Business, Mahiai
Beekeeping hana - ia ia mea e pono ai? Waiwai no ka beekeeping. beekeeping papa
Creation i ka 1814 Lūkini beekeeper P. I. Prokopovichem kapiliia beehive i hiki i ka palapala noi ma ka hana ana i ka naauao nalo hopeʻeha hoʻopaʻahao, ki ina hana like. Ma hope ana mai o ka hapa mua o ka 19th kenekulia, ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole oʻimi hoʻopunipuni waihona meli (I. Mehring, Germany) a me ka extractor (F. Hruska, Czech Lepupalika) wehe i ke ala no ka hanalima beekeeping.
A manawa pōkole moʻolelo
I ka haneri makahiki e hiki mai ana, i ka haka ai beehive mahope ousted papa, kāhiko a me ka punana poho. Paipai 'ana i holomua kāu kiʻina hana a me nā' ana i kūpono 'ole i loko o ka poʻokela chemist AM Butlerov, beekeepers-enthusiasts I. E. Shavrov, S. K. Krasnoperov.
Ma Rusia, hanalima beekeeping i waho me he kuokoa lālā o ka mahiai i ke aloha a hiki i ka hoʻoikaikaʻana o ka loea hoʻokuhikuhi, kanaka moʻolelo nūpepa a me ka mea aʻo Aberahama Evlampievich Titova - ". Beekeeping hana" i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā a me ka lōʻihi-makahiki hoʻoponopono o Hooeueuia lakou e na palapala a me ka laʻana o America ka alakai pchelopromyshlennika Amos Mamo, i ka 1911 ma ke kauhale Borshchagovka Kiev mokuna Titov hoʻokumu i ka mua aupuni a pau i loko o ka apiary-hoʻoulu. Ma mua o ka OkatobaʻOiʻenehana ua ma kahi o 200 o beekeeping ahahui, he 15 hana kūikawā periodicals.
Ka mea opiopio Soviet Lepupalika Aberama Evlampievich hana mau noiʻi a me ka? Iecaianoaaiiuo hana e like me ke poo o ka Izmailovo mana apiary. E like me ka papahana ma 1929 ma ka Hōʻole akula Hikina, i ka mua beekeeping aina i hanaiaʻi o laua. Ma mahope makahiki, i kēia mau poʻe hoomaka kā lākou hana ma Central Asia, Kabardino-Balkaria, i loko o ka Kuban.
Hawaii moku'āina
Aʻole ka mea momona a ala loli i ka hana'opi o ka Soviet Union. Pilikua o ka moku'āina aina a me ka hanalima hana i eliminated. Beekeeping hana i loko o Rusia apuepue hou mai i ka nalowale honua, akā, me ka mana a me ka hoopau hana ana oiai ka mea, aole e hiki ke olelo aku.
An kaʻenaʻena nele, e hoʻoikaika 'i ka loio i ka hoomalu, a me ka hoʻokumu o ka nui-pālākiō hoʻomalu hooponopono. Aia He He shortage o ka lahui palapala hōʻoia no nā limahana no ka beekeeping, pono a me ka pīhoihoi man- akia, ka poe hiki ke hanu hou ke ola i loko o ka hana.
I ka nele o ka'ano'ē hou o ka mea a me ka oaoieei kumu. E hana i loko o ka apiary e e hiki mechanized a me ka hana nona iho, e oiaio no, he maikaʻi hopena ma luna o hoʻoulu? Iecaianoaaiiuo puke a me nâ Lūkini nalo hopeʻeha huahana ma luna o ka honua market. Ke aupuni i ka 'auhau a me ka waiwai e oust hana kanaka nunui: US, Australia, Canada.
Size mau mea?
Wale ina ka unahiʻole, i mea okoa, mai aeoaeuneiai kalepa beekeeping? Like no kekahi? Iecaianoaaiiie, kona papa kuhikuhiE Pahuhopu mea he i kā mākou ia auoiaea o ka waiwai koi e like ai (ka meli a me nā huahana) me ka palena iki mea a me ka manawa koina. Ka mea nui wale ololi 'ō ka puka waiwai a me ka ulu - specialization a me ka lehulehu.
Lehulehu hoʻohuʻu nalo hopeʻeha aina mailaila aku a hiki i ka kaʻoi loa Ana. Waiwai aina Pono e komo i ka palena iki o 500 nalo hopeʻeha panalāʻau.
Specialization ua ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka climatic ciia:
- Ka hema wahi o ka aina - razvedencheskoe kuhikuhi (haawi AEeAaOA nalo meli, wāhine aliʻi).
- Aole loa East, Urals District - ka meli (ka meli, mahuahua).
- Aole loa North - pollination (pollinating na hua ma ka hale hoʻoulu mea kanu eiiieaenu), a me kekahi poe e ae.
Eia hou, e ke kanaka me keʻoʻoleʻa kūlanaʻano a me ka unification a pau māhele o ke kaʻina kaula (ʻia a me ka pono, hale, a me nā kiʻina hana 'ana i kūpono). Ma na aoao, i ka pomaikai o ka hana hilinaʻi nui ma ka pololei i waeia o ka nalo meli ole, a hoʻomāhuahua ai? Aneii. Aina "ke kanaka - i ka nalo hopeʻeha" maopopo rationalized, ka mea, aole wahi kaawale no ka "Lei" - wale i ka pāʻoihana nui.
beekeeping ulu ciia
Mai ke ao a me ka hooholo i ka Loaʻaʻia ka leo o ka meli o nā kumu waiwai mau, kona accessibility, i ka pololei i waeia o ka mau o ka specialization o ka hoʻokele waiwai hilinaʻi nui ma luna o kona ka puka waiwai a me ka holomua? Acaeoey.
Na ululaau o Tatarstan, Bashkortostan a me ka Primorsky Teritori i ka meli kanu kekahi mauʻano likeʻole ka papa kuhikuhi o ka puna. Ma ka loa 'ano makahiki medosbor hiki a hiki mai i ka 20 kg no ohana.
Alone ka meli kumu waiwai e ole ae i ka mahi beekeeping ma ka hanalima me ka unahiʻole. He aha pono e hoʻololi i kino i ka a me ka hana?
hanalima beekeeping enehana
I ka hoʻohana 'ana i kūpono o ka holomua o ka? Aneii nalo meli mea hiki wale nō i ka nui apiaries (500 mau ohana), ma ka pono o ka mechanization, e lawe mai tangible hopena. Ka oi loa aku kou mana i ka pau 'ole o ka aina apiary ua maheleia i loko o aneiai naehana (500-600 hives), a no kela a me keia paa me ka palapala hōʻoia no Hope, līkaia no i ka mea pono a me na mea paahana, (beekeeper hoopii, he puhi paka, he chisel, a pela aku ..). Ma hope o ka hooilo, a me ka huikalaʻana flyby o ka nalo meli lawe mai ma luna o ka kumu o ka iniiaiie aaioee mokuna a me ka lawe ana ma luna o ka pūnāwai kīpē (i hou aku 100 hives no wahi). Ma ke kikowaena kūʻai 'hiki wale ka hana hou i pa alima (2-3 kanaka), a me ka mālama i loko o ka maikai ana ec e kakau mai a me ka lako a pan no ka beekeeping.
No ka mea, a pau o ka apiary mea he hookahi pūʻulu mālama'ōnaehana me ka hoemi helu o examinations i ka wa pono. Sri beekeeping hoʻomalu hana na kēia mau palena iki hana (incidentally ua kūponoʻia poe ikaika no lakou mau ohana, e haawi uniformity):
- Hao ke nana a me ka hānai nalo meli
- ho okumu i ke kua,
- ka holo ana pōʻeleʻele loa a me nā hale,
- koho o marketable ka meli, oki kau,
- makaukau no ka hooilo.
E hoonoho i ka lā no ka nana wale 10-20 nalo hopeʻeha panalāʻau apiary, lawe i loko no o ka hoike ana o ke ana hive. E koho i ka bedrock nalo meli makemake emi roylivoy loa hoʻomāhuahua ai, a me ka loa hakuloli i kūloko ana.
Iloko o ka manawa, e hoonohonoho i ka liʻiliʻi 3-4 halihali apiary i flowering melliferous aina, e mahuahua ka puka waiwai.
Material a oaoieei kumu
No ka mea kikowaena aina i koho wahi me nā pono ', a me ke kōkua o alanui maikai. Aina hale (ka papa kuhikuhiE? Iecaianoaaiiie āpana, sotohranilische, winterer) e e waiho ma ka nānaina o ka oluolu hana, i hoʻolako pono me ka kaʻa ramps a me ka hookiekie ana i na mea maalea. Power o ulia kaʻa a me kaʻa kauō Park e hoʻolako i ka poʻe e pono ai ma ka aina amo.
I ka wā i hoʻolako pono me ka apiary e kālele ana ma luna o ka poʻe uʻi a o na hives. Ka mea pono i ka hae Ana a me interchangeable oihana mua (hale noho, pōʻeleʻele loa, nā mōlina no beehives). Ka nele no ka ikaika a me ka Lightweight manao e hiki hoole aku hai pēpēʻana manipulations i pēpēʻana a me migrations.
Ma na mea pono kuaiia beekeeping pono, lako a pan no ka mechanized pumping ka meli, voskopererabatyvayuschee? Ieaoa (lua kaomi waina, centrifuges, mahu nā mīkini uila).
Eia naʻe, he nui nā huahana no beekeeping, hooku iho la ia ia ma ke kuai i kēia lā i obsolete. Pinepine, e haʻalele nā kānakaʻenehana poe e remodel a upgrade na lako a pan. No ka laʻana, no ka makaukau o ka meli-kō nā paʻi hua hoʻohana hanalima wili mīkini no dispensing malakeke - Hoʻololi 'pyatidesyatiramochnaya extractor, a pela aku ...
hana hui
Ma nui beekeeping hana i palahalaha ae mahele hana ma i kela a me keia o ka apiary, i loaʻa mai ka 500 a hiki i 1000 mau ohana, nā limahana poe hana o 2-6 kanaka ua loaa. More mākaukau a me ka hoao ana i ka 'Oihana hoonoho hui luna a me ka mea financially kuleana. Me ka pomaikai o ka hana mau ano o ka hana:
- hana alu like 'ana. I ka lawe ana mai nui-unahiʻole, i hana (halihali apiary, ka meli pumping) no ka hana ana a me ka mea e like ai i nā huahelu hui pu ihoʻole.
- Ka mahele o ka hana. Kēlā me kēia hana, e automatism hāpai hana i kekahi kaʻina hana (e laʻa me, i hooikaikaia i ka paa mōlina) - paha ke he haka hoʻomōhala.
E hoʻoikaika ka hoʻokōʻana, kēlā me kēia loulou ua hoonohoia kekahi mau rula i ikaika helu mahina o ka auaiaea, consumables a me ka lako a pan. Advantageously hana hoʻohuiʻiaʻoihana kahuna, a me nā hana (beekeeper O Keaukaha kaʻa kauō; beekeeper - nä lälä, etc.).
Beekeeping hana mea hiki ole mau aʻo a me ka retraining ana o nā limahana. ? Iecaianoaaiiuo papa - ka loa ho'āmana i ke ano o ka oo. Ka mea, i paa i loko o ka hooilo papa kiʻekiʻe holoholona technician ana me ke komo ana o na kumu, mai hana kūikawā kula.
Maʻanuʻu pūʻali koa i mea kekahi pūʻulu o nā haumāna i loko o ka beekeeping papa (ʻimi naʻauao papa, a me ka hana pono) no ka Mahiai Academy. Timiryazev Halau o Biotechnology. Scriabin (Moscow) ma ka Perm kumu kiʻina aʻo University Pskov Agronomy College.
Ano o nā huahana a me ke kūʻai akuʻana nīnūnē
Ka hopena o ka hana a ka mea hana i ka hōʻikeʻike i ka hou ana i? Iecaianoaaiiie, aia nō he wahi lihi iki o ka oicyenoaaiiie pilikia.
Over 80% o ka aina loaa makahiki kona, mai ke kuai ana o marketable ka meli, e pili ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau waiwai i, ua ike pono mai ka wa kahiko. ua hoi aku la i ka hana mahuahua koi like me ka maka mea i loko o ka metallurgical, HW a me ka pai ana i na hana, akā, kaʻana like 'ana i ka liona ka o ka huahana (70%) i loko o ka palapala o kaʻimi hoʻopunipuni kauwahi waihona meli.
Nui me ke koe o ka hana ka puka waiwai moe i loko o ka ulu ana o ka 'ike loea hou no ka pūnaewele a me ka aaioee o propolis, pollen, nalo hopeʻeha ino a me ka pollen, aliʻi jelly a me ka homogenate drone larvae mea i hoʻohana i nā mea hoʻonani, a pharmaceuticals.
Eia hou kekahi, hana razvedencheskogo kuhikuhi waiwai hana, a me ka meli iho - mai i ka 50% o ka waiwai hoʻokele waiwai o ka Hema Rusia, mai ka kuai aliʻi wahine a me nā pūʻolo helu.
Haole, e kōkua iā mākou?
No ka haole pāʻoihana Beekeeping ua wehewehe aku e kiʻekiʻe productivity a me ka intensification o? Iecaianoaaiiuo. Loio a me ka logistical aku ana i maikaʻi no ka pono a me ka hana o ka maʻamauʻano o ka enehana a me ka pono, a, me he hopena - ka a pau ikaika kaʻaeʻana me ka kūwaho hoʻi mau hae o na huahana.
No ka mea Lūkini Manufacturers e e pono keia mau mea ka hoao ana Junior counterparts. Auana nalo meli ia panalāʻau ma ka'āina ma luna o ke ao nei awelike hualoaʻa ma ka oi ma mua o nā manawaʻelua.
Paʻa nui ana i ka hana hou, a? Anoe? O ka laulā o ka poe hua nā huahana no beekeeping. Ma ke kuai akomi halepaahao laina pai a me ka pumping meli centrifuges a me poʻina nalu, pono no ke kālailai i ka pono o ka meli. I leʻaleʻa noonoo ana a hiki i trifles: hoopii beekeeper "Makai Nui" o ke Denemaka poe "Svente" He kiʻekiʻeʻano o ka hoomaluia mai, oluolu, mea paʻa.
Ka manaʻolana 'ia o ka? Acaeoey. HOU ma beekeeping
Paʻi me ka Western counterparts hiki e i ka hooulu ana o ka limahana o ka Ryazan Mahiai University ma ke kahua o ka mechanization a me ka mea hou ano o ka aaioee huahana beekeeping hana, me:
- enehana a me ka lako a pan no ka pōʻalo a me ka maloʻoʻana beebread,
- eiiieaena, i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, a koiʻana iā o propolis,
- Food enehana ma ka hanai ana pasty mahuahua iwi.
Ka hapa nui o ka lako a ano e holo ana ma i? Iecaianoaaiiuo. Technology 'Imi makaikai i nalo hopeʻeha aina.
Good ka manaʻolana 'ia e pili ana i ka hoʻohana' ana i kaʻimi hoʻopunipuni ea waihona meli, kū hoʻokahi, ke hives (mai ka hoomaka polystyrene a me kekahi papa o ka hua), ka hoʻohana 'ana o ke kiʻi ho film, e hoomahuahua i ka ikaika o ka nalo hopeʻeha panalāʻau.
Ka hoʻokahuli aupuni huahana ohi enehana i wahahee e'Aukekulelia beekeepers. Ma ka naau o ka mea - he pono hou manao no ka haka ai o ka nalo hopeʻeha hives, a me ka "hale". I ka wa e hoopiha mai ana i ka waihona meli meli e wehe i ka piula wai, a me ka huina hoonui wale kahe ana i loko o ka lima o ka 'auhau o ka beehive.
Ua kaumaha ana i ka puu o ka manaʻo a me nā 'ana i kūpono, i kekahi manawa aneane absurd. A no ia, e lawe no kona aa, a, e pōmaikaʻi ai beekeepers a me beekeeping, wale nō manawa e hai aku.
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