Uila pono i loko o nā semiconductors

Uila kala pono i loko o semiconductors - ua kuhikuhi neʻeʻana mai o nā lua a me electrons, a i 'ole ma o ka pila nui kahua.

E like me ka hopena o ia mea, ka mea i ike i ka uila pono i loko o semiconductors ua i pu ma ka hoololiia ana o ka mea - ka mea, e ole pū kekahi Nine Inch loli. Penei,ʻo nā moku halihali mokulele, electrons hiki ke noʻonoʻo i loko o semiconductors.

I ka hiki ana o ka mea, e lilo ana ia i ka uilaʻikena hiki ke nānā 'ia e ka mea i ho'ākāka' conductivity. Ma keia anakahi conductors kūlana 'ka palapala kulana ma waena o nā conductors a me insulators. Semiconductors - kēia mau mea ano okoa o nā minelala hao, kekahi i eliiaʻi, metala sulfides, etc. Uila kala pono i loko o semiconductors kupu ana mai o ka lehulehu o ka noa electrons i hiki neʻe directionally i loko o ka waiwai. Ke kapakai a ke hooheheeia, a conductors, ia i ke kaulana ia aia no he likeʻole ma waena o ka mahana keiki ma luna o lākou conductivity. An mahuahua ka wela hiki aku ai i ka emi ma ka conductivity o ke hooheheeia. Ma semiconductors ka conduction kōmi, piʻi pū. Inā he mea uholo uila ana wela māhuahua, ka noi o noa electrons e e oi erratic. O ke kumu ho i ka hua ma ka helu o ka hookui hookahe koko ana. Eia naʻe, i loko o semiconductors ma e like me ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia, ka mea, ua kūpono kou mahuahua ia ka pa apŘ o noa electrons. Mau kumumea i na e ku pono ana ia ma luna o ka conductivity: ka nui hookui hookahe koko ana, no ka uuku o ka conductivity, ka mea i oi aku i ka lehulehu, ka mea kiekie oia ka mea mea. Ma ke hooheheeia, he mea ole kaukaʻi ma waena o ke ana wela a me ka lehulehu o ka noa electrons, no laila, i ka loli ma ka conductivity me ka mahuahua ana wela emi wale i ka manawa kūpono o ka kauoha ka noi o noa electrons. Like no me ka mea uholo uila, ke hōʻike 'ia nei kanawai o ka hoʻoulu i ka lehulehu kiʻekiʻe. Penei, ka mahana e ala, e kela aku kona nui, i ka mea i oi aku ka conductivity.

Aia He He pilina ma waena o ka neʻeʻana o ka uku ole nā moku halihali mokulele a me ke kau like me uilaʻikena i loko o semiconductors. Ma semiconductors, e kauoha aku nā moku halihali mokulele wehewehe aku ma keʻano o nā aʻe, i waena o i poe noho pilikia ana wela a me ka maemae o ka mea. Maemae semiconductors i maheleia i extrinsic a me ka iho.

Like no kona mau alakaʻi mele, i ke kanawai o impurities ma ka kekahi wela i ole e nui no ia. Mai ka poʻe nahā o semiconductors mea haʻahaʻa, ma ka waiwai kūʻiʻoo mea uholo uila, i ka wa a ka mahana hiki ma lung Aʻohe, aia no he piha hoopiha o ka valence electrons. Akā, i ka conduction bana mea pono ole: aole he uila conductivity, a me ka mea i hana 'ia he maikaʻi insulator. Ma nā ana wela, he mea he manawa kūpono i ka thermal fluctuations o ka hana i ho'ākāka 'electrons ke lanakila i ka Loaʻaʻia ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai a me kaʻikeʻia i loko o ka conduction koa.

Thomson kanawai

I ka rula o ka thermoelectric Thomson hookoia ka wā ka uila kala pono i loko o semiconductors, a i loaʻa mea he welaʻano piʻina i loko o ia mau mea, ke ole Joule wela hoʻokuʻu 'ole omo o ka hou dala o ka wela, e ana ke kaumaha ma muli o ka olelo i loko o aʻikena e kahe.

Lawaʻaʻahu specimen paio hahana maoli nō, me he homogeneous 'ole e loli ai kona waiwai, ai ka lako i ole-ʻaʻahu. Penei,ʻo Thomson keia mea he maopopo kŰia Peltier. Ke wale koena unuhi mea i ka likeʻole ole-Nine Inch haku mele 'ana o ka hāpana, a me ka mahana o ka originality o keia heterogeneity.