"Soyuz" rocket. Launch rocket "Soyuz"

No ka mea manawa mua he rocket "Soyuz" manned spacecraft i ee 04/23/1968 i kahu moku, e kona kahu moku-cosmonaut Vladimir Komarov. Ma ka lele holoʻokoʻa e hōʻike ana he nui mea hemahema i loko o ka 'ole. A lā ma hope o ka Launch o ka moku hoole e hoʻopakele i ka'ōnaehana ka wā e holo mai ana i ka pa alima, mai ka Astronomical. Moku me ka astronaut maloko ilalo i ka lepo. Me ia i ka lono kaumaha hana 'ia i hoʻomaka ai i ke ala o ka spacecraft, a ma hope lilo ka lōʻihi-olaʻana a puni. I ka 'atikala e kālele ana ma luna o ka lawe rocket "Soyuz".

Mōʻaukala o ka hanaia'na

"Union" mea he ekolu-ke kahua Launch kaa (LV). Ua Ua hoʻololi i e holo ma ka Honua ka Astronomical manned spacecraft "Soyuz", hana nona iho naehana "Space".

Ke kaʻina hana o ka pili ana 20.05.1954, a me ka hooholo ana, e kūkulu i ka Melia ballistic Kao lele lako kaua. Luna o ka hooulu ana kaʻina o D. I. Kozlov a me S. P. Korolev. Ke kumu no ka mea hou rocket ua "Sunrise" a me "R-7A". ? Ieoaeunoai hoomaka i ka 1953.

No ka ikea ana o nā 'ano o ke kūkulu o ka hoao ana paena hoomaka i ka 1955. Ua Ua hooholoia, e hana ia ma aneea oneiaey ma ke alahao noaioee Tyr-Tam. I kēia lā, ka mea, uaʻike i nā mea a pau i ka Baikonur Cosmodrome.

Wale nō ma hope o ka holomua i hanaia o LV "Vostok", "Voskhod" SP Korolev hoomaka ulu ana o ka loa hou ma amau o ka lewaʻimi loa i ka lewa. He hoʻomaka 'ulu manned spacecraft (SC) me ka orbital Module ma luna o ka moku. Hoʻoholo i ka PC ua he rocket "Soyuz".

Mākou i hana ma ke kumu o kona RN "Sunrise". A nui modernization noho ia malalo iho a hiki i ka aeie ana o ke kolu o ke kahua. He mea hiki, e hoomahuahua i ka mana 'ano o ka noonoo o kanaka.

mea i manao ai

Ka rocket "Soyuz" apparently i kiʻiona hiʻona i loko o ka 'ole. Ua ua hikiwawe ike ma ka ehaʻaoʻao palaka conical kinona, ua aia ma ke kahua mua.

Ka lōʻihi hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ke 'ano o ka PC, akā, ka mea, aole e oi aku i ke kii o ka 50,67 mika. E hoʻomaka ana nuipa E e emi ma mua o 308 tona me ka huina kaumaha o ka wahie maloko 274 tona.

Ke keʻena māhele:

• Level 1 oia o ka eha boosters;
• 2nd - kēia kikowaena pa alima "A";
• 3rd - he aeie "B";
• pilikia hoʻopakele'ōnaehana;
• payload mea hoʻopili;
• nosecone.

Space rocket "Union" mea hiki ke ho'āla ai i 7.1 tona ukana.

wahie

Ma nā kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao ekolu o rocket hoʻohana i ka ia wahie. Ka mea, protrudes mokulele hēkī kerosene T-1. Ke oxidizing Agena Ua wai a ka oxygen. Ia mea,ʻaʻoleʻawahia, akā, ma ka kiʻekiʻe ahi p ÷ ino a me ka pahū.

No ka hana ana i kākoʻo nenoai wahie i hoʻomākaukauʻia Nā hana nui o ka wai a naikokene, ka hydrogen peroxide.

ka hoʻololi 'ana RN

Ka rocket "Soyuz" Ua hanauia i kona 'ē aʻe ka hoʻololi' ana:

• "Union-L" - no ka hoao i ka Helu Module. Ua OOOXO i alakaʻi mai ke Baikonur Cosmodrome i 1970-1971 GG.
• "Soyuz-M" - Ua alakaʻi o nā OOOXO a pau, mai ka Plesetsk Cosmodrome i 1971-1976 GG. No ka mea manawa mua me ke kōkua i ka moku i loko o ka Astronomical, a laila, hoomaka iho la ia e hoʻohana i ka holo razvedsputnikov Zenith "Orion".
• "Soyuz-U" - ua manaoia e ho'āla ai i loko o ka Astronomical he iiiaanoaa o spacecraft (manned ukana). Ka mea, i kekahi mai ke kumu manao nui ikaika kiko'ī ka 1st a me 2nd kapuwaʻi. E like me ia i keia la i ka manawa ia i kahi o 770 OOOXO.
• "Soyuz-2" - i ke 'ano o ka hooponopono hou ana o ka W. Ka papahana Ua kapaia "Rus".
• "Soyuz-ST" - Ua hookumu ia ma ke kumu o ke 'ano 2. Ua hoʻolako kalepa OOOXO mai Kourou.

mō'aukala OOOXO

Mai 1966 a hiki i 1976 ia hua 32 Launch, o ka i 30, he holomua. First rocket Ua ee 11.28.1966, like me ka hopena o i i laweʻia i loko o ka Astronomical he unmanned moku. Hope manawa he rocket "Soyuz", a hooku iho la ia kiʻi, soared 14.10.1976 makahiki, neʻe maila i ke amo moku i loko o ka Astronomical.

Ua i All OOOXO mai Baikonur. No keia mea №1 ke hoʻolana i nā pale poʻohiwi, №31.

Ka Launch "Union" Ua kaha maha e mau au i na ino, i ka mua o ka i i wahi ma 14.12.1966 makahiki. Nā pilikia hoomaka i hoomakaukau ia no ka Launch, ka wā o kaʻaoʻao o ka mokuna ua ole triggered pyro. Ia hoʻi ke aloha, ka rocket koe e ku ana. A Blend wahie, triggered pilikia hoʻopakele'ōnaehana, a keia manawa a pau i noho ai ma ka hana a me ka nana ana i ka moku o ka. Ke kumu no ka hoʻi o ka'ōnaehana i ka mea i ka Honua i loli me ka kuapo ka makau, a me ka mea, ka mea i auou caiaiai ia e ka rocket. Ka luina i keia manawa e kū ana ma ka wāwae o ka RN.

E like me kekahi hapa o ka rocket, i ke koena ma luna o ka honua, hopu iho la i ke ahi coolant. Ua alakaʻi i mahope Naita me ia. e hoʻokele i haʻalele i ka ?? eoi? loa kanaka. He make koke Korostylev Major, ka mea i hūnāʻia ma ke kua o ka pā pōhaku, a make iho la ia e ka uahi. Ma ka lua o ka lā, make o na koa elua.

Ka lua o ka ulia hana 04.05.1975 makahiki. Ma luna o ka poʻe i ka PC VG Lazarev a me Oga Makarov. Ka mea, i ka lua o ka makahiki mahuka. Pilikia i hoomaka ai i loko o ka? Aneii PC i loko o ka Astronomical, hana nona iho ua i ka ulia pōpilikia 'Oihana. I ka wa i pūʻali koa i mea keia kiekie o 150 kilomika.

Ka moku ua ma kaʻaoʻao o ka mauna kokoke i ke kulanakauhale o Gorno-Altaisk. He olokaa ae la ia i ka mauna, a hopu i ka laau mana e ulu ma ke kihi o ka pali. Nā astronauts ola i ke aloha i ka mea i ka pana i ole e kekahi parachute. Evacuated astronauts ma helekopa. I ko lakou holo ana 21 minuke 27 kekona.