Workshop ma ka Lūkini 'ōlelo: He aha ka ka grammatical kumu

Kaumaha - ke kumu o ka mokuna o ka 'ae waha' ano o ka 'ōlelo, ka papa kuhikuhi kumuhana mea o Ka Mooolelo O. Key semantic a grammatical nā noi-oaio?ʻana i kona predicative manawa.

Grammatical kumu o ka manaʻoi hāpai 'ia a me kona ano

I ka loiloi mua manaʻo o ka mea grammatical kumu, haawiia i nā haumāna nō i loko o ke kula haʻahaʻa. Detail a me ka hohonu predicative naehana? Anoee ia e hele i ka "poe noonoo ole olelo Ka Mooolelo O" a me ka "luna ''ōlelo Ka Mooolelo O." Ua i laila e aʻo haumāna, a aʻo eʻike ma waena o hoʻokahiʻanuʻu a me nā-hapa manaʻoi hāpai 'ia, piha paha kāpili predicative kāna mau' ōlelo aʻo i loko o nā mea o ka olelo o ke kumuhana, a predicate.

No ka hoʻoholo 'ana i ka mea a ka grammatical muli o kēlā me kēia kanaka kaumaha, e pono e kaʻawale ia i loko o ke poʻo kumu a mea kumu a me ka hōʻike' ana i ko lākouʻano o ka hōʻike. Ua hoʻomanaʻoʻia ai ia i loko o ka hoʻokahi-hui e kaumaha ana i ka grammatical kumu ua poe e wale kekahi lālā o ka papa kuhikuhiE - malalo paha predicate. Ma Biconstituent nā makana.

• Mononuclear kaumaha.

Mononuclear nā noi e māheleʻia i loko o denominative a me ka waha. Ke kumuhana i hoike ia e ka noun a me kekahi aoao o ka'ōlelo i loko o ke ano o ka noun - i ka mea he grammatical kumu denominative nā noi (Ua haule mawaho o ka puka makani; aka o ka lau ma luna o koʻu nui pale).

E kaumaha ana waha 'ʻano pihaʻi holo nōhie wale predicates. Lakou, ma ka huli, ua mahele ia i loko o eha (kekahi noiʻi kuhikuhi i ekolu) hoailona ia mea: definite, pilikino, vague, pilikino, generalized-pilikino a me ka impersonal. hana i ke kūlana o ka predicate verb I kela a me keia o ia mau mea i loko o ka palapala ana i kekahi mau 'kanaka a me ka helu. Ka hāpai 'ana o ka hopeʻano a Mānoa predicate hana hua'ōlelo kūlana waeʻano (halulu ai hou, a hou ka doorbell, me ka hooki ole; hau paa ma ka alanui mea,ʻaʻole he'ōlelo hoʻomakeʻaka).

I kekahi mau mea hou huikau e aʻo i ka grammatical muli o ke kāpili pohihihi. He nui ke aʻo i ka ike i ka nalowale kumuhana a predicate, a hoihoi aku ia ia mai ka pōʻaiapili. I ka papa kuhikuhiE hilahila ke hele mai, mai ka nele o ke hoʻokaʻawale ma waena o hookahi-haku mele 'ana a me ka kāpili pohihihi. No ka laʻana, ma ka olelo "nohona ma - puddles a me puddles hehee hou hau" ka mua hapa Ua kāpili. Mai ka pōʻaiapili, ua hiki wale hoihoi i ka wiwoʻole predicate - alohi. Pela, ma keia manaʻoi hāpai 'grammatical o ke kumu malalo i "puddle", kaheaia like me ka noun, a me ka hala, akā, hoihoi i ka verb "alohi", kaheaia ma ka verb i loko o ka Plural, keia Makamae, kolu o kanaka, i ka hōʻike naʻau i loko.

• elua-hapa kaumaha

Ma Biconstituent kumuhana hoohewaia e hōʻike kekahi i loko o ka kuokoa hapa o ka olelo a me ka manaʻo o ka noun hopuna'ōlelo, a me indivisible, a laila 'ia paha nä hopuna. Me he kuokoa hapa o ka hapanui o nā 'ōlelo, koe wale no ka noun, pronoun, adjective, participle, a me ka numeral :

Animals ke ae aku a me ka hea nui, kanaka;

Ua screamed ka leo nui, a e hooluhi ana i kona mau lima;

Nui piha me ka mahu;

I hiki ai i ka po, e noho i loko o ko lākou mau wahi;

Pehea naʻaupō kēia - e pana mai ka pū ma luna o manu liilii he!

Nō hoʻi, e like me ia e hala loa he pinepine horn ma kekahi mau verb 'ano apau loa. Yawn i loko o ka maka o ka mea' ē aʻe aoao ua manaoia i ka hoailona o ka pilikia kaʻaiʻana.

Ke predicate i loko o ka elua-hapa manaʻoi hāpai 'ia, hoi, ua kekahi mau ano o ka olelo, HEN, mai maʻamau waha a pau me ka palena iki māhele o ka olelo a me nä hopuna. He nui e hoʻomōhala i nā haumāna i ka ai-kapaia syntactic makaʻala no laila, i ka mea hiki me ka nui o ka pilikia, e 'imi a me ka hoakaka i ka palena o ka mika a me ka grammar hoʻokumu paʻaʻana.

Grammatical kumu ma ka hua'ōlelo ho okumu

I ka manaʻo o ka grammatical kumu oʻaʻole wale nō Ka Mooolelo O akā, i olelo-ho okumu. I ka hua'ōlelo ho okumu grammar o ka hua'ōlelo - ia mea māhele o ka hua'ōlelo me ka hopena. Ua nā, mua o nā mea a pau, i ke kumu, a laila, na nā eiiiiiaiou - prefixes, suffixes, Postfix.

Ke kumu nui loa o ka grammatical kumu o ka hua'ōlelo - kumu. Ua loaʻa ka lexical manaʻo o cognate hua'ōlelo. Me ka mole hua'ōlelo like me ka okoa lexical a me ka grammatical naehana 'ole e hana.

Ke'ī mai, i ka manawa "ka grammatical kumu" ua multivalued ma ka linguistics, a hoʻokō i kekahi mau'ōlelo pae.