Tsetse

Ke tsetse nalo, o ka nani o ka loa pilikia loa insect. He hiki no hoomokuahana kanaka a me ka holoholona mai kapa trypanosomiasis. Aia he mau ano o keia maʻiʻaʻai: Rhodesian trypanosomiasis, i kekahi manawa, haawiia keia i like me ka hikinaʻApelika Waena, a Gambian a WestʻApelika Waena. Rhodesian pū i hiki mai ka holoholona i ka holoholona, a me nāʻano nui e loli ai i na bipi, lio, hihiu ungulates. Gambian palapala prevalent mawaena o kanaka, ka mea, ua olelo kapa moe maʻi. Ke tsetse nalo, ua loaʻa wale nō i loko o Africa. Ua Ua ike ia 22? Ueo o insect. He hana ma ka lā a me ka i hanai wale nō ma ke koko.

Ka hapanui o nā mea kolo e IeAUPIIe, IAa IO au hoomolowa makua. I ka wahine e waiho aku hua, a lele aku, e waiho ana i ka poe opiopio, e ola ma luna o lākou iho. Ke tsetse nalo, Ua okoa mai 'ē nā mea kolo i mea nui ke akahele pili ia i ka lakou poe mamo. I ka wahine e waiho aku i kekahi hua manu, akā, e loaʻa ia ma ka palekana wahi - i loko o kona uterus. Hua huli i loko o ka larva e ulu ma ka hanai ana i ke kinowai waiwai i loko o ke kaikea a, nä känaka 'epekema i kapaia "intrauterine waiu". I ka wā o ka larva hoopiha opu o ka makuwahine o ka, e hookuu aku oia i ka mea i loko o nā hua lepo. Ke larva E hūnā i nā a pupate koke.

Haʻawina i hoike ia "waiu" loaʻa ka'ūhū sphingomyelinase, a ua ho'ā 'ia i loko o kaʻakika' ia i loko o ka digestive'āpana o ka larvae. Sphingomyelinase ua komo i loko o ka pūnao o ke kaikea a me ke kahua o ka halepaahao membranes. Kēia'ūhū i ka like hana i loko o mammals a tsetse makika ma ka lactation au, hoʻowahāwahā i ka nui evolutionary mamao ma waena o kēia mau papa. Ma waho aʻeo ia parasitic meaola - trypanosomes, he mea kekahi bacterium mea e ola ana i loko o kona digestive'āpana, Hawaiʻi i ka manawa like me kona kahu i loko o ka papa o ka miliona o ka makahiki - endosymbiotic bacterium Wigglesworthia glossinidia. Ua hoʻolako ka insect me māhuaola, ka mea e loli ai ka hiki ana o nahu e Kamakawiwo Ole. Paha keia ike e someday e hoʻohana 'ia e kānakaʻepekema i mea e pale aku i ka laha o ka maʻi. I ka wehe koʻohune mai ka insectʻepekema ke emi kona hanau ana, a, nolaila, i ka EYI o ka maʻi.

Ke nahu o ka tsetse nalo, Ua pilikia loa loa. He He lawe o trypanosomes moku hookahi-aa? Meaola, me Ana like ia e pili ana i ka nui o ka ula koko keena. He nui na ano o ka parasites, māheleʻia i loko o nā waeʻano e like me ko lakou mau waiwai ma vertebrates. Kekahi? Ueo e ole i kekahi ola kino pilikia, oiai 'ē aʻe ke kanana nei i'āina pilikia loa. Insect i ka mana loaʻa iā ia kekahi mea, mai iho mailoko o vertebrate holoholona a me uninfected holoholona laila hele ma kou tuha.

Trypanosomes noho i loko o ka digestive'āpana o ka insect i loko o kekahi mau lā, a laila, kolo ana i ka salivary glands. Ke tsetse nalo, mea paha ia e pane ana i kēia mau parasites, akā, he mea hiki i ka mea hoomahuahua i ka manawa o ke ola i ke kai o ka insect. Ka mea i i Hawaiʻi me ka nui loa trypanosomes a me kona mau ola kalapona, a pono i kekahi manawa, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka lehulehu i hana.

Morphologically insect i koe ma nā 'ano apau loa: larva kolu o instar (wā ka mea, ua hoʻokaʻawaleʻia mai o ka makuahine) a me ka makua.

Makua tse tse nalo, - he kŘpa a nui insect ma ka lōʻihi mai ka 0.5 hiki i 1.5 knm, me ka maopopo hoailona. Ua loaʻa he nui poo me ke ano proboscis, nunui maka a me ka hana kukuna me ke spine me ka manamana ai lauoho ma na welau. Ke thorax Ua loa ai nui, ākea'ōpū, akā,ʻaʻole kikooia aku, ia mea pōkole o nā'ēheu, ka mea hiki ke ike ia ma mua o ka kekahi hiʻona: ka Hoʻohana i kohu i koʻi lipi.