Alikhan Bukeikhanov: Kawaihae, manaʻo pili aupuni, hoomanao

No ka lōʻihi manawa i banned i ka inoa o keia kanaka, aʻo ia, e like na mea he nui o kona wā, kauoha aku manaoia ka enemi o na kanaka. Akā, no ka mea, he lōʻihi manawa keia kanaka rehabilitated, a me kana hana i hoʻolimalima i ka manao o ka mahalo mamo. I kēia lā mea he politician nui Alikhan Bukeikhanov, i ka lā hoʻomanaʻo ua hookahakaha i ka 2016 - kekahi o na aina koa o ka Repubalika o aneea oneiaey. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ma luna o ke kuahu o ke Kuokoa o ka Central hawaiian aina, aole ia i waiho i kona a pau ke ola.

ʻeleu lehulehu huahelu, huali politician, he maikaʻi loa kākau moʻolelo, he loea haumāna, a me ka patriot me ke poʻo ... A ethnologist, agronomist, economist, loio, ka poʻe puni hoʻonaʻauao - a me keia mea i ka i ka papa inoa o nā mea a pau i kona mau manamana. 'Aʻole he wahi lihi iki o ka moolelo o aneea oneiaey ike na personalities o keia nui!

I kēia lā, i kona Kawaihae a me ka 'eleu hoʻopaʻa haʻawina ma Kazakh kula. Ma keia aupuni, ka mea, ua manaoia he aupuni meʻe. No keia mea, i loko o ka Kazakh moʻolelo buke o ke kanaka me laa i ka hailona oʻaoʻao. No laila, e ka nui au mamuli o ke Kawaihae o keia nui kanaka.

Wā kamaliʻi a me ka adolescence Bukeikhanov

Wā kamaliʻi a me ka wā'ōpiopio o ka wā e hiki mai alihi kaua ana o ka aina i wahi i loko o kekahi keʻena kauhale №7 Tokraunskoy County Karkarala Apana o Semipalatinsk māhele (kēia manawa ka ia Aktogai Apana o Karaganda māhele). Ua ua malaila mea i hānau i ka lima March 1866 Bukeikhanov Alikhan Nurmuhamedovich, e lilo ana ka mua-hanau mai o ka makuakane a me ka makuwahine.

Kona ohana no a hiki i na mamo o ka Kazakh sultans o ka torus, a ua hoʻokomoʻia ka inoa Chingizid Alikhan makua kāne me ka haʻaheo. Oiaio, nui no Bukeikhanov leo hone lākou kūʻauhau mea i maopopo reflective. Ka 'ohana i pilikia i loaa i ke kālā no ka essentials.

E makemake ana e hōʻoia i kana keiki, i ka ike loea'āpana o ka berena, haawi mai ia i ka makua Alikhan Madrasah ma hope o ua noho ana ma Karkaralinsk oihana kula. Akā, hiki mai o ka wayward keiki a me au ike i ka pono o ke ao ana, uaʻilihune ia, a makemake hui i ke kula Russian-Kazakh. I ia manawa, ai ka opiopio Bukeikhanov ua wale eiwa makahiki makahiki.

Release hele mai i loko o ka nineties o ka umikumamaiwa ke kenekulia, i ka wa a ka piha kowali hana o ka Siberian alahao, a malalo oaoieei-poe hana, he mau loko o koi. Ka mea, Ua makaukau Omsk E noa ka School, nona ka haumāna a me ka lilo hoʻoilina o Genghis Khan.

Akā, hana railwayman ia ia i destined. A loea opiopio ke kanaka, e ma luna a me ka loaʻa i ke kuai economist ma ka St. Petersburg imperial eanie? Institute. Ma ia laua,ʻo ia ke kahu moku i ke kanawai ma ke Kulanui (i St. Petersburg). Kaahele i ka hope loa me kŰia, Alikhan Bukeikhanov hoʻomaka adulthood brilliantly hoʻonaʻauao kānaka uʻi - pono-ili 'oihana hiʻona'āina i loko o ke kālā no ka lanakila, nana i ike i' ōlelo eiwa. E like laila ka mea, ua maopopo i keia kanaka opio i ka nui a me ka huali wā e hiki mai.

Research hana

Ma nā mea a pau i kona ola Alikhan Bukeikhanov e hoʻokele i ka lawe 'ana i ka eha noiʻi kaua kiʻi e kaua, a kakau i kanalima kaumaha akeakamai pepa a oi ma mua o ka tausani memo a me nā' atikala.

Multifaceted ike honua, a,ʻo ia, a, ma mua ao ana makemakika ma ka mahiʻai kula, a laila, e hali ana i ka bureaucratic hana i loko o Omsk E noa ka School, oia mau e hōʻike i kekahi mea hou, a i ka hoʻonaʻauao aku ia makou iho. A ma luna o Bukeikhanov a pau manawa hoihoi i loko o ka mōʻaukala o aneea oneiaey.

Ka loa mua o ka eha kaua kiʻi e kaua no ia, ua Tobolsk, manawa i aʻo i ka ninau o resettlement Russian ma Kazakh aina. Ka mea, ua i ka hopena o ka Forest Institute pono ma hope o - i ka 1894. A ewalu makahiki ma hope, ka mea, hoomaka ae la ke ao o ka hehi māhele - a i hou hoʻoneʻe i loko o ka pāpaho i. E like me ke aupuni mea, i hoʻonohonoho i ka hanana,ʻepekema, ua e hōʻike hakahaka'āina pono no hou migrations.

Akā, me nā'ōpio patriot, e hoʻohana i kēia ike i loko o ko lākouʻaoʻao iho. A pau ana i ike ai ai lohe ai i ka kaua kiʻi e kaua, a ma hope lilo i ke kumu no konaʻepekema, a journalistic hana, ma a ka mea kākau i hoike, a hoao iho la ia keakea kulana o Kazakhs ma kona aina e like me ka hopena o deliberate resettlement kulekele o ke tsarism. Kēia moku'āina o ka mea hiki ole noho indifferent Bukeikhanov. Ia mea, ua "maʻi" a hakoko mai la me ia a hiki i ka hopena o ke ola.

Ma waho aʻeo ka noiʻi ma kaiapili-mōʻaukala kohoʻia, hana i loko o ka wā e hiki mai Kuhina Nui Kuhina o aneea oneiaey, a me ka hoʻokele waiwai, kūloko mōʻaukala, ka agrarian kaiaulu, holoholona mahinaai, a no laila, ma luna o. D.

Great kuala ua, no kekahi laʻana, kona hana laa i hehi hipa? Aneii māhele 'āina, priceless koi? Aneii mau holoholona: kahi a me ka ole lanakila maikaʻi ma mua o ka hānai, e mālama, a pela aku ...

Abay: familiarity me na hana o ka haku mele

Ka 'ike i Alikhan Bukeikhanov i hele i loko o kona maoli Kazakh'āina i lilo i ka waihona ipu, i ka wa e hana ana ma luna o ka umikumamawalu ka leo o ka "Lūkiniʻaha kanaka. Full Geographic hōʻikeʻano o ko mākou māhele 'āina. " Ia mea,ʻaʻole paʻakikī e koho i keia mea kaʻoi loa mea laa ia aneea oneiaey, a me Bukeikhanov i kekahi o nā kākau. I kona pauku, i olelo ai e pili ana i ka moʻomeheu, Hawaii, mentality a me yoiia? Hapa o ka Kazakh kanaka, e like me ki io ka mea, 'Imi hoʻohana nā lāhui kanaka hoʻi, a me ka mea kākau o ka hana, maopopo poetry. Alihana Bukeyhanova loa hoihoi i loko o ka poetry o kona Contemporary - Abai, nona ka poem "Kozy-Korpesh a me moʻolelo Sulu" oia ua kālailai i loko o kona 'epekema hana.

I ka maka o ke kanaka noiʻi Abay i kekahi o ka mea maikai ka poeikohoia o ka hou Kazakh ka pilina, koi i ke kuokoa o aneea oneiaey. A me Bukeikhanov UOAAaOON na hiki ala e kuapo lākouʻo Solomona me ka nui Kazakh haku mele.

It E e kaulana i ka mea i loko o ka wā e hiki mai "hoʻokiʻekiʻe ai" ma Abai a me kana hana ana i ka lehulehu hoolohe, e lilo ana i ka biographer mua, a hoʻomākaukau e kakau i ka buke o na hana o ka haku mele. Akā, e hoolaha i ka ohi ana o (essay) Bukeikhanov Hāʻule maila lākou i ka hopu, a i wahi i ka 1905.

Kaila lehulehu huahelu

E like me ka 'ike, a hoakaka mai i ka kūhelu Kawaihae, Alikhan Bukeikhanov, mai kona wā'ōpiopio mai hoike mai ai ia ia iho, me kaʻeleu lehulehu huahelu. No kekahi 'mea lilo he aka no ka 1893, ka wā he mamo o Genghis Khan, he lâlâ' o ia wahi me na newa (mai ka moʻokalaleo i ka 'aoʻao hoʻokele waiwai), ua komo i loko o ka haunaele, i hoʻonohonoho' ia nā haumāna. A i ka wa a ka Bukeikhanov huki mua noonoo ana i ka makai, a me ka ia i hina i loko o ka papa inoa o ka poʻe noʻonoʻo "politically unreliable."

Young Patriot pili ana i ke aupuni liberation ana o ka hehi māhele 'āina a me ka ho'ōla lilo kona alakaʻi. Kēia mea i ka nui loa he hoʻonui i ka maikaʻi loa kākā'ōlelo Bukeikhanov. Kekahi wā, i ka pomaikai maikai ia e ike i kona mau olelo, ke kapakai a ia lakou i na hana o Vladimir Lenin Ilyich, i ka i ana ia mea, e kokoke ana ma ole ala emi iki mahope o ia iā lākou i loko o expressive a me ka hoomaopopo ana.

Ka hoʻomaka o ka maikaʻi loa pili aupuni 'oihana

Maoli ai, ua ke kanaka i ka pololei ala hele i loko o kālai'āina. He hele aku ma keia alanui. I ka 1905, Alikhan Bukeikhanov lilo i lâlâ o ke Kumukanawai kemokalaka Party (Cadets) a me ka moe o e pili ana i nā (Kazakh) kona Oihana. Ma ka wā o ka malama ana i kekahi halawai i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Uralsk a me Semipalatinsk. I ka ia makahiki āna i koho hope a hiki i ka First State Duma o ka Russian aupuni a pau.

Akā, o ia ho i ka pono o Kazakhs Bukeikhanov ma luna o ka lani kiekie loa moku'āina 'ilikai,ʻaʻole au i hana ai, no ka mea, o ka Duma i mea hoʻoheheʻe aneane koke ma hope o ke koho ana. Manawa hoomaka kipi, lolelua ka - Russian haalulu maoli paakiki. Lunakanawai ho'āʻo e hoomalu aku i ko lakou mau mea e pono ai ma ka paʻi Vyborg manifesto koi e ana i ka noho male 'ana o ka tsarist Duma, akā, kā lākou mau hana i lanakila. Ma lalo o ka memo i ka inoa o Alihana Bukeyhanova.

E like me ka olelo ma luna, i ka 1905, he piʻi wale politician, a i ukali kokoke e gendarmes, i hopu ia no ka manawa mua. He Ua hoopiiia o inciting Kivila hookuli ana. Ka lua o ka hopu ana i ka makahiki 1908, a me keia manawa, ua hiki ole loaa aku maʻalahi ka makau. Pili aupuni wale Alihana Bukeyhanova hana ku ei keʻano pākīkē koloniala kuwaho o tsarist Rusia, na Aupuni noʻonoʻo incompatible me ke ku okoa ana, a me ka a hoʻokuewa wale 'activist loulou i Samara, kahi āna i noho pono i ka 1917, ma ka i loaʻa i ua loli nui ma ka aina. Keia makahiki Rusia Ua liloʻokoʻa. 1917 a hooku iho la Bukeikhanov manaolana i kona poe kanaka, e eia ka mea hope e hiki ke lilo i kuokoa.

Biographers Bukeikhanov manao ia he kumu hoʻohālike maikaʻi maoli no i keia la o nā loea kālai'āina. Kona aniani honesty a me ka hoopono, oia ua kūkākūkāʻia pinepine, a hiki i ka hope hanu ana ka malama ana ihola ua aina a me kona kanaka. Kēia kanaka i kekahi o ka poe e hele i loko o kālai'āina ole no ka pono o ke kino ia e pōmaikaʻi ai, akā, no ka pono o ka lehulehu pomaikai.

he maikaʻi loa kanaka moʻolelo nūpepa

Journalistic a journalistic hana - keia mea he kūikawā, nui koʻikoʻi, ahu iho i loko o ka'āina hoʻoili Alihana Bukeyhanova. Ike piha pono i ka olelo - ka maikaʻi kaua, oia ho'āʻo e hana ia e like me ka mea i hiki a me ka maiau.

I ka wā mai ka 1905 a hiki i 1907 Bukeikhanov ka hana hoʻoponopono ma Cadets Party nupepa "The Voice", "Omsk" a me ka "Irtysh". Kākau 'atikala kālaiʻike no ka "New Encyclopedic Dictionary". A mai 1910 e hana ana i pili loa me ka mea mua Kazakh-'ōlelo Magazine "Aikap" i ka Naauao ke ola pili aupuni o ka aina, e ala ana i ka pilikia o ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana, lapaʻau,' epekema, moʻokalaleo, ka agrarian kaiaulu, a me nā mea 'ē aʻe. A pau i ua ma luna o nā lehelehe o ka holomua Kazakh intelligentsia o ka manawa.

Ke maoli beacon i loko o ka hoala mai la o ka lahui ike paka ua o ka nupepa "Kazakh", a Bukeikhanov kuu pu me nāʻeleu lehulehu na kii a me nā kānaka moʻolelo - a Dulatova Baitursynov. Ka makana o keia Trio i ke kūpono 'ana o ke aupuni a me ka patriotic kaʻina ma aneea oneiaey mea paakiki ke overestimate.

Ma ke ala, ka hapanui o kona mea Alikhan Bukeikhanov paʻiʻia ma "Kazakh" ma lalo o ka inoa "Keiki o ka steppes" ( "Kyr Balas").

freemasonry

Aia ka 'ike i kekahi manawa Bukeikhanov hana pū' ana me na kalaipohaku. Ua loaʻa kona inoa i loko o ka memoirs o Kerensky, nana i alakai i ka Masonic e moe ai "Ursa Minor" ma St. Petersburg.

Ma ka pololei o kēia 'ike maka i ka nui, e hoike ana i ka hanaia'na o ka Samara pae o Freemasons pono ma hope o ka halawai ana me Kerensky Bukeikhanov hiki. Eia hou, ka mea, ua ike ia i waena o ka i komo o keia neʻeʻana i ka loa cadets, i no i ka meʻe o keia Haawina.

Ka poe kalai pohaku mamo o Genghis Khan i ike ai ma luna o nā mea a pau allies. Kona aloha me lakou, e wehewehe ana i ka manaolana o ke kōkua ma ka haawi ana kū kaʻawale ana i ka Kazakhs. I ka makahiki umikumamahiku ia ia i kohoia poo o ke Aupuni Kuikawa o aneea oneiaey, akā, ma hope koke i ke ala na kalaipohaku a me Alihana Bukeyhanova hoopuehuia, e like me ka mea hope hoʻomaopopo i kākoʻo lākou mau pono kīvila o ka hoʻolālā,ʻo ia e mai kali. Pehea ole, e kali no ia, a mai ka Cadets. Me ia i kaʻumikumamāhiku o ka makahiki i mai la oia a hui hou kekahi.

Ka 'aoʻao "Alash": He hou a ka pili aupuni' oihana

Kuhi hewa i loaʻa Bukeikhanov, i ole e uhai i kona uhane. Politician ma hope o ka makahiki umikumamahiku o ke kipi ua aole e hoonoho iho i na mea kaua, a me ka hope versa - ua hohola kona mau'ēheu. Together me kona nā hoapili, e hōʻike i ka hanaia'na o ka nūpepa "Kazakh",ʻo ia kāna mau hoʻolālā i ka hou, pono kuokoa kālai'āina ikaika "Alash Orda" (Alash - He mau inoa no nā kānaka a pau, a ho'ōla la ia mea e like me ka Kazakhs).

Kēia hanana i ka nui mōʻaukala manaʻo nui a me ka pili kēia hoʻoholo i ka hopena o keia la kaʻiʻo nō o kēia aneea oneiaey. Ka 'aoʻao "Alash"ʻoiaʻiʻo Patriots' amelika repubalika o ka hoʻomaka o ka iwakalua kenekulia, a ma ka naau o kona ideology kau i makemake e loaʻa ai kuokoa o aneea oneiaey i kekahi hapa o kemokalaka Rusia. Ka ikaika hou hui kikowaenaʻaneʻane ka holoʻokoʻa kala like 'ole o ka Kazakh intelligentsia o ka manawa.

Alikhan Bukeikhanov poai puni i ka aoao hope o kona inception. Iloko o ka functioning o na koa pili aupuni ia mau congresses i paʻa, kekahi o ka i hiki i ka 1918, he launaʻole hanana - hai aku i ka mua kuokoa moku'āina o Kazakhs. A me ka mea nāna i hana o ka aoao "Alash" ua i ka lani kiekie loa oihana - i ke Kuhina Nui Kuhina o aneea oneiaey!

Ia manawa, nui a oi kivila kaua wela kona huhū i loko o Rusia. Aupuni pūliki pono chaos. Initially Alash ordintsy kaua me ka Bolsheviks ma kaʻaoʻao o ka 'oiaʻiʻo ma loko. Akā, i ka wa a ka lanakila o ka Soviets, ka mea, ua i negotiate me ka ideological mau hoa paio o ka maluhia a me ke alu like. Ka papa kuhikuhiE ano "aloha", o ka papa, i ka malama i ke Kuokoa o ke keiki moku'āina. Ua Ua 'āpono' ia e kaʻulaʻula, akā, wale ma luna o ka pepa. I ka mea, mai ka manawa o ka hopena o ka aelike ke kuokoa Repubalika o aneea oneiaey oki i nei.

Penei, no ka mea, he manawa pōkole wā Alikhan Bukeikhanov poai puni i ka aoao "Alash", a i ka hope o kana e piʻi like i loko o ka Arena kālai'āina. Me ka Hekikai o Soviet mana haʻaheo Kazakh loaʻa ka mea pono, e haʻalele i ka moku'āina o ka ha awina i loko o nā mea a pau kona 'ano apau loa.

Repression a me ka make Bukeikhanov

I loko nō haalele Bukeikhanov mai kālai'āina, ike aku la ia i ka opiopio Soviet aupuni like me ka mea pepehi enemi. He Hāʻule maila lākou i ka hou opiopio Soviet'ōnaehana, no ka mea, e ole kaʻana like i ka manaʻo o ka communism. I pāʻani me ia, e like me ka popoki i ka iole, i ka hopu ia, a laila, hoʻokuʻuʻole e wehe ai.

Ka mea, ua nui e hoʻopau i ka aoao o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ka aoao "Alash Orda" no ka hoa kanaka, pela no ia mea i loko o ka iwakalua-lua o ka makahiki o limanui Neʻe i Moscow, kahi āna i komo ma ka 'epekema, moʻokalaleo, ethnography; He aʻo ma ke kulanui. No ka manawa o Alikhan Bukeikhanov 'ae' "excommunicated" wale nō i loko o Leningrad - kahi ia i kekahi me ka manao i ke aʻo 'oihana. Akā, i ka mea maikaʻi loa o umikumamalima makahiki "nā loulou" i paʻa i loko o ke kapikala o ke Soviet Union.

mālie a me ka nonoi "pio aku" Kazakh lint ma 'epekema hana, kaʻohiʻana nā loina, a nānā aku i ka mōʻaukala o (ka malū ka malama ana ma ka nano me ka hoa kanaka, a e kauoha ana Track lola honua lahui liberation ana). Ma konaʻano mea loa e noho malie hoi.

Akā, i loko o ka kanakolu-hiku o ka makahiki "mowed ia" a me ka ole o ia ... maoli ai, he mua lahui alakaʻi i hele mai Stalin ka reprisals. Ma ka kanahiku-lua o ka makahiki, Alihana Bukeyhanova hopu, i hoopiiia no ka weliweli a me ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi i ka iwakalua-hiku o Sepatemaba 1937 a hiki i ka make. Ma ka holomua makahiki o ka Kazakh patriotʻaʻole e hoʻolohe,ʻaʻole. Ka ke konohiki i hana i ka la hookahi.

Alikhan Bukeikhanov: ohana a me ka ola

Ma ka pilikino ola o aneea oneiaey ka nui pili aupuni huahelu o ka kakahiaka nui iwakālua kenekulia ka mea, ua ike ole ai nui. Akā, i ka 'ike i ka mea, nui ka ike - ia ua ole cloudless.

I ka 1901, ua mare Elena Bukeikhanov Sevastianova, o ke kaikamahine o ke kanaka moʻolelo nūpepa Yakova Sevastyanova, a Alikhan Nurmuhamedovich hana i loko o ka puke o "hehi Māhele '." Kela manawa, i ka 1902, o ka hui i kekahi kaikamahine Kanipa (kauoha aku - Elizabeth). A ewalu makahiki ma hope, i ka 1910, o ka hooilina i ke ka 'ohana - ke keiki Oktay (kauoha aku - Sergei).

I kaʻumikumamāwalu makahiki koke make Elena Bukeikhanov a me nā lau kāna kāne a me nā keiki i loko o kona mau lima. Akā, Alikhan i kekahi kumu maikai, a hoala kohu kūpono kanaka. Ua hele aku la i kona makuakane i ka Lani a me ka liloʻepekema huahelu. Moʻopuna (keiki a Elizabeth) make ma ke kahua kaua iloko o ke Kaua Honua II. Ka lua o ka manawa, e mare Kazakh patriot i hana ole. A ma mua o ka hopena o kona noho malama pono ana i kona mau lā koke hele aku la aloha wahine.

Ua mea noteworthy i kekahi o nāʻohana Alihana Bukeyhanova i ole "Naʻau mai." Hooilina Kazakh sultans hoʻokiʻekiʻe komo i kona inoa, ma naʻe o ka pilikia i ka i ka mea ua fraught. A i ka wā, ma hope o ka hoʻopulapula o kekahi o nā moʻopuna kāne Bukeikhanov loaa i loko o ka Archive "make keia manawa,", i kona maka e kapio waimaka, a me kona naau i piha me ka haʻaheo i loko o kona hoahanau nui.

paʻa

Akā,ʻaʻole wale na hoahanau a me nā hoa o ka hoomanao ana o ka Gazakh nui ka inoa Alikhan Bukeikhanov. Ke 150th lā hoʻomanaʻo o kona hānauʻana i kēia makahiki kaulana ma lalo o ka auspices o UNESCO! Ia ma nā wahi wale i kekahi mau bother e ...

A helu o nā hanana i? Oaony a ua lawe ia mai ma ke kānāwai aupuni pae ma aneea oneiaey, kona kuokoa no laila, haʻaheo, a me ka wiwoʻole kokua Alikhan Bukeikhanov. Book exhibition hoʻolaʻa i ke ola ana o ka moolelo, o ka hōʻike o ka Documentary paiia o ka ohi hana, likeʻole me ka hālāwai kūkā, seminā a me ka nui, he nui aku i hoomakaukau mahalo mamo ma ka hoomanao ana o ke kanaka nana i haawi ia ia iho i ka hana ana o kona poe kanaka.