Russian hehi no?: Papa

I ka mea o kēia au nei, ua pinepine poina e pili ana i ka puni ano, e nana nui a me ka oi ana o ka mea, i kela makahiki. Ka Uluwehi o ke kulanakauhale, e kūkulu hou motorways, pau ka mākou ola maoli a me ka nani Landskap. Ke kūlana o ka mālama 'ana o maoli flora a? Aaoa i apo akuk ai kūikawā nā panalāʻau e - a Lonoikamakahiki. I ko makou aupuni, ua hana oi ma mua o ka haneri hoomaluia wahi, ano me ke koe a me prairie Rusia noho nui i wahi ma kēia kahua.

He aha mea he hookoe?

Reserve hilahila i kekahi hapa kokoke (a me ka wai), i loko i ua waiho waho a pau ma kona ano maoli eiiieaena i piha, a kūlohelohe ano.

Moʻolelo manaʻo i ka mea mua ho'āʻo o? Aneie hoopakele i Ua hoʻi i loko o ka III kenekulia BC, ma Sri Lanka. Ua ua malaila mea i paʻiʻia ka loa mua i loko o ke ao ana o ke kānāwai ma luna o ka 'ohana ka palekana o ke wildlife. Ka mua 'āpana me heʻahahui kūlanaʻikeʻia i loko o ka XIII kenekulia ma Ifriqiya, ka wā o ka mamo aliʻi Hafsid pāpā ma ioioie? I loko o ka wahi o kekahi o na aieou.

Mai ke kuanaʻike o Contemporary Lūkini kānāwai, Lūkini noho maoli me ke koe - i hana 'epekema kulanui hoʻokumu i ka malama a me ka hoʻopaʻa haʻawina i ka keʻano o ka hanaʻana maoli a me ka? Aneeo nenoai.

Pahu hopu a me nā Pahuhopu

All Lūkini hoomaluia ano me ke koe iā lākou iho i ka ia Pahuhopu:

1. Preservation o ka'ōewe loko o flora a me? Aaoa.
2. Ka mālama 'ana o nā kaiaola maoli ano hoopono.
3. Malama ana i ke 'ano o ka mea kanu a me nā holoholona ka noho' ana.
4. Manaʻo o ka noiʻi i loko o vivo.

All aupuni nā wahi ulu lāʻau i loko o Rusia, aʻaʻole wale nō i loko o Rusia, kūkuluʻia ma luna o ka mea hookahi rula. I kā lākou 'ole hiki ke maheleia i loko o ka papa kuhikuhiE cii ekolu:

• Malama i ka Kora naʻEsau;
• aooa? (sf) ciia;
• hoomaluia ciia (ka hoʻololi ma waena o ka mea maoli hookoe a me ka pili pu unprotected like).

A me ka nui me ke koe o Rusia a me ka mea uuku i like me ka 'ole. Mau cii ekolu i ano o ka hale o kekahi alii a me ka nui.

I ka moolelo o Lūkini ano me ke koe

Aneane pau Lūkini me ke koe, aʻo nā inoa 'oe e loaʻa i loko o kēia' atikala, kekahi aoao ai kekahi, i ka mōʻaukala lōʻihi o kona kumu.

Ka mua ia ciia i loko o Rusia i hana i ka 1917. Ua Barguzinsky hookoe ma Buryatia. Hope o ka papa inoa o ka aina ka hoomaluia wahi ua wale a hoʻopiha nō. Na mea nui me ke koe o Rusia like Astrakhan, me ka Caucasus a me Ilmensky hiki ke wahi no hoi a hiki i ka hānau mua. ikea a pau o ia mau mea i loko o ka 20s o ka iwakalua kenekulia. Akā, i ka muli loa hiki ke noonoo hookoe "Utrish", i i hoʻokumu i ka 2010. Eia hou, i ka manawa i hiki i 2020 ka mea, ua? Oaony e ho okumu i ka hou 11 hou hoomalu wahi i loko o Rusia.

Me ke koe o Rusia: papa inoa o ka hehi me ke koe

Like o 2014 ma ka Russian Hui, he 103 ano me ke koe. I mai la lakou a pau kūlana 'he iauae ieiuaae o 340.000ʻahā like kilomika. Kēia mea he nui wahi ana e hoohalikeia me ka wahi o ka Hawaii Europa, e like me Finland hiki.

O keia helu, 11 ke ano maoli me ke koe hiki e wahi ana i ka hehi. Mākou helu kēia mau me ke koe o Rusia. Papa Inoa o ka waihoia ma lalo:

• Astrakhan,
• "Belogorye"
• Voroninsky,
• Voronezh,
• White-naped,
• East-Ural,
• "Galichya Mountain"
• Orenburg,
• Rostov,
• "Volga hehi"
• "Black Honua".

All Lūkini me ke koe, ka inoa o ka i mea i makemake ai, hāʻawi i ke Kuhina o Natural Resources a me nā hana. Elua o ia - ka hikina-Urals a "kaikamahine Mountain" - hoʻokuleana i nā keʻena ma lalo nei.

Ke kŰia o ka Lūkini hehi

Russian hehi - ia mea kū hoʻokahi a me ka hanana maoli kŰia. Lūkini hehi me ke koe, a me kā lākou hihiu mauʻu wanawana a hihipeʻa kēia silvery'ahuʻula mauu, e hoohalike ai i ka lio o ka Mane.

Interestingly, i ka manaʻo o ka pili ana ia hoomaluia wahi originated ia i loko o ka hehi. Poʻokela lepo nä känaka 'epekema a me ka agronomist Vasily Dokuchaev olelo e pili ana i keia e pono hoʻokahi haneri makahiki aku nei. Aka hoi, i hookoe i ole ola i loko o Rusia ma ka hehi ciia o i ka 90-ies. Ka mea mua i ka Orenburg hehi hookoe, i i hoʻonohonoho ma ka Initiative o Alexander Alexandrovich Chibilova i ka 1989.

Hehi hookoe "Orenburg"

Iʻikeʻia i loko o May 1989, i keia la e uhi i ka wahi o ka ma 21 tausani aa.

Hehi hookoe "Orenburgsky" mai nā 'eha hookaawale mau mea:

• Talovskaya hehi
• Burtinskaya hehi
• Aytuarskaya hehi
• Aschisayskaya hehi (ka nui aina kahi o 7.200 aa).

I loko o kēia wahi 'oe e ike ole wale i ka untouched hehi. He nui no hoi na mea he nui hulikoehana kia hoʻomanaʻo i VII-III kenekulia BC. Kēia puʻu Sarmatian moʻomeheu.

Ke aniau - maloo a me ka Hawaiian. Ka makahiki ka mahana o 2,5 degere centigrade, a me ka awelika makahiki ii iai mea negligibly uuku - mai ka 250 a hiki i 350 mm o. Ma ke degere o wetting ka wahi hiki e maluhia wahi i ka kalaka nui-waonahele no hoi ia.

O ke koena flora mea like: he mea 14 laha 'o ka fungi, 150 laha' o ka lichen, 8 laha 'o ka limu, a 1.350 laha' o vascular mea kanu. No emi waiwai a me? Aaoa o ka wahi: 48 laha 'o mammals, 193 laha' o nā manu, 6 laha 'o ka iʻa, 526 laha' o nā'ūhini lele me a me 184 laha 'o ka punawelewele. Ka ?? eoi? Ua nohoia ka hapanui mauu-ho'āno hehi, ma luna o nā kumu o ka puu i hana pohaku hehi, a ma luna o Saline lepo - wao pono a me ke kaiaulu.

Ma ke koena, aia nō ma kahi o elua kakini kanu i heluʻia i loko o ka Book Red o Rusia. Ua nui na holoholona Russian hookoe "Orenburg" e i ka Red Book. Iwaena o lakou hehi nalo hopeʻeha, pohaku manu curlew, Balaban, gulaʻaeto, hehi aito, bustard a me ka lāʻau, a 'Eulopa Beaver.

"Belogorye"

Russian hehi me ke koe - ia mea he maoli waiwai o ko mākou'āina. Kekahi o ka no? "Belogorye" i loko o ka Belgorod'āina, i nā lā hoʻi i ka makahiki 1924. Alaila, kii aku la ia i ka "Forest o ka Vorskla muliwai," a ma ka makahiki 1999 i ana aʻei loko o ka hou hoomalu ana o ka ?? eoi? Ma lalo o kona keia inoa.

Ua hoomaluia wahi mea he hoʻonaʻauao iauaeoia iao? A? Aneie o pekelala manaʻo nui. Kona manao - e malama a me ka piha study o ka hana kūlohelohe a me kaʻike manaʻo i loko o ka nahele-hehi ciia, e like me ka mālama o kanaka? Ueo a me ka noho 'ana o nā flora,? Aaoa a me nā kaiaola ma kaʻaoʻao hema o ka Central Russian Upland.

Ka mokuna o ka no? "Belogorye" mai nā 'elima hookaawale pauku, a i ke aupuni' i ekolu apana o ka māhele 'āina. Ua mau mea e kukaʻi:

• Forest ma ka Vorskla,
• Izgorya pa,
• Ohule Hills,
• Yamskaya hehi,
• Ostrasevy na awawa.

Ke iauae ieiuaae o "Belogoriya" He 2131 aa.

Loko o ke koena, nä känaka 'epekema Aia i 149 kekahi mau laha' o nā manu, e like me kahi o 370 laha 'o vascular mea kanu. ? Aaoa ua poe ma 50 ano o mammals, 15 laha 'o ka iʻa, laha' o nā mea kolo, a me 6 9 ke ano o amphibious holoholona.

Reserve "Voroninsky"

Nui me ke koe Rusia,ʻo nui helu o iauaeoia oo? Ecia a me naturalists. One ua Voroninsky hookoe ke aupuni 'ma ka nahele ciia Tambov māhele' āina. Ua Ua hanaia i ka 1994, e hoomalu aku i ka ulu lāʻau hehi nenoai o Central Rusia. Na iauae ieiuaae - oi ma mua o 10,000 aa, ka no? Ua aia i loko o 40 kilomika o ana o ka moa Valley River.

'Ole Voroninsky hookoe kikowaena elua nui he mau huhui - nahele "Inzhavinskaya" a me ka "Kirsanovsky" a he umi hou ho'ākāka' ana hoʻii uuku wahi.

ʻO ka manaʻo o ka e pili ana i kēia wahi heʻahahui āpana waiwai e kekahi iluna Semenov Tian-Shanskii ikeia Lūkini hana kemika. I ke kakahiaka nui iwakalua kenekulia,ʻo ia i mōhai aku i ka hoʻonohonoho 'aneʻi i ka ai-kapaia "uromny Park" (uremia - he kūikawā kaiakahinalii-papu nahele). He ke ao a me ka hoihoi hou ia ana o keia ulu lāʻau o ka papa hana o kaʻiʻo nō o kēia caiiaaaieea.

Naʻe, ka mea maoli mea hiki hana ma luna o ka ulu o ka caiiaaaiiai manaʻo hoomaka wale i loko o ka hopena o 80-ies o XX kenekulia. A na makana nui a hiki i ka hui ana o ka caiiaaaieea no i Voroninsky poe akamai i Regional Museum, a Tambov kumu kiʻina aʻo Institute.

I ka lā, i ke koena i ke kino ekolu oo? Enoe?: ". Hoomaluia alanui" "Inzhavino-Barska Mountain", "hoomaluia Lake" a me ka

Kekahi o ka mea maikai Hawaii Voroninsky hookoe o ka ai-kapaia ohule Mountain - i kekahi mea e like me ka wini kakala o ka Volga uka. 'ōʻo ia i ka mea, he pili kiekie o ma kahi o 50 mau mika. A hiki i keia la ua uhiʻia i ka mauna me kaʻimi hoʻopunipuni nahele kalana, ma mua o kona ua maoli "kahi", a nolaila, hoopaa iho la kona inoa. Ma ke ala, i keia mauna mea he hōʻailona o Inzhavino kauhale.

Kekahi attraction o ka caiiaaaieea no - kekahi hanana wilou ulu kokoke i ke kauhale Semenovka. Kona mau makahiki - oi ma mua o 150 makahiki. Eia naʻe,ʻaʻole wale nō kēia kaulana wilou ulu, no ka mea, ka mea i kākauʻia, hoʻokahi nō ka artist kaulana Mstislav Dobuzhinsky. A, ano, ke kiʻi ua waiho ia ma ka Museum o London. Eia naʻe, i kēia lā koena wale no keia Willow Grove - Ua luku nui nā kumu lāʻau i ke kaua, a me ka hopena o ka barbaric hana i loko o ka 90s.

"Rostov"

, Heʻe piʻoloke ihola a manawa a me kona nani hehi me ke koe o Rusia! I ka 1995, ma ka Rostov māhele o Rostov Reserve i hoʻokūpaʻa, eia nae na preconditions no kona hui ua i loko o ka weuweu XIX kenekulia. Ka manaʻo e hana iʻaneʻi i ka hehi hookoe laila, kāheaʻia nä känaka 'epekema Vasily Dokuchaev, ka mea i hoolilo i ka hailonaʻana o ka manawa, a no ka hoʻopaʻa haʻawina i ka kūloko hehi Landskap ke kākoʻo' ana.

Rostov Reserve, ua pekelala kūlana haʻahaʻa a me kona mau hooponopono. Ua maupaʻa eha hookaawale mau mea, i ka iauae ieiuaae o ka oi ma mua o 9 aa.

Loko o ke koena, nä känaka 'epekema helu 410? Ueo o vascular mea kanu - ka hapanui kiliala, legumes, Asteraceae a me clove. Hereʻoe ke loaʻa 4 ano o peas, kekahi mau laha 'o ka hulu mauu, kamelo mea oioi. Ulu i loko o ke koena, a me ka laha 'helu i loko o ka Red Book: ka tulip Schrenk, dwarf iris, hulu mauu, a me ka' ē aʻe? Ueo.

"Black Honua"

Ka nui me ke koe ku Rusia a me kona mea kaupaona a me unspoilt aina o puupaa Landskap. Kekahi o ka mea nui i loko o ke aupuni o ka Biosphere Reserve me ka hana inoa "Black Honua", ma i i waiho ai i ke kūlana mau o ka Kalmyk hehi.

Ke hookoe i hoʻokumu 'ia i loko o Iune 1990. Na ka papa kuhikuhiE hana - e hoola i ka hehi a me kalaka nui-waonahele Landskap, e like me ka hoomalu ana o ke saiga heluna. Ke iauae ieiuaae o ka hoomaluia wahi - oi ma mua o 120 tausani aa. He noteworthy i ka 1993 o ka "Black Land" i loaa mai i ke kūlana o ka biosphere hookoe ma UNESCO.

Ke koena o ka flora ua poe like me ka hehi a me ka wao nahele? Ueo o ka mea kanu. Pela, ma ka one wahi e halawai pu me ke kamelo kākalaioa, lyme mauʻu, one sagebrush. Ma ka mokupuni o ka moana wai Manichev-Gudilo i steppes me ka aahu Lessing. Ulu iʻaneʻi a me ka pohihihi laha 'o nā mea kanu: cornflower Taliev a me tulip Schrenk.

Nā aaoa Ua kekahi poe e hehi, a kalaka nui-wao nahele? Ueo. Eia ka mea mau bipi hihiu, nui-puluʻaha hedgehog, uuku nou, jerboa. Loaʻa i loko o ka "ʻeleʻele aina" bandaging a me ka huali polecat. Ma nā makahiki, mahuahua ka iliohae heluna i loko o ke koena.

Pūnana ma luna o ka hookoe he nui helu o ka waterfowl. Kēia aa noketura, Oie, Dalmatian pelikana, hihiu Duck, oho Duck, pochard a me na mea e ae. Hoomaluiaʻaneʻi a typical hehi? Ueony o nā manu: bustard, lark, iki bustard, hehi aeto a me ka buzzard.

"Volga hehi"

"Volga hehi" - i no? I loko o ka Penza'āina, i nā 5 hookaawale mau mea:

• Poperechenskaya hehi
• Ostrovtsovskaya hehi
• Kuncherovskaya hehi
• Pine Forest ma Kadadah,
• Verhnesursky nahele wahi.

Ua Ua Aia i loko o ka hehi ciia o ka Middle Volga. Ke hookoe i hoʻokumu i ka 1989, e hoomalu aku i ka'ākau steppes a me ka ululaau. Ua huna i keia la i ka wahi o ka 8326 aa. "Volga hehi" - mea ole wale ke ano heʻahahui wahi. Ke hookoe Ua hoi ana pū ma ka 'epekema, ka noiʻi, a me ka hoʻonaʻauao? Aaoeiiiiai iacia hana. Naʻe, i ka papa kuhikuhiE Pahuhopu o "ka Volga hehi" o ka maluhia o flora a me? Aaoa, e like me kā lākou mau kanaka lunamakaainana, a pau nā kaiaola.

I "ka Volga hehi" Aia nō ma kahi o 860 laha 'o vascular mea kanu a hiki i ka lā (i kēia, ma ke alanui, 55% o ka laha' haku mele 'ana o ka Penza māhele flora). O kēia mau mea, 70? Ueo i ka pono o ka kūikawā maluhia, a he eiwa mea i heluʻia i loko o ka Book Red o Rusia. Kēia i nā meaʻehā o Stipa (hulu mauu, nani, opushennolistny a me ka hulu Zaleski), Fritillaria Russian, iris leafless, Cephalanthera rubra, epipogium leafless a me neottianta cucullata. 58 laha 'o nā mea kanu o ka caiiaaaieea no ua i hui pū i loko o ka Book Red o ke kula.

An hana hoihoi 'mea o ka tidara ulu hookoe ma Kadadah, a no laila,-kapaia "Borok", kokoke i ke kulanakauhale o Shatkino. Kuka āpana o ka tidara ulu ma luna o nā kapa o ka muliwai Kadadah - aneane 400 aa. Boron mea he luna 'oʻimi hoʻopunipuni tidara kalana a me ka lāʻauʻoka ululaau. Ka hapa nui o ka wahi ua ku e kekahi mea a me ka alder Swamp.

Kēia 'atikala ho'ākāka ka loa kaulana Lūkini me ke koe. Photos o kēia mau nani wahi o ko mākou'āina hiki i ke loaʻa 'aneʻi. I ko makou aupuni, ua hana oi ma mua o ka haneri hoomaluia wahi, a AIM e hoʻopale ai i ka puni 'ia, i ka hoomalu ana o maoli Landskap, hoihoi hou ia ana a me ka mālama' ana i kekahi holoholona, a kanu? Ueo. Eia hou kekahi, hoomaluia wahi a lawe mai hou pili i ka hoʻonaʻauao a me ka hoʻonaʻauao ma ka kanu kanaka i loko o Rusia ke aloha no ka ano. Ka hapa nui o na me ke koe no hoi, ua nui ianoa a oo? Loaʻaʻia, a me kekahi o ia mau mea a hiki ho'āʻo i? Ii ia ma ka ulu kūikawā oo? Enoe? A? Aneeo'ūlili.