Ua kaulana loa ka noiʻi a me mathematicians. Women ma Balanced

Kūlike Pae Sciences Ua lōʻihi ua mahalo ia e kanaka. No ka laʻana, ka mea kahiko Greek mathematician Euclid ua i ia he nui na makana i loko o kēia wahi, kekahi o kona mau hopena a mau nō ke aʻo ma ke kula. E wehewehe ana e pili ana i nā wāhine a me nā kānaka, kanaka, mai kekahi aina a me ka poeikohoia o kekahi mau kenekulia. He aha kinona i ka loa nui? E mākou nana ma ka au mamuli.

'Ada Lavleys

Aʻole ka hope kūlana hoʻokani ma ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia. Women ma Balanced e ole e like lehulehu loa, akā, i ko lākou na makana Ua pinepine he apau. Keia ua pololei e pili ana i ka hana o Ady Lavleys. E ke kaikamahine o ka haku mele kaulana Haku Byron, i hānauʻia ai i loko o Dekemaba o ka 1815. Mai noho 'ana kamaliʻi, ua hoike talena no ka makemakika, koke, hoʻopaʻa hoʻi i kekahi hou kumuhana. Eia naʻe, mea maʻa mau feminine talena i makamake nui'Ada - ka mea, ua pono hoʻokani mele, a ua nui loa ka lole lede. Together me Charles Babbage, mea, hanaʻo ia ma ka hooulu ana o ka makemakika papahana no nā kamepiula 'ē aʻe. Ma o ka uhi ana o ka huina hana a pau wale i kona wā i hāpai mua - wahine makemakika ma ia manawa ua mea Mohai. I kēia lā, ka mea, ua noʻonoʻo i kona hana mea hou i hana muaʻole i ka muaʻanuʻu i ka hana ana o ke kanaka ma ke kamepiula iaaiey 'ōlelo. Ka mea, ua'Ada Lovelace e pili ana i ka manaʻo o ka pōʻaiapuni, mahele ana i ka pepa, he wahi lihi iki o ka mea kupaianaha algorithms a me nā helu. E like manawa, e hana okoa iliwai, pono ka 'oihana haumāna puka.

Emmi Neter

Kekahi pono iki kālaiʻike i hānau i loko o ka ohana o ka mathematician Maksa Netera ma Erlangen. I ka manawa o kona loaa ana o na kaikamahine i aeia e komo i ke kulanui, a ua kauoha aku aie me ka helu o nā haumāna. Aʻo me Paul Gordan, la oia i kokua mai no hoi Emmy kokua aku i kona ia hoʻi ma luna o ka pähola 'ana o invariants. I ka 1915 Noether i he nui na makana i ka hana ma luna o ka mau kumumanaʻo o ka relativity. Kona ho, uaʻoliʻoli me ia iho Albert Eynshteyn. Ke mathematician kaulana Hilbert i makemake e hana ia i Hope Kumu o ke Kulanui o Gottingen, akā, Kumu kino i ka mea i 'ae' e loaa ka Emmy nā kūlana hana. Eia naʻe, ua pinepine haʻi'ōlelo. I ka 1919, ua noho kauoha aku e kiʻi i ka hewaʻiʻo wahi, a ma ka 1922 ua lilo i ka loiloi Kumu. Ua Ua hana kekahi Noether olelo o Hōʻuluʻulu hōʻailona helu. Emmy wā hoomanao pehea amazingly akamai a me ka onaona wahine. Kamailio ana me ia i alakai poe akamai, a me Lūkini epekema a me mathematicians. Kona hana i ka hopena ma ka 'epekema a hiki i kēia lā.

Nikolay Lobachevsky

Mua,ʻepekema, a mathematicians pinepine loaʻa ka pomaikai nui i kā lākou waiwai mea nui i loko o kēia 'epekema. He oiaio no Nikolai Lobachevsky. Mai 1802 a hiki i 1807, ua aʻo ma ka gymnasium, a laila, i helu i ka Kazan kulanui, kahi āna i kaulana no ka halawai ike i ke kālaikūlohea a me ka makemakika, a ma ka 1811, ua loaa i ka haku ka 'ilikai, a hoomaka ae la e hoomakaukau i loaa mai i ka inoa o ke Kumu. I ka 1826 la, i palapala mai i ka hana ma luna o nā kumu o ka anahonua, a revolutionized i ka manaÿo o ka lewa. I ka 1827, ua lilo rector o ke kulanui. Over o ka makahiki,ʻo ia i hana i ka moʻo o ka hana ma ka makemakika Ka Ikepili i loko o ke kālaikūlohea a me mechanics, paa i ka ao o ka hōʻailona helu i kekahi kiʻekiʻe. Eia hou, i kona mau manaʻo i alakaʻi ai a hiki i Lūkini nō - ko läkou 'Lobachevskian ike i loko o nā hana o Malevich a me Khlebnikov.

Anri Puankare

I ke kakahiaka nui iwakalua kenekulia, he nui nä känaka 'epekema a me mathematicians hana ma luna o ka pähola' ana o relativity. I kekahi o kēia mau mea ua Anri Puankare. Kona idealism ua ole frowned ma luna o ka Soviet manawa, no laila, Lūkiniʻepekema i hoʻohana i kona kumumanaʻo wale nō i loko o kūikawā hana - ole ia mea, ua hiki ole i ka seriously komo i loko o ke ao o ka makemakika, ke kālaikūlohea paha kilohōkū. Back ma ka hopena o ke kenekulia umikumamaiwa, Anri Puankare hoʻomohala i ka kumumanaʻo o Systemʻano a me ka topology. Over manawa, i kana hana i ke kumu no ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o bifurcation heluʻai a me nā catastrophes, helu wehewehe a me ka macroeconomic keʻano o ka hanaʻana. Interestingly, ka Poincare iho ua ae i ka hoʻokau 'o ka' epekema ike o ka algorithm a me ke ahiahi, a pau i ka philosophical puke. Eia hou, oia paʻi i ka 'atikala i i hoʻohana muaʻia e ka loina o ka relativity - he umi makahiki mua Einstein.

Sofia Kovalevskaya

Mau Lūkini wahineʻepekema ma ke kahua o ka makemakika a hooku iho la i loko o ka moʻolelo. Sofia Kovalevskaya i hānau i loko o January 1850. He ua he mathematician ole wale, akā, i ka publicist a me ka mea mua lede, ka mea i lilo i ka lālā e like no ka Petersburg Academy o Sciences. Ua koho iaʻepekema, a me ka mathematicians ole kue ana. Mai ka 1869 i aʻo ai i loko o Heidelberg, a ma ka 1874 hoʻolauna hana la scientific kaiāulu ekolu, i kūpono i ke kulanui o Göttingen i hookoia ia i ka inoa a Kauka o kālaiʻike. Eia naʻe, i loko o Rusia ka mea, ua hikiʻole ke kiʻi i kekahi wahi ma kulanui. I ka 1888, i palapala mai ai i ka pepa ma luna o ka paa kino kuapo, no ka mea, ua lanakila 'o ia i ka Kuekene Academy o Sciences. Ua ua i komo i loko o ka palapala, ai hana - ia o ke kumu o ka puke "Nihilist" a me ka hana keaka "ke paio no ka Happiness", e like me ka ohana chronicle "Memories a noho 'ana kamaliʻi", palapala e pili ana i ke ola o ka pō umikumamaiwa kenekulia.

Evarist Galua

Palaniʻepekema, a mathematicians i na mea he nui nui discoveries ma ke kahua o ka hōʻailona helu a me ka anahonua. Kekahi o na alakai poe akamai i lilo Evarist Galua, ka mea i hānau i loko o October 1811, ka mua ma waho o Paris. E like me ka hopena o ka pono e hoʻomākaukau ai i loko o ka Lyceum o Louis ka Nui. Kela manawa, i ka 1828, o kona hana mua, a uhi i ke kumuhana o ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika Hoomau iho la lakou mahele ia paʻi. I ka makahiki 1830, ka mea i hoʻokomo i ka Normal School, akā, i ka makahiki ma hope, ua kipaku no misconduct. A loea nä känaka 'epekema, hoomaka ae la kona hoʻokahuli aupuni hana, a ma ka makahiki 1832 i pau ai i kona mau lā. He haʻalele kekahi e komo i ka hoʻokumu paʻaʻana o kēia hōʻailona helu a me ka anahonua, e like me ka Mea Maluna o irrationalities - keia ao ana i ka inoa i loko o ka hanohano o Galois.

Per Ferma

Kekahi o ka poʻokela mathematicians haʻalele i ka nui hoailona, i mea? Anoee ai mamao kā lākou mau hana. Fermat ka hope theorem Ua lōʻihi koe unproven, hoowalaniaia iho au i ka mea maikaʻi loa lakou hoomaopopo ana. A me keia mamua o ka mea i Pierre hana i loko o kaʻumikumamāhiku kenekulia. He Ua hanau ia ma August 1601, i loko o ka ohana kalepa Kanikele. Ma waho aʻeo i ka kiko'ī sciences, aina ike 'ōlelo - he Roma, Greek, Paniolo, Italia, a ua kaulana me he kakaolelo nui o ke kahiko. Aʻoihana iho la ia, a wae iho kānāwai. Ma Orleans, oia loaa he kēkelē ka loa, ma hope i kona hoʻoneʻe i Toulouse, kahi ana i lilo i kākā'ōlelo no hale kanawai. Ma kona ola, palapala iho la oia makemakika hoonoho, a lilo iho la ia i ke kumu o ka mākau anahonua. Akā, nā haʻawina a pau i ia e ia i loiloi 'wale nō ma hope o kona make ana - mua i kekahi hana i ole, ua paʻi. Ka loa nui hana i hoolilo i ka makemakika Ka Ikepili, he papa hana no ka helu ana i ka wahi, i ka lani kiekie loa, a hiki ilalo lilo i nā loina, a me nā curves parabolas.

Karl Gauss

'Aʻole nā kānakaʻepekema, mathematicians, a me kā lākou loaʻa ai Haliʻaaʻela ka manaʻoo mākou i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ke kanaka, e like Gauss. Ke German alakaʻi i hānau i loko o April 1777. E like me ka noho 'ana kamaliʻi i hoike mai i kana mea kupaianaha talena ma ka makemakika, a ma ke kakahiaka nui umikumamaiwa kenekulia i ka' ike ka poʻe puni hoʻonaʻauao, a me ka lālā e like ana o kekahi mau ahahui 'imi naʻauao o Sciences. Au i hana i kekahi kumu hana hoolilo i ka kumumanaʻo o ka huahelu , a kiekie ae hōʻailona helu. Na ka papa kuhikuhiE na makana - i ka hana o ke kūkulu heptadecagon, ma muli o ka mea, hoomaka ae la Gauss e kūkulu i algorithm no Me ka Astronomical o ka Honua no kekahi mau loina. Ke kahua hana "i ka kumumanaʻo o ka noi o ka lani kahi" lilo i ke kumu no kaʻiʻo nō o kēia kilohōkū. Ua haawiia mai i ka wahi ma luna o ka palapala o ka Moon kona inoa.

Karl Weierstrass

Kēia German mathematician hanau ma Ostenfeld. Naʻauao ma ka'āuna kumu o ke kānāwai, akā, makahiki o ka aʻo he makemake ko e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina makemakika. I ka 1840, ua palapala mai i ka pepa ma ka elliptic hana. Ua Ua Hahai I kona hoʻokahuli aupuni discoveries. Ke kanana 'ana Weierstrass i ke kumu o ka makemakika Ka Ikepili. Mai ka 1842 i ke kumu o ka hana, a ma kona mau hoʻokoe manawa hana noiʻi. Ke 1854th paʻi ka 'atikala ma Abelian oihana, a loaa ka inoa o Kauka o ke Kulanui Kenigsberskogo. Alakaiʻepekema Ua paʻiʻia rave hōʻike manaʻo e pili ana ia. I ka 1856 m + honua au i kekahi,''he 'atikala, laila, i ka Weierstrass maliu mai i loko o Kumu ma Pelelina University, a hoʻolilo iā ia i lâlâ o ke Academy o Sciences. Ke kilakila Hawaiʻi o nā haʻi'ōlelo i kaulana ia i nā mea a pau ma luna o ka honua. He hoʻolauna i ke kumumanaʻo o maoli helu, ke hoʻoponopono i na pilikia o ka mechanics a me ka anahonua. I ka 1897, make aku la ia ia mai complications o ka maʻi palū. Ua ua kapaia ma hope o ka Helu lua a me ke kālā no Pelelina makemakika Institute. Weierstrass ua nōʻikeʻia me kekahi o nā kumu a loa ia i ka manawaleʻa i loko o ka mōʻaukala o Kelemania, a pau ma luna o ka honua.

Zhan Batist Fure

I ka inoa o ke nä känaka 'epekema maopopo loa ma ke ao nei. Fourier ua he Kumu o ka Paris Ecole Polytechnique. I nā lā o Napoleon ia i komo i loko o koa paipai aʻo kai eʻe, a ma hope ka mea, ua hoonohoia prefect o ka Isere, kahi ia i komo i loko o pähola hoʻokahuli aupuni o ke kālaikūlohea - e noiʻi i wela, hoomaka ae la. Mai ka makahiki 1816, ka mea, ua he lâlâ o ka Paris Academy o Sciences a paʻi i kona hana. Ua Ua hoolaa i ka mākau kumumanaʻo o ka wela. A ma May 1830 kona make ana, ua paʻiʻia nō hoʻi ma luna o ka thermal conductivity, i ka i ka ho omaulia ana o na aa o algebraic nā helu kaulike a me epekema Isaaka Nyutona. Eia hou, oia hoʻomohala i kekahi ano o ko ka oihana e like me trigonometric moʻo. Ano ka mea, uaʻikeʻia ma lalo o ka inoa o Fourier. Ke nä känaka 'epekema ua hiki ke hoʻoikaika i ka hana o ka oihana ma ka mea o integral - kēiaʻano hana ua hoʻomano hoʻohana pū i loko o kēia' epekema. Fourier ua hiki ke hooiaio i kekahi ākeʻakeʻa kumu laina hiki ke poe ma ka hookahi analytic hōʻike. I ka makahiki 1823, ua loaa i ka thermoelectric hopena o ka superposition waiwai. Name Zhana Batista Fourier ua pili i kekahiʻano o theories a me discoveries i mea nui no kela laekahi makemakika a me ke kālaikūlohea.