Sforza laka (Milan)

Ma ke kulanakauhale Italian o Milan o ka Sforza Castle, nona ka hana keaka lōʻihi moolelo ua hoʻopili i ka piʻi aku, a iho i lalo, i ka make a me ka? Aeiino?. Mahalo i ka hoʻoikaikaʻana o Italian hoola hou a me nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone i keia mea ke aikane e i ka manawa e mahalo i nā hale kiaʻi kahiko a me ka pā, i ka hele ma ka pakaua.

Pehea mea a pau, hoomaka ae la

Like nui no hoi na kia hoʻomanaʻo i, Castello Sforzesco, e like me ka mea ua kapaia Castle Italians, e ku ana no, aole i kahiko hale. Ka loa mua puʻukaua i kūkulu 'aneʻi ma ka XIV kenekulia ka Visconti' ohana, ka mea e hoʻokele no ka manawa lōʻihi, e lawe i ka mana i loko o Milan i loko o kā lākou mau lima, a me ka hope, e hoolilo i ka hapanui o ka puni mau kulanahale.

O Gian Galeatstso I Viskonti ua hiki ke hoʻonui,ʻaʻole wale nō kona aoao i loko o nā kūlanakauhale o ka Central Italy, Siena a me Pisa, akā, no hoi, e kuai no lakou iho, a me ko lakou hooilina dukedom. Kona mau mamo, ua hikiʻole e hoʻohui i ka Duchy o Milan hou aina. E like me ka hopena o na kaua a me Venice ma ke kakahiaka XV kenekulia Milan, ke kulanakauhale-moku'āina, ua nalowale na mea he nui o ka lanakila? Anoeia.

Ma hope o kona make ana i ka 1447 i ka hope o ka Visconti ohana - Duke Filippo Maria - kipi e noho ana i ke kulanakauhale i haʻi mai i ka Ambrosian Repubalika, a ua inaina i ka dismantled pakaua luna.

kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao o ke kūkulu

Akā, eia ka hou pāʻoihana ma keia repubalika he nani ino, a me ka hopena o ke koa hana Venetians Milan lilo i ka nui loa o kona mokuna. Kupa o ke kulanakauhale, hoomaka ae la e nana aku i ka alihi kaua ikaika, a kono koa mercenary Francesco Sforza, mua i malamaʻi, ma ka Visconti, a lawe i loko o kēia 'ohana. I ka 1450, ka Milan lunakahiko a haawi aku la ia i ka dukedom. I ka hookahi makahiki, hoomaka ae la Francesco Sforza e kūkulu i ka hale kākela i loko o Milana, i ka maemae a me ka'āina hoʻohiwahiwa ducal noho, akā, i like me ka ikaika kūlana pale 'ole. E hoʻokō i keia manao mākou i kono e ua kaulana nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone i ka manawa like Antonio Filarete, Bartolomeo Gadio, Marcoleone ka Nogarolo, Jacopo ka Cortona, a he nui na mea e ae. Ma lalo o ke kuhikuhi ana o ka mea mua kekahi i kukulu i kikowaena hale kiai, akā, no ka hana ana i ka papakaukau kūlana pale paia a me ka eha kihi hale kiaʻi kūlana pale like Bartolomeo Gadio.

I ka 1446, make iho la Francesco Sforza, a me ka hoomalu Milan lilo ae la kana makahiapo-kane, - Galeazzo Maria (Galeazzo Maria Sforza). I ka mea Sforza Castle mau i ka hoʻomohala, a ke lawe mai ke kūkulu hana, me ka hou Duke o Milan kākau nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone a me ka poe paahana, mai Florence. Ma hope o ka pepehi kanaka o Galeazzo i ka 1467 i kana wahine, Amerka oiaio o Savoy, ho'āʻo ana e hoomalu ia iho, kükulu i ka hale kiaʻi kiʻekiʻe no ka manawa Amerka - Torre di Aloha Amerka ma Rochetta - ka loa pale 'ana i kekahi hapa o ka hale käkela.

Ke au o ka Italia Wars

ʻO wai ka mea hele mai i ka mana i ka 1494, Ludovico Maria Sforza mau e kūkulu hou i ka Sforza Castle i loko o Milana, a me ka'āuna ia i ka mea maikaʻi loa Italian haku - Bramante, ka mea i lilo i ka mea kākau o na mea he nui kuhikuhipuʻuone a me ka Nani Loa hehee wale, a me Leonardo nā Vinci hana ma luna o ka pakaua, a ke hana i ka moʻo o frescoes.

I ka 1500, iloko o kekahi o ka Italia Wars ma waena o nā aupuni a pau a me Palani, King Louis XII kaua komo Milan, a hoopio iho la ia Lodoviko Sfortsa. He Ua lawe ia Farani, kahi i make ai.

'Inoʻino loa i ka Sforza Castle ua i ka 1521, ka wā i ke kikowaena halekiai Filarete hoʻohana i ka manawa like me ka ammunition nei, ua loohia oia e ka uila.

Spanish manawa

Ka Spaniards, ka mea i paʻa Milan ma ka waena o ka XVI kenekulia, me ka nui loa hōʻano hou i ka hale käkela. La lakou i na pa a puni ka makahiki hou laekahi pakaua ma ke ano o ka eono-kuhikuhi mai la lakou hoku me ka wahi o ka hola 26 aa. hoʻoneʻe City kiaaina i ka Palace Royal, a aia i loko o ka hale käkela ka pā kaua. Ma hope o ka palaoa pio o ka poʻe hao wale o King Francis I ma Pavia, i ke aloha a hiki i ke kākoʻo mai o ka Emperor, a me ka Spanish King Carlos V, ka Sforzaʻohana hoʻi i ka mana. Duke Milan i Francesco II.

'Aukekulia domination

Ma hope o ka make i ka 1534 o Francesco Maria Sforza II, ka'Aukekulia aupuni a pau o ka Habsburgs hoohuiia ka Duchy o Milan, a waihona i ka hooponopono ana o ke kiaaina. Iloko o ka noho alii ana o ka Austrians Sforza Castle Ua hoʻohana 'ia i hale kahiko kaua, a koa Barracks. Part o na nā mea hoʻonoho ma luna o kona ?? eoi? Hoihoiia paha hou. Ka loa kekahi 'ma hope o ka manawa o ka Habsburgs o ke kiʻi o Yana Nepomutskogo, hoʻouka kekahi ma luna o ka bridgehead.

Napoleonic manawa

Ma hope o He Hoikehonua kaua akula i ka 1796 ma Italy, Austria, manao i ka maluhia 'aelike i loko o ka Campo-Formio, au i, e haawi mai Lombardy. He Hoikehonua koho Milan kulanakauhale o ka noho 'ana no elima makahiki lōʻihi, mai 1796 a hiki i 1801-la. I loko nō hoopii o ka makaainana i koi mai i kaʻokoʻa ma wāwahi i ka hale kākela, Napoleon kauoha aku la ia e paʻa i loko o ka hoihoi hou ana hana. A hiki i ka make ana o ka Farani poʻe hao wale i ka 1814, Milan o ke kapikala o na Hawaii likeʻole hana e Napoleon ma Italy.

E like me ka hopena o ka pa-Europa me ka hālāwai kūkā ma Vienna, ua hoʻoneʻe i ka'Aukekulia waiwai i ke kulanakauhale, a lilo ae la i ka piko o ka hou Kingdom o Lombardy-Venetia. I ka makahiki 1848, i loko o nā lāʻelima o Milana, i ka wa a na kipi kaua no ka kuokoa mai'Aukekulia occupiers, Sforza Castle o kēlā kaua lanakila ma Milan. Ke uprising Ua uhi pū, a ua hopuia, a pau o kona mau lala e kali ana i loko o ka hale paʻahao keena.

I ka 1859, ka Austrians haalele mai Lombardy, a me ka na kamaaina i pio, a laulau moni a pau i ka hale kākela, ma hope i ka mea i haalele.

kēia moʻolelo

ninau mai la na mea he nui e noho ana o Milan ma ka hopena o XIX kenekulia, e luku mai i ka pakaua ma Italy, holoiia ia, mai ke alo aku o ka honua, a me ke kūkulu ma kona wahi hou aku i mea pono keia mau mea, e like ka waiwai noho wahi. Mea pōmaikaʻi, i ka pā kaua nō,ʻaʻole e wāwahi, akā, ma ka mea ku ole, e hoʻihoʻi aku. Ma ka hoihoi hou ia ana o ka hale kākela, i lilo ai i ka 1893 o ka kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Luca Beltrami, ka poe i makemake e recreate i ka Mokuna helehelena o ka hale manawa Sforza noho alii ana. I ka 1905, i ka hoihoi hou ia hale kiai Filarete ua hamama, a ma ka kekahiʻaoʻao o ka hale kākela hoʻokumu Sempione Park.

Iloko o ka bombing o ka Apana World War loli nui kia hoʻomanaʻo i, a me Castello Sforzesco, o ka oi aku Rochetta. Ma ka pau ana o 50-ies o ka hope ke kenekulia, ua hoihoi hou ia i ka hale kākela, a wehe i ka lehulehu.

Ka hope loli ma ke ano o ka pā i ka nui pūnāwai i loko o ka pā wahi,ʻikeʻia me ka Milanese "mare kaka" a i kūkuluʻia e puku i ka elemakule, wāwahi i ka hana o ke kaʻa'ōhua ma lalo iho i loko o ka 60-ies o XX kenekulia.

kuhikuhipuʻuone

Hoikehonua, Sforza Castle - ia meaʻahā like-hoʻokino 'ole i loko o ka konu o i mea na wahi delle Armi. Ua Ua hoʻopuniʻia nunui paia, a me ka puka ka papa kuhikuhiE kūkuluʻia i loko o ka palapala o ka nunui-yoa? Iiai huinahalike hale kiai - Filaret, i mālama ai i ka prototype i ka manawa o ka Spasskaya Tower i loko o ka Moscow Kremlin. Pono a me ka haʻalele o ia e angular a me ka hale kiaʻi - di Aloha Kana Spirito a me Dei- Carmini.

Maalo ae la oia ma na kumu nui e komo ai a hiki i ka hale kiaʻi o Filarete, kiʻi i ka Piazza delle Armi mākou, a me mākou keʻike i ka hale kiai, Aia ma luna o ke kahua o ka puka Porta Giovia. I kona pono i ka ducal keʻena, a me ka lima hema - loa hana paa ana i kekahi hapa o ka pakaua - Rochetta. Ua loaʻa he uuku it, a me nāʻano lōʻihi hale kiaʻi: Torre Castellana (Castle), a me ka hale kiaʻi o Amerka oiaio o Savoy. Ma ka honua palaoa mea he waiwai trove o Torre Castellana, ma kahi au e ike i ke koena murals Bramantino.

Loko o ka ducal n iaainoaoeii neo anao? Aou he uuku huinahalike hoʻopuniʻia e ka portico, i ike ia i keia la me "Portico Elephant» (Portico dellʻElefante), i kapaʻia ai no ka mea, o ka mea frescoes o ka holoholona.

Ke kākela e neeaaia

Hiki ana ma ka mea kahiko Milan, palena'āina ma ka palapala, a mākou makemake e kipa, e hiki ke makaikai i endlessly.

Akā, he mea pono e hōʻalo ai i ka Sforza Castle: ia mea he moʻolelo hē, akā, i kekahi wahi kahi nui Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Kamehameha i kia. Iwaena o lakou - o ka nō gale, i ka Museum o Makamua Art, he ohi ana o na mea kani, he ohi o medieval tapestries a me na mea he nui 'ē aʻe nā hōʻike. Free ma hope o ka hele ana i ka hale käkela, e hiki ke kuai i hookahi balota, e kipa i ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Kamehameha a pau, a kaawale ma kela a me keia o kou hoihoi waiū.