Ala hele, mai ka Vikings a hiki i ka Helene - ia ... nā moʻolelo ala hele, mai ka Vikings a hiki i ka Helene: he hōʻike o ke kulanakauhale, muliwai

No ka 'ike e pili ana i ala mai ka Vikings a hiki i na Helene, i ka mea, o na aina e pili ana i ka Baltic kai, ke Kaiwaenahonua aina, ua koho ia e ko kākou mau kūpuna no ikona huakaʻi, a me kekahi manawa koa paipai aʻo kai eʻe, e malama i Ke Ea O Ka' aoʻao o ke au kahiko oʻoihana. Ahuwale ia, ua ho'āʻo i ka manaʻo i ka manawa ma mua i loko o poho oblivion au, a kumumea i ke ala intrepid poe kuai kaʻahele.

? Aiiioe? -'āina alanui mua

I ia mau lā, i ka hōʻikeʻano o ka i ua iloko o loko o ka nui o Bygone Nam - kahikoʻoihana aliʻi, kona kilo ua wahi ia Kiev hemolele kaulana o Nestor ke kakaolelo - alanui i loko o ke aloha o ka olelo ua ole. Akā, mahope mai o ka hooulu ana o ke kuai ana i kauoha mai a eia i huakaʻi, koho kamailio mau kuamoo i lilo i ka muliwai, i ka waiwai nui loa maʻEulopa.

He no kēia? Aiiioe? Neʻe kalepa waapa piha i ka waiwai i haawi ia e ia i loko o ka'āina kokoke. Over manawa, e hele e hoopakela aku kekahi, ma ka aoao loa pono o ka a i hana mua ia kekahi poe kalepa? Ooia, kalepa ae la lakou ma luna o ia me kēlā me kēiaʻumi makahiki lilo hou, pili.

Ka hapa nui o, ua kīkoʻo akula oihana ala

I ka ho okumu ana o kēia mau oihana? Ooia ka loa pono i ka poʻe e noho lā ma ka Hawaiian kulekele. Lākou mau kauhale, lilo iho la i waiwai loa, i nā lilo kalepa aka wahi, a me kekahi e ho'ōla huli i loko o ke kūlanakauhale. Eia hou kekahi, muliwai a me ke kai laina o ke kamaʻilio, ai pili aku me kekahi i kekahi hoʻokele waiwai e hoʻomōhala ana i West i ka waiwai'āina o ka hikina, ka pilina i ke kukuluia'na o ka hoʻonohonoho 'ana, e like me ke ana o ka honua moʻomeheu.

I kekahi o kēia mau? Ooia i ka oihana ala mai ka Vikings a hiki i na Helene, i ho'ākāka 'ia i loko o au mamuli ma ke kakaolelo Nestor. He ua manaoia i ka loa o ka ÿö mai o nā mea a pau i ka ike 'epekema. Kona lōʻihi mea wale nō ma luna o ka mokuna o ka wā kahiko Rusia i kahi o 2850 kilomika, me ka mea ole wale holo ma na muliwai a me ic ??, akā, i kekahi ma ka aina, kahi a ka moku i ke kauo kauo aku.

Mai ka Baltic a hiki i na kapakai o ka hoʻohalahala lā o Helene

Ala hele, mai ka Vikings a hiki i ka Helene - he oihana ala hele e kuhikuhi ana i ka hoʻokele waiwai e hoʻomōhala ana i ioauoa o ka Baltic Sea mokuna (ke kakaolelo i hea ia Varangian) me Central Rus, a ma hope - a me kona lehulehu kekahi i ko na'lii. Next hele aku la ia i na steppes o ka Black Sea, e noho ana ma ia manawa i ke awa o nomads, a me, ka uhaʻiʻana i ka Black Sea, i Byzantium - hikina mokuna o ka manawa hookahi ikaika, akā, ma ka manawa o ka Roma aupuni a pau disintegrated. Ka haʻalele 'ana ma hope o ka bustling wahi kanaka o Constantinople, akau negotiators hoomau i ko lakou hele ana a hiki i ke Kaiwaenahonua, ma ka mea, kali ana no ka waiwai Hawaiian kulanakauhale. E hoi kakou i ke kalepa ala mai ka Vikings a hiki i ka Helene, a kālele ana ma luna o kona papa kuhikuhi kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao.

Ka hoʻomaka o ka hele loa

Ua Ua manaoio aku ia ia i kona kumu ma Lake Mälaren ua ke aupuni 'o ka mea manawa Kuekene. Ma ka mokupuni, aia i loko o ka-oaio? A, a he mea i ka hooponopono i kapaia o Birka i kēia lā, i loko o ka wā kahiko, he nui Home Land, a i ua'ākoakoa mai nā mea a pau ma luna o Scandinavia huahana, a ma laila i kekahi brisk kalepa. Kēia Ua e hoikeike ai ma nâ malihini kahiko o kekahi'āina, loaʻa i kāu mau hulikoehana hanaʻeliʻana.

Mai laila na waiwai e lawe ana waapa mai i loko o ka Baltic (Varangian) Sea , a hoʻoneʻe i ka mokupuni o Gotland, Ua hoi he nui kālepa Hub, na noho o i i wehe 'ia mai ke kalepa ana o ka hailonaʻana no ia e pōmaikaʻi ai, a laila, ikaika Welcome hoaʻai. Hana iho la ia ia i ka helu o nā wahi kalepa dila, a hoʻopiha nō ia iā lāʻau kūpeʻe, kalepa, e hahai ana ma ka Baltic kahakai, hele aku la i loko o ka waha o ka Neva, a, ala ma luna o ka mea, haule iho la ia i loko o Lake Ladoga.

Ma ka aouli o Ladoga i Novgorod

It E e hoʻomaopopo i ka mea ala, mai ka Vikings a hiki i ka Helene - ka mea, ua paʻakikī kaumaha a me ka weliweli mea e hanaʻi. 'Aʻole wale nō kai ala hele pauku, akā, i ka muliwai a me ka moana wai, ua fraught me ka nui he pilikia. I ka hoʻomaka o ka repetition, lanakila rapids neva i e huki i ka moku i ke kai, a me ka nui kaawale, e kauo i ko lakou portage, i koi nui ke kākoʻo 'ana a me ke ahonui. Like no ka Ladoga, inoino ike no kona ulia ai ka makani ino, ka mea, i kekahi manawa ke awa o no ka huakaʻi puʻumake.

Next, hōʻike no ka piha ala hele, mai ka Vikings a hiki i na Helene, i ka kakaolelo mau moʻolelo i kekahi Lake Ladoga convoys i ka muliwai Volkhov , a hiki Novgorod, ka mea mua nui Lūkini kulanakauhale, e halawai ana ma ko lakou alanui no ka manawa lōʻihi ma laila, ua loohia lakou. Kekahi poʻe kālepa,ʻaʻole makemake e hoʻomau i ke ala imua, a, e hoao hopena, a kuai lilo aku i Novgorod kuai lākou me nā huahana a, e kuai i ka hou kekahi, hoi mai nei.

Ma ke ala ana i ka Dnieper

Ka poe i maopopo leʻa makemake e kiʻi waiwai ma ka lā kahakai o ke Kaiwaenahonua, hoʻomau i kā lākou ala. Ma hope o ka haʻalele 'Novgorod, ka mea, piʻi ka Volkhov, a hiki i Lake Ilmen, i ukali mai ma ka hookupu ana i ka muliwai Lovat ia. Next, o ka poe kalepa, e noho ana i loko o waapa i waena o bales o ka waiwai, ho ka manawa, e kikoo i kou mau wāwae: hele Lovat, i ka mea e huki i ko lakou mau moku i uka a me ka hoʻohana 'ana i nā lāʻau rollers, kauo ia a hiki i ke kai o ka Western Dvina.

Ma kona kai noho mai ka wā kahiko kuai hou, a me ka 'aneʻi i ka Scandinavians ma ka likeʻole ma o ka poʻe kālepa hui Slavic, kekahi ma ka huli' ana o ka ino ma luna o lākou i hele ai a hiki i nā kūlanakauhale o ke Kaiwaenahonua. A pau no ia i ke kali ana ma ke alo o ka hou kaumaha, like ma waena o nā ipu o ka Western Dvina , a Dnepr, a kau i ko lakou ala, i ka mai ana mai Hike, conjugate a pau me ka ia kauo ma ka aina maloo, ka mea liʻiliʻi, akā, na waiwai kaumaha moku.

ʻIliahi i loko o nā kūlanakauhale Pridneprovya

Ka Ho 'i loko o ka wai o ka Dnieper, ma na kapa o ka a ka mea, he mea nui na kulanakauhale e like Smolensk, Chernigov, Lubitsch, a me ka hope, i ka makuwahine o Lūkini kūlanakauhale - Kiev, kaʻahele loaa he pono uku no a pau ka lakou mau hana hoʻonui. I kela a me keia o ia ma laila i kekahi brisk kalepa, ai ka waiwai kuai lilo aku la i auou caiaiai ma ka lānai hou kuai a me ka poe kalepa voluminous 'mau hipuu lilo i ka maikai roundness.

Eia, e like me ia ma Novgorod, kekahi huakaʻi pau kona alanui a ma keia hope aku i ka mea hou e haawe hoʻi. A laila, ua hahai wale i ka loa,ʻAʻole eʻole, no ka mea, ma ka mea kahiko lā ala mai ka Vikings a hiki i ka Helene - ia ia, ma ka mea, he hana nui loa i ka hopena, no laila, nui unforeseen a me ka unpredictable paha manaʻo daredevils.

Way kēlāʻaoʻao o ke kai

Lākou hou Hawaii hoʻomaka koke i ka Dnieper rapids, no ko ka i ia manawa i ka pilikia nui i ka hoʻokele, e like me ka moku i e e kauo aku la ma ke kahakai, kahi a lakou e kali ana no ka poʻe hoʻohālua nomads, announces ke kahakai uwe ana i ko lakou mau pua. Akā,ʻo ka poʻe e hoʻokele i ana kekahi mauʻeleʻele mau kiko, a hele mai i loko o ka Black Sea, nō hiki ole hanu i ke kaniʻuhūʻana o ke ola - ma ke alo o ia makemake hou he pilikia.

Akā, 'aneʻi, hiki hope ke ku pono ana i kahakai, i ka hopena o ka waiho waho negotiators loaʻa iā lākou iho i loko o ka waiwai a me ka bapetizoia ma o ka hana maʻamau kapikala o ka Byzantine aupuni a pau - Constantinople, a i ka Slavs i kapaia o Constantinople. Eia ma ka walaʻau a me ka polyphonic wahi kanaka i laweia mai ka waiwai profitably kuai, haawi ana i wahi i ka hou me ke koe.

Crown hana, a hoʻi i ka hale

Ala hele, mai ka Vikings a hiki i na Helene, i ka hōʻike 'ia' o ka a mākou i loaʻa i loko o Nestor ke kakaolelo, hele hou ma na wai o ke Kaiwaenahonua kai. He alakaʻi ka poe e hoʻokele i ka pale aku i ka makani ino mai ai, kuni, a me ka halawai ana me na pirates, ua hana hoʻokipa ma luna o ke aouli o ka wai, i loko o ka Rome pomaikai a me nā waiwai kulanakauhale o Italy, a Greece. Ka mea, ua i ka wahi hope loa o ka hele ana - i ka hopena o na mahina o ka hana. Eia naʻe, mahalo no kona lokomaikaʻi i no i kakahiaka nui - ke alo i hiki ole emi mea pepehi ala hoʻi.

E kiʻi i ka hale a me ka haʻalele i loko o darling, Oahu, poe kalepa ma ke Kaiwaenahonua withdrawing kā lākou huakaʻi i loko o ka 'Akelanika' a, palekoki i ka holoʻokoʻa kapakai o Western 'Eulopa, i na kapakai o Scandinavia. Ke ho'āʻo nei e kń i ke kamepiula a me ka neʻe like kokoke i hiki i ke kai, noho iho la lakou ma ka nui Hawaiian kūlanakauhale a pau, kahi āna i mālama 'ia kā lākou kūʻai i pau ole, a kuai. Ke'ī mai, ke ala mai ka Vikings a hiki i ka Helene, he manawa pōkole ano o ka mea i ke kumuhana o keia 'atikala, i ka wahī o ka pau ana o Europa, a na welau i loko o kona omaka.

Ka laulā o ke kalepa waiwai

He aha ua kālepa lākou, ka poʻe i hele ma ia o ka hele ana paakiki a me ka weliweli, mai ka Vikings a hiki i na Helene? Kaona aia ma na kahakai o ka moana a me na muliwai, ma i holo aku la lakou me ka ihu, i kā lākou mau kanaka aneiai ano, a me ia mea, o ka papa, loli ka assortment like privozimyh, a hoʻolilo waiwai. He mea maopopo loa, no ka laʻana, Volyn a me Kyiv i kaumaha aku ai i loko o nui na mea, a no ia mea, ma ka loa kupono o na lilo o ka berena, i ke kālā, nā mea kaua, a me ka dukima o kūloko akamai.

Novgorod kupa generously lako i ke kuai me für für-e hali ana i na holoholona, ka meli, mahuahua, a me ka hapanui importantly - i ka ulu lāʻau, nike, a loaʻa i loko o kā lākou mau panalāʻau, a mākaukau hiki ole no ia ma ka hema. Mai ke ala o ka Vikings i na Helene a kaahele lakou ma ka helu nui o nā kūlanakauhale a me ke ahiahi, aina me ka mau, ao ke ano o ka hoʻokele waiwai, me ka laulā o ka waiwai ua mau hoʻololi.

Nui, like me ka rula, ua mea, hoomaka ae la ka trek poe kalepa loa piha rook maoli Baltic makana: mea kaua, Amber a me ka ulu lāʻau. A hoʻi - hookaumahaia'ku ma na meaʻala, huakaʻi i ke kai waina, puke, nani fabrics a me na hana o ka Jewelry oe.

Ke ole o ka oihana ala a hiki i ke kūpono 'ana o ka moku'āina

E like me ka loa authoritative noiʻi, ke ala mai ka Vikings a hiki i ka Helene - ka mea, ua ka loa nui ololi i alakaʻi ai i ka hooulu ana a kūwaho hoʻi pili o ia au. He mahalo ia ia Makamua Rusia, e hoʻoikaika 'ana me Byzantium, kahi i hele mai ai i Kristiano, a me ka kela oaoieei-HOU, e like me me ka aina o ke Kaiwaenahonua.

Ma na wahi lulu ola o ka Old Lūkini moku'āina, la oia i 'ole e kuhikuhi ana na puu nui kona kikowaena like Novgorod a me Kiev. Eia hou kekahi, i ke aloha a hiki i keia luawai-hoʻokumu ala hele o ka kālepa huakaʻi, ua hiki i ka 'elele i hoolilo i kona kihi a ma na waiwai kēlā kokoke kulanakauhale. 'O kēia ka loa maikaʻi ia ma luna o ka hoʻokele waiwai e like me ka a pau.

ʻIliahi He ala hele, lilo pipiʻi kaua

E like me ua ikeia mai kaʻoihana aliʻi, a me ka oi loa o ka "nui o Bygone makahiki", he nui kahiko Lūkini kenelala kaulana i loko o kā lākou mau paipai aʻo kai eʻe i hoʻohana i ke ala, mai ka Vikings a hiki i ka poe Helene. River mālama aku i alanui no ka kuai memo i loko o kēia mau hihia i ka kaua pipiʻi.

Me lakou i mea hoike, Prince Oleg, kapa wānana, a lohe nuiʻia ma palaho poem A. S. Pushkina. I ka makahiki 880, ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka mua loa-ike ala hele o ka muliwai,ʻo ia a me kona entourage e hoʻokele e kiʻi i Kiev a ka Haku e ia.

Subjugating a pau pilikia ma ke alanui o ke kulanakauhale, ke alii pela i hui pu ka hapanui o na aina Slavic. Ke'ī mai, ke ala mai ka Vikings a hiki i ka Helene, pokole i ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka kakaolelo Nestor, pâʻani' o ia i ke kūlana nui i loko o ka hoʻokumu o ka hoʻokahi Lūkini moku'āina.

Next, ma ka 907, Prince Oleg, ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka ua? Aiiioe?, I kona mau Mokuna hele i Byzantium, hoopio Constantinople a hiki ma kona mau puka pā, e like me ka hoailona o ka lanakila ana o kona mau pale kaua, i ka moʻo o lucrative kalepa a me ka mau aelike.

Na ia ala i loko o 941, e hoolilo ana i ka oihana koa huakaʻi, i na kapakai o ka Bosphorus kona hope - Prince Igor. Eia hou, e hiki no i ka inoa o Prince Svyatoslav, i kapaʻia no ka alakaʻi tālena kahiko Russian Aleksandrom Makedonskim, Aleksandra Nevskogo a me na mea e ae, skillfully hoʻohana i ka? Aiiioe? Protoronny poe kuai.