Vyacheslav Molotov (Vyacheslav Mihaylovich Skryabin): Kawaihae, ka manaʻo politika 'oihana

Molotov i kekahi o ka mea mau Bolsheviks mua kahea, a e hoʻokele e ola mahope aku o ke au o Stalinist repression , a noho i loko o ka mana. He Ua paa i kekahiʻano o ka papa kiʻekiʻe ke aupuni pou ma ka 1920-1950-ies.

i kakahiaka nui makahiki

Vyacheslav Molotov Ua hānau March 9, 1890. Kona maoli inoa - Alexander Scriabin. Molotov - 'aoʻao pseudonym. I kona wā'ōpiopio, i ka Bolsheviks hoʻohana i kekahiʻano o ka inoa i pai ia ma ka nūpepa. Molotov pseudonym ia i hoʻohana ai no ka manawa mua i loko o ka uuku Mākua ma luna o ka ulu o ka hoʻokele waiwai Soviet, a mai laila aku me ia,ʻaʻole e haʻalele.

I ka wā e hiki mai hoʻokahuli aupuni i hānau i loko o ka waena papa 'ohana, ka poʻe i noho i loko o ka kauhale kahuʻai i loko o ka Vyatka mokuna. Kona makua kāne, ua 'ano nui loa ia, a ua hiki ke haawi i kana keiki hoʻonaʻauao' ana i ka pono. Vyacheslav Molotov i loko o kekahi kula maoli o Kazan. Ma na makahiki o kona wā'ōpiopio mai ka mua Lūkini kipi, a, o ka papa, hiki ole akā, pili i ka manao o ke kanaka'ōpiopio. Ka Pepa Ha la oia hui i ka Bolshevik wā kamaliʻi pae i ka 1906. I ka 1909, ua hopuia a ua a hoʻokuewa wale 'ia Vologda. Ma hope iho o ka liberation o Vyacheslav Molotov neʻe i St. Petersburg. I ke poʻo, hoomaka ae la oia e hana i loko o ka mua loio i Party nupepa i kapaia "Ka Make." Scriabin i lawe mai ai i kona hoa Victor Tikhomirnov, ka mea i hele mai mai ka kalepa ohana, a ua uku kālā i ka puke o ka Socialists ma ko lakou mau lilo. e haawiia i ka maoli inoa o Vyacheslav Molotov hou i laila. Hoʻokahuli aupuni ua lilo i pili i kona ola ma ka pāʻina.

KeʻOiʻenehana a me ke Kanawai War

Ma ka hoʻomaka o ka Feberuari,ʻOiʻenehana o Vyacheslav Molotov, e like loa kaulana Bolsheviks, oia ua ma Rusia. Key kanaka aoao no na makahiki, ua i loko o ke pio. No laila, i loko o nā mahina mua o ka 1917, Molotov Vyacheslav Mihaylovich ua nui kaumaha i loko o Petrograd. He koe hoʻoponopono o "He oiaio", a hiki aku la i loko o ka hooko Komite o ka Soviet o He hana i 'a me nā koa' lunakanawai.

A lohe o Lenin a me nā luna o ka RSDLP (b) hoi i Rusia, ka mea opiopio functionary emi i loko o ke kāʻei kua, a ma ka manawa i hou i nanaia. Molotov conceded lākou mau lunakahiko a me ka kākā'ōlelo, a me ka hoʻokahuli aupuni koa. Akā, he la ia a me ka nui o kona pōmaikaʻi: ano o ka hana, a me ka ikaika oaoieei hoʻonaʻauao. No laila, i ke Kanawai War Molotovʻano nui aia ma ke "kahua" hana i loko o ka mokuna - ia i hoʻonohonoho i ka hana o ka aha hookolokolo kūloko a me nā kauhale.

I ka 1921, ka lua-pae aoao lālā Pomaikai e kiʻi ai i ka hou kikowaena kino - ka Secretariat. Here Molotov Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Ua komo 'o' loko o ka bureaucratic 'oihana, oia ua i loko o kona hehee ai. Eia hou, i ka Secretariat o ke Komite Central o ka RCP (b), lilo iho la oia i ka colleague o Stalin, a hoʻoholo ihola i kona wā e hiki mai a pau naue like.

Stalin ka lima'ākau

I ka 1922, Stalin i koho General Kakauolelo o ka Central Komite. Mai laila, ke keiki V. M. Molotov lilo kona protégé. He hoao i kona lokomaikai ma ka lawe ana i nā mea a pau pu ana a me ka hana malu a o Stalin like Lenin kuleana ma ka hope mau makahiki, a ma hope o ka make ana o Lenin. Molotov ua io ma ka akau wahi. He mea ma ke ano maoli i loa Ua he alakaʻi, akā, okoa bureaucratic ikaika, kokua aku la ia ia i loko o olalo i clerical hana i loko o ka Central Komite.

Ma Lenin ka hoʻolewa i ka makahiki 1924, Molotov i lawe i kona pahu, a ua he hoailona o kona kaumaha Lako. Mai ia manawa, hoomaka ae la na paio i loko o ka 'aoʻao. I ka waihona o ka "like mana" ola no ka loa lōʻihi. Ua waiho mai ai i mua ekolu kanaka ana i alakaʻi - Stalin, Trotsky a me Zinoviev. Molotov Ua mau Ua he puppet o ka mua a me ka He kokekau wale. Nolaila, e like me ka 'Aeʻa ana o ke Kakauolelo-Nui, oia' Imi paipai aʻo kai eʻe ma ka Central Komite, mua ma luna o ka "Trotskyist", a laila, "Zinoviev" kū'ē.

January 1, 1926 V. M. Molotov lilo i lâlâ o ka Politburo - ka kālai'āina kino o ke Komite Central, a komo i ka loa influential kanaka o ka aoao. I ka Ia manawa i ka make hope Stalin ka hoa paio o ka hana. Ma ka lā o ka hookahakaha o kaʻumi makahiki o ka OkatobaʻOiʻenehana i Ua ho'āhewa wale ma luna o Trotsky mau kākoʻo. Koke aku la ia a hoʻokuewa wale 'ia aneea oneiaey i honorary pio, a laila, paʻa haʻalele i ka USSR.

Molotov ua Stalin ka papa alakaʻi mele ma ka Moscow City Party Komite. He mau pâʻani 'o ia ma luna o kekahi o na luna o ka ai-kapaia pono-'ēheu kū'ē Nikolaya Uglanova, a, ma ka hopena, kaili ae i ka lāʻau kū o ka First Kakauolelo o ka CIM. Ma 1928-1929 GG. Politburo lala la oia i keia wahi. I loko o kēia mau mau mahina, Molotov paʻa i ka ÷ ma Moscow ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe i hoʻomākaukauʻia. Mai laila, i hookuu aku la ia i nā hoa a pau o Stalin. Naʻe, i ka repression o ka wā he kŘpa a mehana -ʻaʻohe kekahi i ole i ua pana aku la ia a hoouna aku la i ka hana mau wahi i hoomoanaʻi.

ʻImi Loa collectivization

Hekili o kona mau hoa, a me Stalin Molotov i ka hoʻomaka o ka 1930s nae ka hooponopono mana o Koba. Ke Kakauolelo Nui hoomaikai aku la i ka hoolaa ana me ka molowa ole o kona lima'ākau. I ka 1930, ma hope o ka resignation o Rykov i ka hakahaka lapauila o ka Luna hoomalu o ka 'Aha o People ka Commissars o ka USSR. Ua Ua UAIAaIN e Molotov Vyacheslav Mihaylovich. I ka pōkole, lilo 'o ia i ke poʻo o ka Soviet aupuni, e paa ana i ka pou a hiki i 1941.

Mai ka hoʻomaka o ka collectivization i loko o ke kula Molotov hou pinepine hele ma ka pāʻoihana huakaʻi ma ka aina. He alakaʻi i ka pio ana o na kulaks i loko o ka Ukraine. Ka moku'āina koi 'ia nā mea a pau kua'āina berena i alakaiia'ku e kū'ē'ē mai i loko o ka kauhale. Ma ke komohana wahi hiki haunaele. Ke Soviet alakaʻiʻana, a aho, kino Stalin, hoʻoholo ihola ia e ka "nui ua lele akula nō" - heʻoi hoʻomaka 'ana o ka industrialization o ka hoʻokele waiwai hope iho. No ka mea, ua pono i ke kala. Ka mea, ua laweʻia ma ke kuai ana o ka hua liilii ma kahi e aku. E kiʻi ia, i ke aupuni ka hoʻomaka 'requisitioning i ka wa e ohi ai, mai ko na kauwa. About keia hana ana a me Vyacheslav Molotov. Ua piha ke Kawaihae o keia functionary i ka 1930 me kela sinister a me ka hui Episode. Ka mua keia kai eʻe ua hoouka ma Ukrainian mahiʻai.

ole Inefficient like aina ke Makuakane me kā lākou huakaʻi like me ka mua elima-makahiki kuka no ka palaoa procurements. I ka hōʻeaʻana i loko o Moscow gloomy papa hoike e pili ana i ka ohi ai ana o 1932, ka Kremlin hoʻoholo e hoʻoponopono ai i ka hou nalu o repression, i kēia manawa,ʻaʻole wale aku i na kulaks, akā, i ka kūloko aoao organizers ole Makuakane me kā lākou hana. Akā, i kēia mau ana e ole hoola Ukraine mai ka pololi.

Ka lua o kanaka i loko o ka moku'āina

Ma hope iho o ka make ana o ka kulaks kai eʻe a hemo i ka hou kaua, a i mālamaʻia e Molotov. USSR mai kona inception Ua pio ka polokalamu ka authoritarian moku'āina. Stalin Ua pili kēia i kona entourage ho'āpono pakele ana o na mea he nui o ke kue i ka aoao o ka Bolsheviks. Ua i ka hilahila functionaries kipaku mai Moscow, loaa nīnūnē kulana ma na outskirts o ka aina.

Akā, ma hope o ka kīmopō o Kirov i ka makahiki 1934, ua hoʻoholo ihola Stalin e hoʻohana i kēia mea me ka hoaponoiaʻi no ka physical luku ana o ka hua'ōlelo i makemake. Hoomakaukau i ka hoʻomaka 'ana no ka hōʻike i nā pā hale. I ka 1936, i ka hookolokolo e ku e Zinoviev a me Kamenev i hoʻonohonoho. Nā Mamua o ka Bolshevik Party i hoopiiia ke komo i loko o ka counterrevolutionary Trotskyist hui. Ua ua he pono-? Aaony propaganda moʻolelo. Molotov, ma muli naʻe o kona kohu pono e like, kū'ē i ka 'aha hoʻokolokolo. A laila, aneane oia e hina luahi e repression. Stalin ua hiki ke malama i kona kākoʻo i loko o ponopono. Ma hope iho o kēia episode, Molotov loa ho'āʻo i ka oukou pale ana i ka nalu i ka hookuku kaua ana o ka weliweli. Ma ke kue, oia lilo iho la iʻeleu aku i komo.

Ma ka hoʻomaka o ka Nui Patriotic Kaua o ka 25 People ka Commissars, ka mea i hana i loko o ka SNK i ka makahiki 1935 mamuli, ola wale Voroshilov, Mikoyan, Litvinov, Kaganovich a Molotov iho Vyacheslav. Aina, professionalism, ka makee ana i ka alihi kaua - pau keia i nalowale kekahi ano. Ma lalo o ka wili ana o ka NKVD ke loaa i kekahi. I ka 1937, ua i ka Luna hoomalu o ka SNK ma kekahi o na plenums o ka Central Komite me ka diatribe ma i kahea e toughen i ke kaua e kū'ē i enemi o na kanaka a me nā kiu.

It Molotov hoʻokumu pū nā mea hoʻololi, ukali ma ka "troika" loaa i ka pono, e hoahewa i ka hāʻupu i wale ole, akā, holoʻokoʻa kahua kaua. Kēia i hana i mea e kōkua i ka hana o ke kino. Ke heyday o ka repression iloko loko o 1937-1938 GG,, Auhea ka NKVD, a me nā pā hale wale hiki ole Makuakane me ke kahe o ka mea i hoopiiia. Ka weliweli i huli,ʻaʻole wale nō i loko o ka aoao alakaʻi. He hoopa iho la no hoi oia maluna o ka mea maʻamau kanaka o ka USSR. Akā, Stalin kuhikuhi kino kākoʻo kula kiʻekiʻe ' "Trotskyists", Japanese kiu a me nā poe kipi. Ma hope o ka luna i ka hihia, hina iho la i loko o hilahila hoʻoikaika i kona poe hoa. I ka 1930 Molotov maoli i ka lua o kanaka i loko o ka moku'āina. Hōʻike i nā kūhelu hookahakaha o kona 50th lā hoʻomanaʻo i ka 1940. A laila, i ka Luna hoomalu o ka SNK ole wale loaa lehulehu moku'āina Ka hoʻolilo 'ia. I kona hanohano i ke kulanakauhale o Perm Kapa hou i ke Molotov.

People ka Commissar no ko na Aina e

No ka Molotov ua i loko o ka Politburo,ʻo ia me ka papa kiʻekiʻe Soviet kūhelu 'ole i loko o kuwaho. Luna hoomalu o ka CPC, a me ka People ka Commissar no ko na Aina e no ka USSR Maxim Litvinov pinepine kū'ē'ē 'oe ma luna o kumuhana o ka pili a me ke komohana, a no laila, ma luna o .. I ka 1939 ua he reshuffle. Litvinov haʻalele i kona wahi, a me Molotov ua i ka People ka Commissar no ko na Aina e. Stalin i kauoha mai ai iā ia e like ma ka manawa ia kuwaho i kekahi manawa hou lilo i ka hoʻoholo 'ololi no ke ola o ka mea a pau aupuni.

I alakai aku ai i ka hoʻokuʻu loa 'ia o Litvinov? Ua Ua manaoio ia Molotov ma keia naʻe ua oi pono no ke Kakauolelo-Nui, e like me ka mea, ua he kākoʻo iā ia, o ka rapprochement me Germany. Eia hou, ma hope, ua hoonohoia iho Scriabin Commissar, ma kana oihana, he hou nalu o repression, i 'ae' Stalin, e pakele no ka diplomats, e kokua i kana poe kuwaho.

A lohe o Pelelina i ike o ka pāʻewaʻewa Litvinova, Hitler kena ae i kona mau âlapa pôhili me e loaʻa mai i ka mea hou naʻau i loko ma Moscow. Ma ke kupulau o 1939, Stalin nō hoole, akā, hope hoʻoholo i loko o ke kau, e ka waiwai e ho'āʻo i ka 'imi i ka hoʻomaopopo like' ōlelo me ka Apana Reich, aʻaʻole Pelekane a me Palani. August 23 ka ia makahiki, hiki ma Moscow, German na Aina Kuhina Joachim av Ribbentrop. Ke kūkā 'wale Stalin, a Molotov pu me ia. Ua i lohe e pili ana i ko lakou manao i na lala 'ē aʻe o ka Politburo, a, no ka laʻana, ua alakai ai i ka hilahila Voroshilov, ka mea ma ia manawa ua ma ka malama o ana me ko Farani a me Enelani. Ka hopena o ka hōʻeaʻana mai o ka German'aheʻelele i ke kaulana ole-aggression pact. Ua ua iʻikeʻia e like me ka Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, eia nae, o ka papa, hoomaka ae la ka inoa e e hoʻohana nui ma hope ma mua o nā hanana i wehewehe.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE palapala i ka loaʻa o nā malu Hola Pūnaewele. E like me kona ai, i ka Soviet Union, a Germany maheleia Hawaiian Europe i spheres o ka ole. Kēia hoʻoponoponoʻana o Kamehameha ae Stalin, e hoʻomaka i ke kaua e ku e ia Finland,'iā ka Baltic Huiia, Moldova a me Poland. Pehea nui o ka makana i ma kēia mau aelike Molotov? Ole-aggression pact i ka inoa ma hope o kona inoa, akā, o ka papa, ua i nā mea a pau i ke ki hoʻoholo ma Stalin. His Commissar ua wale hooponopono ana o ka makemake o ka alihi kaua. Ma ka mau makahiki e hiki mai ana, a hiki i ka hoʻomaka o ke Kaua Honua II, Molotov i ka hapanui wale kuwaho.

Great Patriotic War

E like me kona kalaiaina auwai a Molotov loaa 'ike e pili ana i ka makaukau ana o ka Apana Reich no ke kaua me ka Soviet Union. Akā,ʻo ia i i paʻa nui i mau hoike, no ka mea, ua makau iho la ia o ka hilahila ma ka aoao o Stalin. Alakaʻi kau ma luna o ka papaʻaina i ka ia undercover memo, akā, ka mea, i ole lulu oia i kona manaoio i Hitler makemake ole aa e hoouka aku i ka USSR.

Ia mea i kahaha ko oukou naau i ka June 22, 1941 Molotov ma hope o kona aʻa Makehewa o kaumaha walawala ai e ka lono o ke kukala ana o ke kaua. Akā, iā ia, Stalin ao, e hana i kona kaulana ka olelo, i ka hōʻike ma ka Radio i ka lā o ka Wehrmacht ho'āhewa wale. Iloko o ke kaua Molotov mālama lākouʻano nui kalaiaina hana. He ua no hoi he hope o Stalin ma ka State Pale Kaua Komite. People ka Commissar wale koke loaʻa iā ia iho ma ke alo, i kona wa i hoouna aku ai e noiʻi ana i ka noho ana o ka palaoa pio ma Vyazma ana ma ka Akuma ka 1941.

i loko o ka doghouse

Ma ka Ewa o ke Kaua Honua II Molotov i Luna hoomalu o ka SNK oia i UAIAaIN e Stalin ia ia iho. I ka, ma hope, he mea malu, na kanaka o ka commissar noho ma kona wahi i ka malama o kuwaho. He komo i loko o ka hālāwai mua o ka un, a no laila, pinepine aku i kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia. Mawaho, na mea a pau nana pono no Molotov. Naʻe, i ka 1949, ua hopu ia e kana wahine Polina Zhemchuzhina. He ua he Iudaio ma ka hanau ana, a ua nui ka kanaka i loko o ka Iudaio Antifascist Komite. Iki ma hope o ka kaua, ka Soviet Union a hemo ka Anati-Semitic kai eʻe, kaulana nō e Stalin ia ia iho. Pearl maoli ai haule iho i loko o ka palaoa o ka ia. E hopu ka wahine a Molotov ka ua i kaʻeleʻele.

Mai 1949, lilo iho la oia i ka pinepine pani no Stalin, ka poe i hoomaka e ache. Naʻe, Ua hemo ka ia kupulau functionary o kona wahi like Commissar. Ma ka XIX Ahaolelo Lahui o ka Party, Stalin i i komo ia i loko o ka hou Presidium o ka Central Komite. hoomaka ae la i ka 'aoʻao e nana i Molotov me ke kanaka make. All hoailona hōʻike i ka aina ke hiki mai i ka hou kāmaʻa luna, like me ka kekahi mea i pono ?? ke Soviet Union ma na 1930s. Ano, Molotov i kekahi o na nā kānaka noi manawaleʻa mua ia e pana aku la ia. E like me na memoirs o Khrushchev, Stalin ia ia me ka leo nui i kekahi manawa, olelo mai o kona ulu maila i ka mua People ka Commissar no ko na Aina e, ua pūʻali koa i mea eʻenemi Western manao i kona kalaiaina poe mikanele o loko o ka United States.

Stalin ka make ma hope o

Molotov hoola wale koke ka make ana o Stalin, March 5, 1953. Kona hele i ka kŰia ole wale no o ka aina, aka, i ke koke mai i ke kaiapuni. Ma keia manawa Stalin lilo i akua, kona make ua paakiki i ka manaoio. Na kanaka, he mau lono i Molotov i puku i ka luna, e like me ke poo o ka moku'āina. Ua ka hopena i hōʻike i kona kaulana, e like me ka loihi o-kau hana ma ka papa kiʻekiʻe kulana.

Akā, Molotov kekahi manawa hou i i koi ae i alakaʻi. "Ka like mana" hou i kauoha mai ai ia Kuhina o ko na Aina e. Molotov kākoʻo Khrushchev, a me kona entourage i loko o ka kaua ma luna o Beria, a Malenkov. Eia naʻe i kupu mai hoao ana he nui loa. Ka mea waiwai recurrent hoopaapaa e pili ana kuwaho. No huʻi i ka ninau o ke ana me Yugoslavia. Eia hou kekahi, Molotov, Voroshilov a me Khrushchev Kupanaha kumu no kona hoʻoholo ma luna o ka ulu o ka puupaa aina. Hana Party nō nā lā ka wā wale kekahi luna i loko o ka aina. Khrushchev i, o ka papa, i ole i ke kaʻana like 'ana hapaʻumi o ka mana, a ua Stalin. Ka nele o ka lako e kaumaha e ho'ōla alakai aku ai i kona resignation.

Akā, ma mua ia me kona alakaʻi nā kūlana hana a hui hou Molotov. I ka 1957, oia ka hui hanohano i me Kaganovich a me Malenkov ma ka ai-kapaia Anati-aoao pae. Ke kumu o ke kaua ua Khrushchev i? Aaony e haʻalele. Naʻe, i ka aoao loa hiki ke pau ke koho pae. Ukali ma kekahi rematch o ke kahua. Molotov lilo i kona wahi i haole kuhina.

nā makahiki

Ma hope o 1957, Molotov paʻa nīnūnē aupuni pou. No ka laʻana, ka mea, ua elele ia Mongolia. Ma hope o noʻonoʻo loi o kona hooholo ana XXII Ahaolelo Lahui kipaku mai i ka pāʻina, a hoouna aku la i loko o ko Laieikawai. Molotov noho hana a kona mau lā hope. E like me ke kula kanaka, i palapala mai ai, a paʻiʻia nā puke a me nā 'atikala. I ka makahiki 1984, ua he kanaka elemakule ua hiki ke hoʻokō i ka hoihoi hou ana o ka Communist Party.

Ma ka 1980s ka haku mele iho la o Pelika Chuev paʻiʻia mai, helu o lākou i kamaʻilio me ka mastodon o Soviet kulekele. A, no ka laʻana, he moopuna o Vyacheslav Molotov pili aupuni kanaka kālailai Vyacheslav Nikonov i ka mea kākau o ka memoirs a me ka piha noiʻi ma ka Kawaihae o ka Soviet functionary. Ka mua ka lua o ke kanaka i loko o ka moku'āina, make i ka makahiki 1986, i ka makahiki o ka 96 makahiki.