Russian hoʻouku poʻe papa inoa, a me ka hana kū i ke au

Gordodobyvayuschie Lūkini poʻe nāna i hana i ka walaʻauʻana kaiaulu o ka hoʻokele waiwai. Hana hooulu ana i ka hale hānaiʻoihana, a me ka aina o ka kuokoa, mai na wahi kanaka.

honua kūlana kiʻekiʻe

Hawaiʻi nei, Rusia he nui me ke koe o nā minelala hao. Ma ka hooulu ana o ka mea pōhaku kumu waiwai o ka aina i ke alakai kulana i loko o ka global kuai. Nui laau mai i mau manaʻo i unambiguous alakaʻi, no ka mea hoike, i ka Russian Hui mai he poi pu alakaʻi i loko o ke ao nei kiʻekiʻe ma luna o ke koe nō o ka hao ka mea e hoohehee, akā, ka mea i haʻahaʻa hao maʻiʻo. ʻO ia kulana me ka titanium, ke tina, tungsten a me na mea he nui 'ē aʻe metala-i loaʻa nā minelala hao.

Ua i kekahi mai nōhie Norilsk kula, ma ka pono o ka extracted maka mea ua wehewehe aku ma kiʻekiʻe holo 'awelika. I kēia manawa, ua nui hoʻouku poʻe i loko o Rusia, a i ulu ka maka mea no ka? Iecaianoaaiiuo o nikala (20% o ka honua market), cobalt (10%), keleawe (3%). Me ka Norilsk mines ma luna o ka honua market hiki he nui ka nui o ka platinum, tellurium, palladium. E like me ka poe akamai, Norilsk ke koe nō, e mau no 30 makahiki.

Rusia produces 48 ano o ka mea pōhaku maka mea, aʻo ia ka luna ma lung i waena o 166 hoʻouku'āina. Ka hapa nui o ke kuai aku i komo i loko o nā'āina hana oi uku papa inoa - mai i 10 ano o nā minelala hao. Ke kaʻana like 'ana o nā Lūkini hoʻouku hana i loko o ke ao nei? Iecaianoaaiiie mea ma kahi o 10%, a leie aku, e noho ma ke kolu o ka kulana pane lākiō.

hana kū'ē'ē 'ana i

I ka papa kuhikuhiE pilikia o ka hoʻouku i loko o Rusia o ka nele o ke kahua hoʻonohonohoʻanaʻimi loa i ka lewa. A pau o ke aupuni, i ke kumuhana i loko o kēia wahi ua, ua hele mai 1966. ʻO kēia ka'ōnaehana o subsoil hoʻohana ma o na haku polokalamu,ʻaʻole e hoʻoulu noiʻi. E like me ka hopena o ka ulu hoʻoweliweli 'ana i ka hana a pau. Ka hapa nui o ka ike hoʻokomo kālā i mua ma luna o ka verge o exhaustion o ke koe nō, a hiki ke wehe i ka hou ole, a he mea ole n ieaie? Naau o ka 'epekemaʻimi loa i ka lewa.

Kēia kahua hele aku ai i ke kaukaʻi o metallurgical mea kanu ma mawaho na lako. Aluminum? Iecaianoaaiiuo i wahi lulu mea kanu mea pololei e kaukaʻi ma ka eiiiiiaiou. No ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia? Iecaianoaaiiuo pono bauxite a me ka alumina, pōʻalo i nā emi. Ke kaʻana like 'ana o ka iho bauxite mea 5-6 miliona na tona no ka makahiki o ka alumina - i ia 2,9 tona no ka makahiki, ia mea,ʻaʻole lawa no ka? Iecaianoaaiiuo nona iho. Helu o ka ho'ōla pānaʻi ai maka oukou ia mea i ke 5,3 miliona tona.

he mea i ka pilikia o ka haalele mahinaʻai, ma a ole waihona kālā i i e hoʻomōhala ole lawaʻimi loa i ka lewa o ka mea pōhaku kumu waiwai. Huina me ke koe o ka keleawe i loko o Rusia ua oaeuiinoe i 100 miliona tona. Ka nui loa e waiho ana o keia metala mea i loko o Hawaiian Siberia. E like me kaʻikepili Udokan kekahi mau ma kahi o 200 na tona o ka maka mea, akā, ka mea i aole hoʻoili. I? Acaeoey i nā māhele nui (October, Gaisky, Talnakhskoye) kahi laau e pono i ka hopena.

Ma na wahi hohonu o Rusia, he 10 tausani na tona o ke gula, akā, i ke kahua i loko o ka hana gula ma hope o ka mau LIKE. Hanalima e ulu ai me ka mākaʻi ma Natalka a Suhoy Eʻeʻe (1500 nā kana o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia no ka makahiki). Ke kaʻana like 'ana o ka Hōʻole akula Hawaiian District Helu no ka hapa nui o ke gula (i 58%). Hoʻomohala a me kaʻimi loa i ka lewa o ka hou hoʻokomo kālā ua i mākaʻi.

Ke kumu o ka hoʻokele waiwai

Hoʻouku poʻe i ka papa kuhikuhiE kumu o Rusia, ho okumu i ka aina o ka Bedroom. Na makana i GDP mea 60-70%, mahuahua waiwai hoʻolilo o ka maka mea a pau huahana e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka hoopiha ana i ka waihona kālā noaaeeecaoee o ka hoʻokele waiwai, a me ka moku'āina me ke koe. Ka hoʻouku hana - he lākou o na hana, a me:

• Pōʻalo o ka mea pōhaku a me ka ikehu lako (aila, ma kona ano maoli kinoea, peat, uranium, lanahu, etc.).
• Pōʻalo o ferrous a me nā mea hiki ke hooheheeia (hao e hoohehee ai, chromite, vanadium, molybdenum, etc.).
• Nonferrous metala i eliia (keleawe, ke tina, ke kēpau pōkā, kiniki, nikala, etc.).
• Pōʻalo o ka hoʻouku a me ka Nine Inch feedstock (apatite, potasiuma paʻakai, hao pyrite, phosphates, etc.).
• Pōʻalo hanalima maka mea no kela? Iecaianoaaiiuo pono ai (graphite, asbestos, chalk, limestone, palolo, māpala a me kekahi poe e ae.).
• Pōʻalo o makamae, kalaka nui-makamae, kalaka nui-he pohaku maikai (diamonds, gemstones, a no laila, ma luna o.).
• Hydromineral kuhikuhi (groundwater).

Russian hoʻouku poe i hanaʻia ma luna o ke kahua o ka? Acaeoey kumu waiwai. E hoʻokō i ka hana a me ka ho'ēmi i kumu māhele i ana kukulu luna 'o nā pāʻoihana. Mea hao i eliia pu concentrators, smelters a me ka luna 'nā pono nā papahana, me Luna Hooponopono no ka poe hana, alanui hookui ana, ikehu nenoai no ka hana o ka hanalima mea kanu.

nui hana

I keia la hana 24 nui hoʻouku poʻe. He Hoikehonua uhi i ka pau aina. A e alakai kūlana i loko o ka hana Radio Siberia, a me kaʻAʻole loa East.

He aha nō ka Lūkini hoʻouku poʻe? Ka papa Ua like penei:

• "Alrosa" (PAT) - ua aia i loko o ka Repubalika o Sakha, ha awina o ka pōʻalo o diamonds, ka puu o na wahi lulu kuai - 95% o ka nui o ka leo o koʻu mau heluʻai.
• Prospectors "Amur" Artel. Ka poʻe specializes i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o platinum, palladium.
• "ARMZ" JSC. Ka lehulehu specializes ma - hoʻouku o ka uranium i eliia.
• Goroblagodatsky hoʻouku Group. Ka poʻe hana i loko o ka ulu ana o ka luna 'hao-hao hoʻokomo kālā.
• JSC "Evrazruda" poepoe o ka aayoaeuiinoe -? Acaeoey o elima hao e hoohehee ai hoʻokomo kālā.
• "Kovdorslyuda" LLC. Ma ka manawa, ia mea i loko o ke kahua o ka panakalupa.
• JSC "kola metallurgical poe". Kahua o ka ha awina -? Iecaianoaaiiuo o non-ferrous i eliiaʻi a me ka kila.
• "Metalloinvest", ka hookumu ana o ka poe mea? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka hao i eliia, he hao a me kila.
• PJSC "Mechel" (lanahu hoʻouku, ole-ferrous a me ka ferrous ke hooheheeia, coking lanahu, thermal lanahu).
• Priargunsky PGHO. Specialization o ka hooulu ana o ka uranium-molybdenum a me ka uranium hoʻokomo kālā i loko o Zabaikalskiy māhele 'āina.
• UC RUSAL (? Iecaianoaaiiuo o alumina a me ka bauxite, Aluminum? Iecaianoaaiiie).
• GC "Russian platinum." Mau mea o ka ha awina --i? Iecaianoaaiiuo o platinum, palladium, eolota.
• MMC "Norilsk" (pōʻalo o nikala, keleawe, palladium, a me na mea e ae, i eliiaʻi, ole-ferrous ke hooheheeia).
• PJSC "Severstal", kekahi o ka mea nui loa e hana i loko o Rusia, ke kahua o ka ha awina o ka pōʻalo o ka lanahu, coking lanahu, hoʻouku a me aaioee o ka hao ka mea e hoohehee, metallurgical eiiieaena a me ka mea e hoohehee ai-ua kahikoia a nani mea kanu.
• AOA "Suala" (alumina, iniiaiie Aluminum, Aluminum me ka nānā 'oka a, etc.).
• JSC e paʻa ana "Sibplaz". Ka poʻe mau kuleana moe i loko o ka hoʻouku, Nine Inch, metallurgical a me ka? Ieoaeunoai nāʻoihana. Mālama 'ia ka noiʻi a me kaʻepekema hana.
• "Silvinit" (? Iecaianoaaiiie o potasiuma, potash? Iecaianoaaiiie, meaʻai aaioee a me ka hanalima paʻakai, etc.).
• Ke ami, aa aku "Mongolrostsvetmet". Specialization - ? Iecaianoaaiiie o ke gula, fluorite i eliia, hao e hoohehee ai ʻimi loa i ka lewa.
• Mine "Ehrdehneht" (kahua ulu molybdenum a me ke keleawe i eliia ua kahikoia a nani mea kanu, metallurgical kanu).
• CHEK-SU (hoʻouku o manganese i eliia Usinsk waihoia,? Ieoaeunoai o GOK).
• JSC "YATEC" poepoe o ka aayoaeuiinoe -? Iecaianoaaiiie o hydrocarbons, kinoeaʻimi loa i ka lewa.
• JSC «Kaliningrad Amber Plant" (hanalima-i? Iecaianoaaiiuo o Amber, jewelery).

Russian hoʻouku poe e hana ana ma ka huipūʻana me ka aaioee a me ka manufacturing? Iae.

Jobs

Jobs i loko o ka nui kaiaulu o ka hoʻokele waiwai mea mau ma laila. He nui ka poʻe kamaʻilioʻana, e komo i loko o hoʻouku hana i loko o Rusia. Jobs aneane mau wehe no Keaukaha o ia i kona kalaka a me ka hana kūikawā hana, paahana, aia no he mau shortage o ka palapala hōʻoia no welders. Jobs List ua hōʻano mau, a haawi mai i ka manawa i pau na moho, e kiʻi i ka makemake kulana.

Ka hapanui o nā hana i kia ma ka akau wahi o Rusia, ma ka hana ana, ua nui loa eiiieaena. Nā haku, ma ka hou ana i kiekie ae uku, e kaumaha i ka kūikawā haʻalele 'ana - naeaeaa iaoia o ka hana. Ke kiai hiki mau mai 15 lā i eono mahina, ma hope a ka limahana loaa piha ka uku no ka mea a pau manawa. O ka poe i hana mua ia ma keia ano, a me ka olelo ikaika e pili ana i ka hana i loaa, a ma luna o uku.