Pehea e holo ai ka cortex? Cortex

Currently, ka mea, ua ikeia e kiekie oihana o ka'emi oihana, e like me ka hiki i ka hoʻomaopopo mau lepa a loaa mai ke kaiapuni, i noʻonoʻo haʻawina, e hoʻopaʻanaʻau a me ka manaʻo, pili i ka mea ana i ka cerebral cortex. Cortex, mākou e uhi i loko o kēia 'atikala.

Ka mea i kekahi kanaka i ike i kona pili ma me'ē aʻe, ma muli o ia ka excitation o neural latike. Mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka poe mea i loaʻa i loko o ka wauke. He ka mall muli o ke akamai a me ka ike paka i.

neocortex

14 ieeeea? Neurons i loko o ka cerebral cortex. Cortex, a e e kūkā mai ma lalo nei, ke hoʻohana ma ia. Ke bulk o neurons (ma kahi o 90%) 'ano apau loa neocortex. Ka mea, e pili ana i ka somatic ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana, i kona kiekie loa integrative Oihana. Ka loa nui hana o ka neocortex - aaioee a me ka hoakaka ana o ka 'ike i loaa mai ma nā makaukau (pilikia makapō, somatosensory, ono, hālāwai hoʻolohe manaʻo). Ua mea hoi nui i ka mea hooponopono iho i ka luna 'Muscle neʻe. I ka neocortex i-oaio? A i ka pae'āina ma ka olelo keʻano o ka hanaʻana o Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo a me ka iaiyoe waho pūnaewele. Ke kumu nui loa o ka keʻano o ka hanaʻana lawe wahi i loko o ia, mea he neurophysiological kulanui o ka ike paka i.

paleocortex

Paleocortex - kekahi oihana nui a me ka nui, i mea ka cerebral cortex. Cortex e pili pū ana me ia, o kekahi mea nui. He hapa i ka simpler 'ole ma mua o ka neocortex. Keʻano o ka hanaʻana lawe wahi 'aneʻi, ma ka manaʻo ua ole mau' ike. kiekie ae autonomic oaio? i ke aupuni 'o paleocortex.

Palapala me ka nń ku cortex wahi o ka lolo

It E e hoʻomaopopo i ka pilina o ka cerebral cortex i ka lalo māheleʻana o ka lolo (thalamus, basal nuclei, alahaka, a me ka midbrain). Ua Ua hoʻokō ka hoʻohana nui puluniu laulau, a hana i ka pā mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku. Mau puluniu laulau i ākea papa, haku o keʻokeʻo paa. Ka mea, aia no iloko olaila na mea he nui nā aʻalolo olona, (miliona). Kekahi o kēia mau olona, (axons o neurons o ka thalamus) e hoʻolako EYI o nā aʻalolo lepa i ka cortex. ʻO kekahi hapa,ʻo ia ka axons o ka cortical neurons e lawelawe 'ana e hoʻolele iā lākou a hiki i ke aʻalolo-oaio? A hoʻonoho ma lalo nei.

Ka 'ole o ka cerebral cortex

Anei oe i ike i kekahi hapa o ka lolo o ka mea nui? Kekahi no oe i paha koho koke mea i hele ma. He ka cerebral cortex. Cortex - keia mea pono i kekahi ano o ka apana i ku mai i loko o laila. No laila, ka mea, ua maheleia i loko o ka pono a me ka haʻalele hemispheres. Ka mea, i pili i kekahi i kekahi kaola keokeo paa i 'ano apau loa ke kino callosum. O ka papa kuhikuhi hana o ke kino callosum mea e hōʻoia 'ōhumu ma waena o nā hemispheres elua.

Cortex ma ka wahi

ʻOiai ma ka cerebral cortex he nui kona mau pā, ka pono hoʻoponoponoʻana o Kamehameha o ka nui sulci a me ka gyri wehewehe aku ma ke kūpaʻa. No laila, i ka papa kuhikuhiE poe i ka benchmark no ka mahele ana i mau mea o ka cortex. Kona kino mawaho, ili ua maheleia i ekolu Groove 4 mahele. Mau mahele (cii) - ke kino, occipital, parietal a me ka frontal. ʻOiai ka mea, e anao? Aou ma ka wahi, i kela mea keia mea o lakou i kona mau kekahi kuleana pili i.

Kino cortex o ka piko ma ka auditory cortex mea kālailai. I Ina o ka poho ia lŘlŘ pepeiao kuli. Ke auditory cortex, ma ka hou, ua he-oaio? Wernicke olelo. I Ina o ka poho mea nalowale i ka hiki i ka maopopo olelo ana. Ua Ua ike like leo. Eia hou, i ka mea kino lobe i neural ioauoa e pili ana i ka vestibular i hoʻomākaukauʻia. hoohalike o ke koena ua pīhoihoi ihola i loko o ka hanana o ke poho.

olelo ana cortical wahi i kia ma ka frontal lobe. Kēia mea ma ka waena konu-Moi. I ka hanana i ka hemisphere pono iaʻia poino, ua lilo ka hiki e hoʻololi i ka leo a me ka timbre o ka leo. Ua lilo monotonous. Inā poho pili ia i ka hemisphere hema, kahi o ka poe i leo cortex nalo articulation. Ua nalo like me ka hiki i ka mele, a kiko'ī a olelo.

Ka pilikia makapō cortex o ka occipital lobe hoʻopili like. Aia ka he 'Oihana i mea kuleana no mākou hihiʻo me ia. Ke ao nei a puni mākou ua ike ia e ka lolo,ʻaʻole i ka maka. Kuleana no ka hihiʻo pono kekahi hapa o ka occipital. No laila, ma ka hihia o ka poho i ulu i ka piha a hapa ka makapō.

Parietal lobe i kona mau kekahi kuleana pili i ka. He kuleana no ke kālailai 'ike e pili ana i ka nohona ma pā lonoaʻili: tactile, wela, eha. Ma ka hanana o ke poho, e lilo ana i ka hiki mai e ike i mea e nano, e like me kekahi'ē aʻe nā mea hiki.

Hawaii āpana

I makemake makemake e kamailio e pili ana i ka mea kaawale. Ka mea i ka Hawaii cortex aʻole correlate me kaʻahahui e pili ana i ua olelo luna. He hapa o ka cortex, a iloko ona i kakauia na e iho mai ana pololei pili 'o Randy i ka spinalʻula, a he oiaio, ua, a me kona Hawaii neurons. No laila, kapa akula lākou i neurons i pololei ka pāʻana i nā nāʻiʻo.

Main Hawaii cortex ua aia i loko o ka precentral gyrus. Me na mea he nui, ao ke ano o keia gyrus mea he aniani kiʻi o kekahi ciia, nano. Mālama contralateral innervation. Ma nā hua'ōlelo, innervation ia lŘlŘ ku e nāʻiʻo aia ma kaʻaoʻao e ku pono ana o ke kino. Ke koe o ka lehalehu t kahi ma i naʻeluaʻaoʻao mana o ka iwi ā nāʻiʻo a me ka haʻahaʻa o ka maka.

Kekahi hou Hawaii cortex aia i loko o ka'āina aia ma lalo o ka papa koa. ʻepekema,ʻo ka mea loaʻa kuokoa oihana e pili ana i ka lāʻau ikiʻai wale Hawaii ia auoiaea. Kēia Hawaii cortex Ua aʻo pūʻia e kānakaʻepekema. Ma ka ho okolohua e kau mai ma luna o na holoholona, ka mea i loaʻa i kona hiki aku ai i ka stimulation o Hawaii pane. A me keia mea oiaio, a hiki ina i mua i luku ai i ka iniiaiie Hawaii cortex. Ke Hoʻohaku hemisphere ua limahana ma ka ways, a me ka hoʻolālā o ka olelo ana ka neʻe 'ana. ʻepekema, i ka mea hiki aku ai i ka poino o ka hōʻeuʻeu aphasia.

Cortex o ka mana a me ka 'ole

E like me ka hopena o ka lapaʻau loina a me physiological ho okolohua lawe mai i loko o ka lua o ka hapalua o ka 19th kenekulia, ka mea i hoonohoia mokuna wahi, a iʻana i loko o kekahi mea loaʻa ili honua. Mawaena o ka la mahope i kaʻawale me ka makaukau, nona ma ke waho honua (ili pā lonoaʻili, lohe ana, ike), a me ka poe i i hoohui ai ia lakou iho i nā nā loko o ka locomotion (kinetic ole Hawaii mea kālailai).

Occipital māhele'āina - ka ciia o ka pilikia makapō mea kālailai (mahinaʻai 17 i ka 19), i oi kino - acoustic mea kālailai (nā mahinaʻai 22, 41 a me 42), postcentral māhele -ʻili-kinesthetic mea kālailai (nā mahinaʻai 1, 2 a me 3).

Ka Poeikohoia cortical kekahi mau analyzers ma ka hana a me ka 'ole e māheleʻia i loko o ka kēia ekolu cii o ka cortex o ka cerebral hemispheres: iniiaiie, nā haumāna a me ka tertiary. I ke kakahiaka nui wā, iloko o fetal? Acaeoey, ia waiho iniiaiie, a i wehewehe aku ma ka mea cytoarchitectonics. Ma ka liʻiliʻi loa hoʻomōhala tertiary. Ka mea, i ka loa luna '' ole. An palapala manao, mai keia wahi o ka hoomaopopo, kūlana 'he haumāna oo? O ka cerebral hemispheres o ka cerebral cortex. Mākou e kaumaha aku oe i ka pilina nana i ka mana a me ka 'ole o kela mea keia mea o lakou, e like me ka pono me ko lakou pili ana me ka māhele o ka lolo ke aupuni' ia ma lalo nei, i loko o 'ana, a hiki i ka thalamus.

Ke kikowaena kahua

Epekema ma ka makahiki i loaa nui ka hoao ana i loko o ke ao o ka lapaʻau haʻawina. E like me ka hopena o ke kilo, ka mea i loaʻa i loko o pau i ka poino ana o kekahi mahinaʻai i loko o ka haku mele 'ana o ka' elele o ka cortical analyzers lakou aloha ia i ka pono lapaʻau kiʻi mea,ʻaʻole like paha. I waena o nā mahinaʻai, hoʻokahi ku mai ma keia manao, a ninoaaeyao he kikowaenaʻoihana i loko o ka nukelea wahi. Ua ua kapaia he iniiaiie paha Central. Ka mea, ke kahua ua helu 17 i loko o ka pilikia makapō wahi, auditory - ma lalo o ka helu 41, a me ka kinesthetic - 3. O ko lakou poho hiki aku ai i ka mea nui hopena. Nalowale i ka hana, e ike ai, e lawe mai i ka loa maalea differentiation stimuli like analyzers.

iniiaiie? aie?

'ia paha o nā neurons ua loa hoʻomohala i loko o ka iniiaiie ciia, a ua hakuloli ia i ka cortico-subcorticalʻeluaʻaoʻao ano laulea. He ka shortest a me ka pololei ala hoʻohuiʻia me ka cortex ai kekahi sensory hui,. No ka mea, o keia, ka iniiaiie cortex hiki pee lawa stimuli.

An nui e like me ka hiʻona o ka loiloi, a mall hui o kēia mau mea - ka mea a pau o ia mea, he maopopo somatotopical wānana. Kēia 'o ia hoʻi i ka kanaka nui periphery (retina, ili ili honua, cochlea, skeletal Muscle) eʻana i loko o ka like pololei delimited helu aia i loko o ka iniiaiie ciia e like mea kālailai cortex. No ia mea, i kapaʻia ka mea, wānana.

haumāna ciia

I ole ia haawiia i likeʻike ākea, a me keia mea i ulia. Ka mea, i loko o ka nukelea wahi o ka cortex, i loko o konaʻike ākea wahi. Secondary cii i okoa mai iniiaiie paha Central physiological hoike ana, o ka oi aku neuronal hui a me ka architectonic.

He aha waiwai i malama ka wā uila stimulation paha pio? Mau waiwai hōʻikeʻano nui a hiki i ka nui luna 'ano o ka noʻonoʻo' keʻano o ka hanaʻana. Inā 'aʻole ka haumāna ciia luku, ka mea haʻahaʻa ka waiʻona ma ke kŘpa a la i ka malamaia. Ua naʻauʻano nui ka hiki i ka pono noonoo i ka manao lokahi ana, a me ka holoʻokoʻa eiiieaenu o eiiiiiaiou o kekahi mau mea, a ua maliuʻia. Ināʻano ukiuki o haumāna ciia auditory a me ka pilikia makapō cortex, i ka nānā mau auditory a me ka pilikia makapō hallucinations, ua kauohaʻia i loko o kaʻina (manawa a me ka lewa).

Mau? Anoee, he nui no ka mea e kō o ka interconnection o stimuli, a koho ia lŘlŘ ma ke kumu o ka iniiaiie cii. Eia hou kekahi, paani ae la lakou i ka nui kūlana ma ka hoʻononiakahiʻana i nā kula o nukelea oihana o kekahi mau analyzers ia hui? Eaia ma luna 'nenoai.

Secondary ciia, no laila, pono no i ke kō o ka oi luna 'ano o ka noʻonoʻo' keʻano o ka hanaʻana, e noi ana ōhumu a pili me ke akahele Ka Ikepili o ka lākiō. Malalo stimuli, a no hoi me ke kohoʻia i ka manawa, a me ka puni makahiki. Ma keia manao, e ke hookupaaia kapaia assotsionnymi. Afferent impulses mai receptors i makaukau likeʻole ili kauoha i ka cortex, hiki i ka 'ikepili ke kahua ma ka ai iiiaanoaa o nā mea hoʻololi i loko o assotsionnyh thalamic nuclei (thalamus). Akä naÿe, afferent lāʻau ikiʻai wale i hahai ma muli o ka iniiaiie ciia hiki aku kona i ko lakou pōkole ala hele ma ka mika nucleus thalamus.

He aha ka ke thalamus

Olona, mai thalamic nuclei (kekahi a oi) kupono no kela a me keia lobe o ka lolo hemispheres. Thalamus a thalamus, Aia i loko o ka forebrain, i loko o kona kikowaena māhele 'āina. Ua ninoieo o ka ai iiiaanoaa o Kora naʻEsau, kela mea keia mea o ka i? Aaeaao i ka lāʻau ikiʻai wale i loko o ka luawai hoakaka hapa o ka cortex.

All ÷ ailona manaʻo kōkua ana (koe wale olfactory) kekahi, ma ka mika a me ka integrative thalamic nucleus. Hou olona, e hele mai ana, mai o lakou a hiki i ka hoʻopā, iaono? (I loko o ka parietal lobe - i ka somatosensory ono, a, ma ke kino - i ka lohe ana i loko o ka occipital - a hiki i ka pilikia makapō). Lāʻau ikiʻai wale hōʻea niioaaonoaaiii, mai ka ventral basal-eiiieaen, ka medial a kīloi paʻewa nuclei. Me ka pili ana i ka Hawaii cortical mau mea, ka mea, i ka pili ana i ka ventrolateral a me ka ventral anterior nuclei o ka thalamus.

EEG desynchronization

He aha ka hana ina ke kanaka i mea i maha, anapu koke paka i ka ikaika stimulus? O ka holo ana, oia koke makaala oukou, a noʻonoʻo ma keia stimulus i kona noonoo. Hoʻololi o noʻonoʻo haʻawina, ua lawe mai, mai ke koena a hiki i ka moku'āina o ka ha awina hoʻopili like a hiki i ka hope o ka EEG Alpha pāpana i loko o ka Hoʻokolohua pāpana, e like me nā fluctuations hou pinepine. Ua hoʻololi, i kapaia o EEG desynchronization, akaka like me ka hopena i ka pńpa mai nonspecific thalamic nuclei hānai sensory stimulation.

Reticular ho'ā 'ia paha'ōnaehana

Nonspecific nucleus lakou i ka eiei nā aʻalolo upena, aia i loko o ka thalamus, i loko o kona medial pauku. Kēia anterior ARS (reticular ho'ā 'ia paha'ōnaehana), i regulates ka excitability o ka cortex. Ke Kula Kaiapuni 'mīkiniʻimi mau lepa a ke haʻalele i ka APC. Ka mea hiki e pilikia makapō, vestibular, somatosensory, olfactory a me ka auditory. APC - he kai ma iʻikepili lepa pū i hiki ai i ka ili honua papa o ka cortex ma nonspecific nuclei aia i loko o ka thalamus. Excitation APC Radio kūlana ano nui i. He pono e malama i ka ana moku'āina. Ma mana holoholona ma i ka'ōnaehana i wawahiia, ua he dreamlike moku'āina o coma.

tertiary ciia

Ooieoeiiaeuiuo kona piko a i hiki e Hahai I waena o nā analyzers nei ka 'oi ma mua o luna' i ho'ākāka 'ia ma luna. Morphologically lākou hou complication kupu mai o ka mea ia i ka ulu ana o ka ili o ka hemisphere nukelea kahua analyzers, mau cii ano ae. Ma ka cortical wahi o ka mea kālailai kiʻi "overlapping wahi", oa ka tertiary ciia. Mau me ka ho okumu i waena o ka loa pilikiaʻano o nā hana 'ē aʻe o ka ili-kinesthetic, auditory a me ka pilikia makapō analyzers. Tertiary cii mea, ua ma o aku o na palena o ko lākou mau nukelea kihapai. No laila, ae hookaawale a me ka poho, aole ia i alakai i ka loa me keia poho hanana. ¶ A i ka pili ana i ka ho'ākākaʻoihana o ka mea kālailai he ole nui loa.

Tertiary ciia - he kūikawā wahi o ka cortex. Ka mea hiki ke kapa hālāwai "hoopuehu mai ai i" oihana mua o kekahi mau analyzers. Ia mea, na kumu mua i ka lakou mea hou hiki ke hana i kekahi mea huikau syntheses a kālailai o stimuli. Ka wahi e noho, mea he nui. Ua uhaʻi au i lalo i loko o ka helu o nā kulekele. Pokole kakau ia.

Mawaho parietal māhele nui no ka hoʻohui 'ia o ka neʻe' ana a pau me ka pilikia makapō analyzers kino, a no ke kino shaping huakai kaapuni. Like no ka emi parietal, e pili ana i ka hui ana o Hōʻuluʻulu a me generalized ano o ka hōʻikeʻana pili me ka luna 'a finely differentiated olelo, a kū'ē'ē' ana, ka manaʻo o ka i ua hoi malalo o ka hihiʻo.

Area temporo-parietal-occipital mea i loa nui. He kuleana no ka hoʻohui 'ana i luna' ano o ka pilikia makapō a me ka auditory analyzers me ka 'ōlelo i kākau a me ka olelo.

E noke i ka cii i ka tertiary luna 'pili' o Randy kaapuni hoʻohālikelike me iniiaiie a me nā haumāna. Ua ikeʻeluaʻaoʻao ano laulea me thalamic nuclei eiiieaenu e pili ana, ma ka huli, mika-Kora naʻEsau ma ka lei lōʻihi o na wahi i pili i loaʻa 'ana i loko o ka thalamus.

Ma muli o ka keia, ka mea, ua ike i na cii i loko o ke kanaka, iniiaiie, kiʻekiʻe a me ka tertiary'āpana i cortex, i mea mahalo hana kūikawā. Pakahi aku la ia ia e e ua hoʻokoʻikoʻiʻia ia 3 pūʻulu cortical wahi i ho'ākāka 'ia ma luna, ma ka maʻamau ke hoʻohana kaula pu me ka launa pu, a me ka'ōnaehana ka hoʻololiʻana ma waena o lakou iho, a me ka subcortical hale hana me hoʻokahi a pau pilikia differentiated.