Table o ka poʻe kaua ma Tsarist Rusia. Table o poʻe kaua o ka Russian Hui

"Table o na lalani" Tsarist Rusia (1722-1917) predstalyaet ke kānāwai ma luna o nā kaʻina hana no ka kue ana i na hana i loko o ka Lūkini repubalika, a me ka Russian aupuni a pau, ka mea i hōʻike i ka lākiō o kekahi seniority kaua, a me ka mea i loko o i ka paipai 'ana i loko o ka huakaʻi.

Ua Ua 'āpono' ia e Peter I ma January 1722 a hiki i November 1917 me ka loli lehulehu. Ma kekahi mau panalāʻau e noho hoi malalo o ko Cossack a me keʻokeʻo Aupuni, kona hana i koe a October 1922. Law "Table o kaua" o ka Russian Hui hakuʻole.

Mōʻaukala o ka hanaia'na

Tsar Petero i kaʻeleu loa i loko o ka mea i hanaia a me ka'āina i hoʻoponoponoʻia o kēia kānāwai, a ua nānā 'ana ma luna i lawekahikiʻia mai o ka papa inoa o nā luna o ka Prussian, Palani, Denemaka a me ka Kuekene aupuni. Peter kino hoʻololi i ka ino kikoo, kakau inoa ia ma 1721, akā, ma mua o ka puke i kauoha e lawe mai i ke kānāwai i ke Senate.

Ka maʻiʻo o "Table o na lalani" Tsarist Rusia, koe nae ke Senate, i kekahi ike i loko o ka Admiralty a me ke Koa keena maluna, ma ka helu o nā manaʻo i i ana pehea e waiho ma ka kaua kaua o ka uku uku makahiki, e like me ka hoike ana o kahiko Lūkini luna i loko o ka papaʻaina, a ma luna o ke kāpaeʻana i ka'ikamu i hoopai no ka hana 'ana ma wahi, a uaʻoi kona kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka AYEIE koikoi, i loko o ka ekalesia. Allʻikepili heluʻai a pau, nae, waiho ole hou noonoo i loko o ke kānāwai "Table o na lalani" (Lūkini aupuni a pau). I unuhi aku la ia i ka mana hope loa i hele e hoa o ka Aha Senate a me Bruce Golovkin a me Dmitriyev-Mamonov a me Matyushkin - hoʻolaha i ka nui loa.

"Table o na lalani": pehea e hoʻokauwā aku i ke State ma Tsarist Rusia

January 24, 1722 ke alii i aponoia i ka palapala. All kaua e puunaueia i ka i kēia ekolu ano: he sīwila, koa a me ka 'aha hoʻokolokolo. Ka mea, i nā 14 kekahi mau papa.

"Table o na lalani" ma tsarist Rusia oia o ka huina o 263 me nā kūlana hana, akā, laila, i hoopau i kekahi o ia, a ma ka hopena o ke kenekulia 18th, nalowale loa.

hereditary hanohano

14 la papa (Fendrick, a me ka hope, a me ka 1730, palapala hopu aliʻi) haawi aku i kekahi kanaka ma ka pono a hiki i hereditary aliʻi, i loko o ka kivila hana i loaa i mea e holo ai ka walu o ka papa (ano o collegiate assessor) a me ka 14th ( 'o ia hoʻi collegiate Kakau) ke kuleana e hoʻolako wale i ka hanohano o kona kaa.

Hereditary hanohano Manifesto, paʻi June 11, 1845, i loaa pu me ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka 8th papa (i, Noord e alai i kekahi Komisina). Hânau 'ia ma mua o ko lākou makua kāne loaa ia, keiki he he kupaianaha waeʻano. Ka mea, i kapaʻia ka luna 'keiki. Ma keia hihia, i kekahi o ia paha e ia hereditary hanohano ma luna o kona makua kāne noi.

Loli i loko o ka wā e hiki mai ana ma ka "Table o kaua"

Ma December 1856, Alexander II kapu ma ka manao paa keia o ka pono, e loaa i ke kanaka o hereditary alii ko lakou ano o ka colonel (keia 6th papa), a me ka kivila hana - 4th papa.

E like me 'oe ke ike, o ka palapala mana, a ua he "Table o na lalani" ma Tsarist Rusia Ua hoʻololi i ka hopena o ka mihi no ka aneane elua kenekulia. Ua lilo ka helu o sīwila nā kūlana hana i ka inoa o ke kanawai kaua, nānā 'ole o ka mea maoli dute o ko lākou mau laʻelaʻe' ia.

hoopau inoa

No ka laʻana, ka inoa "collegiate assessor", "collegiate kakauolelo", "State Councilor," "collegiate kuhikuhi" ma ke ano mua o ka oihana hoʻokani papa lala me ka kuleana a me ka consultative koho, ke papa kakauolelo, a me ka pelekikena o "Ka State" papa. Ua kapaia lunahoomalu o ka Aha Hookolokolo "ka Aha Kuhina." I ka 1726, ua hoopau ia ka luna-i oleloia pahale, a me ke ano o ka inoa i koe a hiki i 1917.

"Table o na lalani" ma Tsarist Rusia i ka manawa i loea kanaka, 'elele o ka lalo papa, i ka mua, a me ke kiʻi i ka hanohano.

kaawale kaua

Kaua i maheleia i loko o ke keʻena luna luna, ka luna luna (i ka papa 9, oa ke ano o titular Kuhina / luna aupuni) a me ke 'ano laulā. Mākou kahińuli i ka poʻe kaua o ka mua mau papa (luna pūkaua). Ka mea, Ua manao i kona hoʻopiʻi kū'ē 'ana: no ka papa kiʻekiʻe luna - "kou Honor", ma muli Ofitserova i ia e kapaia - "kou Honor," ka pūkaua - "kou Mea Hanohano", a me ka poeikohoia o ka mau papa mua - "kou hanohano."

Kū kaʻawale ku kaua 5th Grade (State Councilor / hânai holoholona), uaʻaʻole i heluʻia i waena o aole hoi i ka pūkaua, aole hoi i na luna, i manao iho la lakou, e hoʻopiʻi kū'ē i ka kēia - ". I Ke Kahi"

Kaua, eia nae ka mea, ua i ua hōʻike hewa stipulated, haawi wale nō i na kanaka. Ka wahine e hana e like me kā lākou poʻe kāne i kona külana a me ka mare ole kaikamahine i manaoia kekahi mau papa haʻahaʻa ma mua o ko lākou poʻe kūpuna. I hoʻolauna iā 'i ka rula e like me a i ke koi no ka wahi a me ka hanohano ma luna o kona kiʻekiʻe ma' olelo 'ohi' ia a me ka lehulehu hang hilinaʻi ka lole, a ua like no ka uku mau mahina 'o ke kanaka, o ka i 2/3 o ke dala e pono ai, e kiʻi i ka informer. Ka Ia hoopai Ua kau no ka paha o kekahi kanaka o ka haahaa o ka huakaʻi kou paena. Ana, luina, I Aloha Hawaii - pono e nā mea a pau e like me ke ano ku.

Koho koa luna Peter I

Peter I, emphasizing mawaena o ka makemake i ke kaua sīwila, i makemake ole e kau aku no na kanaka ma ka kivila hana, ke pili luna o ka papa mua. Akā, ke manao nei e Osterman, equated i kalaiaina prestige hoouka i ke kaua Kaulike (poo o ke kalaiaina hana) ia ia.

Au i hoʻokūpaʻa wale ma hope o ka huakaʻi o ka Ahakukamalu Councilor papa. Peter koho i hoikeia ma ka mea i ina i loko o ka poʻe koa, a me ke ano o ka 14th papa loaʻa hereditary aliʻi, ka kivila hana - me ka inoa o Collegiate Assessor wale (Grade 8, poo luna o ka huakaʻi). E hoʻomaka ana mai ka 1856 ua, e kiʻi i kekahi mau ka hoouka i ke kaua e pono ai no keia, i mea e lilo i ka maoli moku'āina councilor.

Hōʻike i kēia mau mea i kekahi o kona kulana haahaa o ka huakaʻi (ʻaʻole i ka mau o ka), a i ka papa Peresidena, "ka State", ia mea, i ke Kuhina noʻEulopa manaÿo.

A laila Kuhina hoomakaukau kaua malu mau kumu aʻoaʻo, a me ka maoli malu ke aʻoaʻo.

Hopena ma luna o ke kaiāulu, a me ka hanohano

Me ka poʻe kaua i ka hoʻokomo 'ia' ana o kēia kānāwai kahiko (courtiers, kaukaualiʻi) i ole formally hoopau, akā, ua mai papani iho la i ko lakou ana. "Table o na lalani" i he ole nui ma luna o ka mōʻaukala hopena o ke aliʻi, a pēlā hoʻi me ia ma ka kūhelu haʻalele 'ana. Wale kekahi 'aoʻao pilikino e piʻi like i ka manao wale mea hoʻokonukonu o hana ai. Kamakawiwo Ole, "paternal hanohano" Ua lilo a pauʻano o keia pili ana. Kēia mea he kumu nui mōʻaukala manaʻo nui o kēia palapala, e like me ka "Table o na lalani" ma Tsarist Rusia.

Ma ka pā hale, a me ka kivila hana i ua kaawale koa. Ka 'āpana o ke alii ko lakou Monarch ia nā kumu kāki, pilikino e piʻi like i legalized. Kēia Ua loli i ka pau ana o ka hanohano ma democratization, ka hoʻohuiʻana o ka i malamaʻi, o kona ano, e like me ka mahele o ka papa i loko o hou pūʻulu - Personal, a pae.

haʻahaʻa papa kūlana kiʻekiʻe i loko o ke kaua (14 papa, Fendrick, a me ka hope, a me ka 1730 - hae) koke haawi mai i ka pono e loaʻa i ka hanohano no ka mea a pau hope. Hope, i ka Manifesto i ka 1845, ka mea, hoomaka ae la e haawi wale i ka 8th papa, a ma ka kivila hana - ka 5th.