka lapalapa. Hair ma hope o kipa apiary beekeeper pono e mahu no 30 min. Na ia mau kaʻina hana pele hana a me ka Kāohi foulbrood.

Kumu o ka maʻiʻaʻai hives nosema

Kēia maʻi mea pono loa ma na apiaries, ma ke kua i ua oleʻoi aku ko lāua pono nana hope. Ua hoʻololi i nā hana nosema nalo meli, a lapaʻau ua lawe mai ka hiki mua o foulbrood paha, no kekahi laʻana, varroatosis bacterium Nosema apis. Ua ola a multiplies kuhikuhi ma ka litter maʻi nalo meli. Nā kumu o ka maʻiʻaʻai nō i hookuu i ka hive nosema:

• humidity i loko o ka hive;

• shortage o pollen i loko o ka luawai;

• he palupalu ai.

I kāhea i ka maʻi i loko o nalo meli hiki ke anuenue, a kua ino i loko o ke kau a me ka hooilo, ka ulia loli ma ana wela.

na hoailona nosema

Latent ano o ka maʻi haʻi symptoms mea ole. Ma keia hihia, no ka ohana o IeAUPIIe, IAa IO pono iki nō kona nāwaliwali, a me ka mea pinepine mea pono e puku i ka uterus. Akā, ma ka hapanui o na hihia i apiaries nō me ka huʻi palapala nosema. Meli, i loko o keia hihia.

• Ka mea nele i ka hiki i ka lele;

• i loko o ka panic holo ma luna o ka hive;

• hoʻoili i ka hailona i laila;

• diarrhea.

Ma hope o kekahi manawa ma hope o ka hoouka kaua ana o kēia mau hōʻailona nā mea kolo e pepehi.

nosema lapaʻau

I ka hakakāʻana i kēia maʻi i loko o ka apiary:

• hānai nalo meli haawi aku i ka kōpaʻa palaoa kāwiliʻia kaula me antibiotics ia ia;

• update i ka heluna kanaka, ua leha na hives opiopio aliʻi wahine.

kēia mau kaʻina hana a pau i loko o kaʻano pōkole wā o ka manawa, e pakele no ka ohana o na pilikia maʻi i nosema nalo meli. kona lapaʻau mea mana loa ka wā hoʻohana antibiotic "fumagillin-B."

Kumu askosferozom maʻiʻaʻai

Kēia maʻi ke kumu o ka fungus i loko o ka hive Ascosphaera apis. He pepehi i ka hapanui larvae o drones ma ka makahiki o 3 e 4 lā. Maʻiʻaʻai ia lŘlŘ ma ka pā integument. Larvae me germinated fungus ma luna o lākou kino lilo aku i ko lakou elasticity, make a me ka maloo. Hoʻonāukiuki aku kēia fungal ano maʻi e hiki:

• ohana nawaliwali;

• hoʻolōʻihiʻia ka huʻihuʻiʻana ma kiʻekiʻe humidity.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE symptoms o ka maʻi

Hoakaka mea he hive iho mailoko o askosferozom ke ma ka i kēia pā:

• nuipa mortalities o larvae ma hope o ka hope moult;

• "Rattling" hookani sila aeee (ma muli o ka maloʻo larvae).

Pehea e hana askosferoz

Help fungus iho mailoko o Ascosphaera apis hive i IeAUPIIe, IAa IO ma dressings insect kōpaʻa i loaʻa me ka pauka, e hoʻomākaukau ai "nystatin". Oe ke kuai ia ma ka kipa aneane kekahi hale kūʻai beekeeping. He hoi he laau maikai no keia maʻi ua noʻonoʻo yarrow (he lepo lā hoopuehuia ma na alanui).

maʻi Kāohi

I mea e pale aku i ka laha ana o kekahi maʻiʻaʻai, ka apiary, o ka papa, e mua like me nā koi o ka sanitation a me kou niho. I ka poe nā:

• ka pololei i hoʻokomo 'o ka hapanui o ka apiary;

• kona papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika disinfection;

• kou niho e ai ana.

Pehea e waiho aku i ka apiary pono

Ka loa, he pono ole nalo hopeʻeha maʻi a me kā lākou mau symptoms, a me kā lākou hana - keia mea i kekahi mea me a mākou i hana ma luna o ka au mamuli. Akā, o ka papa, e aho e ho'āʻo i ka pale maʻiʻaʻai i loko o ka apiary i nā mea a pau, ma mua o ka ho'āʻo e puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi ia. Hoku Welowelo nalo meli, mai loohia i e, me, a koho i ka wahi pono i loko o ka hives. Hookupaa ohana e pani mua i ka meli ohi, i loaʻa ka oleʻawahia Nine Inch a me nā waiwai nā palapala i nā mea kolo.

Ke kahahńnai o Pasechnaya ?? eoi? Mea nō kāu 2-3 ei. Kēia wahi, ma ka hou ana i ka waiwai meli ohi, e ke wehewehe aku ma ka wa e kaawale aku o ka hiki laha o ka maʻi foci:

• nui kino o ka wai;

• nui alanui;

• farmyards.

kou niho hanai ana oia i

I ka hooilo, kau i ka nalo meli uwe o 25-30 kg o ka meli. ¶ A i loko o ka hive e e noho i loko o kekahi dala e lawa pollen. I ke kauwela o ka nalo meli e hōʻoia 'maʻalahi komo i ka wai. E nininiʻoe ia mea i loko o IeAUPIIe, IAa IO Ua hoʻouka kekahi ma ka hive kūikawā inu bola.

disinfection

Kēia ke kaʻina hana no ua hana loa pinepine i loko o ka haule ana, ma hope o ka flyby. Malalo e disinfect a pau o ka metala a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau, me hives lakou ia lakou iho. Ka mua a pau mea e e hana, hamo i ka suds. Hope hoomakaukau e nā kapuahi lehu pāʻoihana (HR. Wai 1 HR. 2). E hoʻomaka Kāohiʻana o infectious maʻi i loko o ka apiary i kekahi nalo meli ia e kipa i ka hale kūʻai, a kūʻai i formalin pāʻoihana (1%) ole iodine monochloride (1%). Hives, mahope o koʻu holoi ana me kekahi o kēia mau Luna i hoolilo i ka tarmac. Auhea ka mea, ua maloʻo, a laila, e kakau iho i ka mea maoli iapaau ana e pepehi pathogens mea.

Disinfection hives, metala a me ka laau e kakau mai nō kāu i ka läÿau, o ka hydrogen peroxide (10%), a formicʻakika (0.5%). Aaioee mea e paka palua maʻanuʻu o 1 HR. E hoomakaukau ai no ke kākoʻo pāʻoihana loaʻawa me ka lako a me hives. Mahope o 4 chasa holoi nā mea a pau i hana 'ikamu i ka wai.

Eia hou kekahi, e pale aku i ka laha ana o infectious maʻi i loko o ka apiary Akuma ka pono, e lawe mai disinfection a me ka lepo ma lalo o ia mau hives, ma i nā mea maʻi i ike ia ma ke kauwela o ka nalo meli. Ma keia hihia, he Hekikai (38%) i ka uku o ka 5 kg no 1 m ahalike. Ka lapaau ana i kēia 'o ia hoʻi ka lepo e eli iho ai i ka hohonu o ka 5 knm.

kahi o ka hopena

Pela, ua loaʻa mai mākou mea i ka loa e like me ka maʻi o ka nalo meli. A me ka pono e lawe mai i ko lakou lapaau a me ka Kāohiʻana e like me kekahi mau loea. Puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi i ka maʻiʻaʻai i loko o ka beehive ana ma nā antibiotics a me ka lawe ia'ku, disinfection. Ua hiki ke hoʻohana 'ia ka hakakā nalo hopeʻeha maʻi a me ka poʻe laau. Eia naʻe, hoʻohana 'ia' ana i kūpono e holo nōhie wale me he adjunct e lapaʻau he nui aku kona mana hanalima hoomakaukau.