Senate a me Synod hale i loko o St. Petersburg: hōʻike manaʻo, nā wehewehena, mōʻaukala a me kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone

Kekahi o ka mea kupaianaha kuhikuhipuʻuone hanaia 'na o ke Northern kapikala ua manaoia e ia i ka hale o ke Senate a me Synod. Ma St. Petersburg, na hana mana he hale, nae keia o ka hope nui papahana o ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone kaulana Rossi Ua lilo i ka hōʻailona o ka hopena o classicism.

hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo

I mea, ia mea i kekahi, akā, mau hale, i ka mea, e hui ma lalo o kekahi inoa - i ka hale o ke Senate a me Synod. Ma St. Petersburg, ma mua o ka mau moku'āina hoʻomalu mana o ka Russian aupuni a pau e noho ana i loko o ka hale o ka umikumamalua kulanui. Eia naʻe, ma hope o ka hana ana o ka Admiralty i ka makahiki 1823 o ka hale kahiko hou, Noord i ka hou nānā, a i loaa ka Taniguchi wahi. Aia ka he ka manaʻo pono no kona? Aeiino?. I mea no ke aha la i ka 1824 i ka Competition i kūkala ai no ka papahana, ma i? Oaony e kūkulu i ka hou kukulu o ka Senate a me Synod.

Ma St. Petersburg, i ka pohaku mua i waiho i loko o ka hana o ka 24 August 1829. Ma mua, hoomaka ae la makou e kūkulu kūkulu manao no ke Senate, a me ka makahiki ma hope hoʻomaka 'ana, a me ka Synod o ka' ole. ? Ieoaeunoai Ua pau i ka 1834. Ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone o ka hale o ke Senate, a Synod - Karl Ivanovich Rossi. ? Ieoaeunoai hana ma luna o kona pāhana alakai e Alexander Shtaubert.

Prehistory

Initially, i ke kahua o ka papa Senate a me Synod ke aupuni 'hapa-na laau hale, iā lākou e Alexander Menshikov, a me kekahi - i ka hale, ka mea i uumi i ke kalepa i ka wahine a Kusovnikova. I ka His Serene Kiekie Prince i ka hilahila, i kona waiwai ma ka Neva River i hoololiia i loko o ka'āina hoʻoili o ka hope-luna'aha'ōlelo A. I. Ostermana. Kekahi manawa ma hope, i ka 1744, ke ole i haawiia i ka Elizabeth A. Bestuzhev-Ryumin. Kaulike? Aeiino? Ia, Komikina'Āina ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone A. Vista e kūkulu i ka hale i loko o ka Baroque kaila.

I ka 1763, ka wā pii aku la i ka noho aliʻi Ana II, i laila 'o ka' ole i ka Waihona. Ma keia hale kokoke koke hoʻoneʻe i ka Senate. Mai ka 1780 a hiki i 1790 i ka hana o ka Baroque Bestuzhev-Ryumin ia i hou kūkulu hou: facades loaa i ka hou kuhikuhipuʻuone lapaʻau, typical o Lūkini classicism.

Inoa o ka mea hope mea kākau o ka papahana, ma i? Aeiino? Oeoey o ka hale i lawe mai,ʻaʻole iʻikeʻia no kekahi. Eia naʻe, i poe lunakanawai no mai i koena ma ka Halau o Nice Arts Museum ohi Nails o ke komohana mea helehelena, ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone hoolilo ulu I.Starov.

Mōʻaukala o ka hanaia'na

A hiki i ka makahiki 1823 i ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Zakharov pau ka monumental Admiralty hale, ua i ka pono e hoʻololi i ka Central mau mea ekolu o ka Northern kapikala: Senate (e Decembrists), ka Palace, a me ka Admiralty, ma ka Alexander Garden i waiho mai i loko o ka hopena o umikumamaiwa kenekulia. Hana ola mua i ia manawa ma ka hale, a neo? Aaiiai? Ke Senate, hou hālāwai i ka laila-me ka unahiʻole, a me ka nohona ma kuhikuhipuʻuone, a me ka nani o ke kulanakauhale waena. A no ka mea, koi? Aeiino?.

Kona mea o ka Auguseto, a laila, ma luna o ka noho aliʻi,ʻo ia ma Rotehama I, he hou ka hale no ka Senate ke kūkuluʻana ma luna o ka hookahi kiʻi i hoomaka ai, a hiki i ke Kuhina Staff hale, i lawe mai i ka Senate, ka Synod ma St. Petersburg i loko o ka hookahi kuhikuhipuʻuone pāʻoihana. No laila, a hiki i ka hope hale kalepa Kusovnikovoy i ho'ōla pānaʻi ai. A i loko o ka wahi o ka hale Bestuzhev-Ryumin ua hoʻoholo e kükulu i ka hale o ke Senate.

papahana Anahonua

I ka 1828 i ka Competition i kūkala. Ua Ua hele e Vasily Stasov, Pol Zhako, Smaragd Shustov, Vasily Glinka, a, o ka papa, Rusia. Senate a me Synod hale i loko o ka Nails hoopapa i keʻano o nā pāʻoihana. No ka laʻana, Jaco mohai e kūkulu i kekahi e like me ka hale, a makemake e me ka Louvre gale, Stas i? Oaony e kūkulu hou wale i ka mua hale o Bestuzhev-Ryumin. Rossi no hoi i ka papahana o nā hale kiaʻi, a me ka ai pili aku ia lakou i kekahi i kekahi e pio mai i manao ai. A me ia mea no laila, i keia la, ua ike i ka hale o ke Senate a me Synod.

Kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone a me ka sculptor

Umikumamawalu o Pepeluali 1829 i apono ia e Rossi ka papahana. O ka papa kuhikuhi hana o ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone ua, e haawi aku i ka hale, i ke ano e like me ka nui 'āpana no i ka mea i ku ai. Ua ma ka pau ana o Augate, i ka halawai kau ana o ka hale, i ka manao e holo i ka Senate. Ka hookumuia'na mai o ka hale e waiho i ka mea hoʻomanaʻo plaque i mea helehelena unuhi aku la ia i aponoia e ka Moi, waiho e Carlo Rossi. Hana, ai kukulu no hoi i kauoha mai ai i kekahi kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone kaulana - A. Shtaubert. A, e like me ka papahana, i kēia hale ka loa organically hui pū i ka pā pōhaku, a hoola mai, mai ka home Bestuzhev-Rumin. A ma August 1830, ma hope o kauoha aku e kuai i kekahi hale Kusovnikovoy i ka moku'āina waihonakala, i ka hana o ka Synod o ka hale, i lilo ai i loko o kona wahi

Ma July, 1831 Emperor Rotehama au i aponoia i ka papahana a me ka sculptural mea hoʻonani. Ma keia hihia, he kaawale PAaIEN i haawiia i na kii i depicted ole "ulu", a me ka noho hoʻopuni ana. Eia hou, ka mea, he ia e waiho i loko o ke kahiko kapa, no ka laʻana, i loko o ka toga, a lawe aku i na Nā Kia, a me ka palapala ma ka buke.

Sculptural Hoʻokāinoa i like i kekahi mau 'o Puʻohala - S. Pimenov, V. Demuth-Malinovsky me P. Sokolov, kōkuaʻia N. Tokarev a me P. kēpau a me na mea e ae. Ustinov Ua hanaia ma ka sculptor ma muli i loko o ka alcove mua ma ka lima hema kiʻi o "Faith". Sokolov kālai "Piety" a me Pimenov - ka "Law" a me ka "Kiekie".

Poo, a me ka liona ea paha, e like me ka mea'ē aʻe Nani Loa 'ikamu i i ma ka lima Torricelli. Ke sculptural haku mele 'ana o Nyos i loko o ka attic, like hoʻi me ka "Geniuses" puke kānāwai e holopono ana Demuth-Malinovsky hoolei keleawe hola'ōkuʻu.

? ieoaeunoai

E kau mua nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone a me ka poʻe kūkulu i ka hana o ka haawi ana i ka hale i ke ano o ke Senate, e like me ka nui o ka Senate Square, i ua Wehewehe i nā hāʻina me ke akamai nui, a me ka kūlike loa pono o ka unahiʻole, i. Ka mea helehelena o ka nui lawa loa e loaa ka mea kākau Rusia o ka papahana, e hoomahuahua i ka kiekie o ka hale i ka ewalu a me ka hapalua anana. Au pono aku nei au i ka mea'ē aʻe hale o ka Admiralty me ka nui loa maloko o ka hale o ke Senate - e like ka nui me elua haneri a me ka umi kenimika. I kakahiaka nui October 1832 i ka hana i na hana i pani, a hoomaka ae la koke Kalaiaina o nā hale. I Feberuari e hiki mai ka makahiki o ka Auguseto kino hana nana? Iae. A i ka makahiki 1934, i ka hale i hope pau.

hiʻona

Ke kikowaena o ka mea helehelena haku mele 'ana, mōlina i ka grandiose ka unahiʻole, a me ka nui o ka Senate Square, Rossi hoʻoholo ihola e hana i ka nui e pio mai, ua hoʻohiolo hoʻi ma luna o Galernaya alanui. Ka mea, e loulou iho ai i nā haleʻelua, i loko o ka hookahi kuhikuhipuʻuone eiiieaena. No kona kakau ana Karl Ivanovich hoʻohana i kekahi o ia mau mea i mua invented, akā, i hoʻokōʻia o ka pio mai o ke koho hāʻawi 'ana i ka General Staff. Kēia kuhikuhipuʻuone pāʻoihana hoʻokō 'ia me ka nānā kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone me ka nui loa uuku laula ma kaʻaoʻao. Ma keia hihia, o ka hoʻomaopop 'ana i ano o ka haku mele' ana o ka mea kiekie kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Ua hoakaka la i ka malamaia.

e pio mai

Ua integrates i ka hale o ke Senate a me Synod, a ua pau i ka kiʻi kaula aia i loko o ka attic o ka nunui-ke kahua. "Kiekie a me ka piety",ʻo ia ka ai-kapaia paahana Pimenov, V. Demuth-Malinovsky a me Sokolov AP, nô kêia ka hoʻohui o na mana elua - ka ekalesia a me ka naita ma. Ma luna o keia haku mele sculptors hana no e pili ana i ka makahiki. Ma waho aʻeo ia ia, ma o ka pio mai, a me ka huahelu ua nō hoʻouka kekahi, allegorically 'o ia hoʻi' geniuses ka poe i malama i ke kānāwai. "

Ma ka Ia attic i ekolu bas-ke ola - ". Maoli kānāwai" "kivila kānāwai", "kanawai o ke Akua," e like me Loa hana hoihoi i ko lakou wahi. I ke kikowaena, e like ma luna o ka pio mai, emblazoned comparatively nui bas-kapaia "kivila kānāwai." I waena o nā kiʻi i loaʻa ma luna o laila, luku busts o Petero ka Nui a me Ana II.

hōʻikeʻano

Ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone o ka Aha Senate a me Synod hale - Rusia - i hoomakaukau mai ai i loko o hua'ōlelo o-yoa? Iiai ekolu mau huinahń loa, a mau kahua. Extraordinarily nani a me ka sweeping staircases me ramps i ka māpala, decorate i ka puka e komo ai. Surprisingly waiwai ka malamalama a me ka malu ole, ua hanaia ma ka alternation o nei iluna o māhele ma ka facades o ka hale a me niches. Kēia mea he hailona o ke kōkua, a me nā moldings lehulehu.

Synod ke alo ponoi hale huli nā ka Promenade Des Anglais, a me ka mua Senate Square. I mau, poe akamai i manaʻo he loa hana hoihoi kuhikuhipuʻuone manao o keia hapa o ka hale. Kona ua hoʻokōʻia kihi. Ua Ua hoʻonaniʻia me monumental colonnade, ho'ālaʻia ma luna o ka papahele mua, a ohi ewalu kolamu o ka Corinthian mea, he akahai hālawa i ua ana, e like me ka mea kākau o ka papahana hehi attic. Kēia kuhikuhipuʻuone pāʻoihana mana ai ka waiwai laina ke Promenade Des Anglais, e haawi ana ia i ka waiwai Look.

No emi hana hoihoi 'o kona mea i manao ai, a me kaʻaha kūkā, mua Room i loko o ka Senate hale, o ka a i hoʻonaniʻia ai ka paia me ka caryatids a me pilasters o stucco, e like me ka canopy, a i pena artist B. Medici. Ma ka waena i ka noho aliʻi opuupuu me ka huali ulaula velvet.

ma hope o ka kipi

I ka 1919, o ka Aha Senate a me Synod hoopau loa ia. Mai ka makahiki 1925 i ka Central Historical Archives i aia i loko o ka hale. I ka 1936, i ka hale o ke Senate, a Synod hoomaka ae la e hoihoi, a me facades ua ua hoihoi hou ia, a me kiʻi kaula, a me ka makahiki, hoomaka ae la hope e update i ka inoa Kiure staircase. Iloko o ke kaua, na hale elua i ua ku ikaika. Ka mea, loaa ae nei i kekahi mau mea kaua leho i kena kaumaha poino i ka hale. Ua aneane Ua loa luku Synodal ekalesia.

Ka hoihoi hou ana i na hana e hoʻomaka 'ana i loko o ke kauwela o ka makahiki 1944 - mua o ka pauʻana o ke kaua. I ka 2006, ka Historical Archives haʻalulu nō, a ua haawiia i ka hale o ke Senate, a Synod i ke Kumukanawai Hookolokolo o ka Russian Hui. I kēia lā, aia no he koho pelekikena Library.

ia ka hana hoihoi

E hoopono ana mai o ka palapala, ke kūʻai o ka hale kalepa Kusovnikovoy loaʻa i nā aliʻi waihona ma ka launa nui o ka manawa - eono haneri tausani, oiai i loko o ka m-1796 kuka Ua auhauia pono ehiku a me ka hapalua tausani. Ka malihini, proznav ia ma ka wahi o kona hale, e e? Ieoaeunoai hale o ka Synod ua hoʻoholo ihola e Jack i ke kumu kuai, ma ka hou ana i ka huina nui o lāua i ke kīpē, a mai nā 'he nui ke kula.

Oiai e hana ana ma ke mele "Kiekie a me piety," ka sculptor o ka hale o ke Senate, a Synod Pimenov make. Kana hana i pau e kana keiki.