Anatomia: 'ole a me ka hana ana o ka auditory mea kālailai

Sound ka nalu e kuekueni ma ka kekahi alapine (frequency) i hiki i loko o nā mea a pau ekolu me Media: wai, paa a me ka gaseous. E maopopo a kālailai lākou ke kanaka ma laila hui, me ka hoolohe, - i ka pepeiao, a he o ka pahale mawaho, waena a me ka loko loa, i hiki ke loaa 'ike, a hoʻolele ia i ka lolo no aaioee. Keia rula hana i loko o ka kanaka kino i like me ke ano o ka maka. 'Ole a me ka hana ana o ka pilikia makapō a me ka auditory analyzers i like, ka like o ia ka hālāwai hoʻolohe manaʻo' aʻole i hui nā leo nä alapine, e lawe ia ma ke kaʻawale, malia paha e kaʻana like i nā leo okoa a me ka leo. I ka huli, maka hui mālamalama hawewe e loaa na waihoʻoluʻu a me ka malu.

Acoustic mea kālailai, 'ole a me ka ho'āʻo

Photos ka papa kuhikuhiE māhele o ka pepeiao o känaka, e hiki ke ike i loko o kēia 'atikala. Pepeiao - i ka papa kuhikuhiE hui, o ka lohe ana i kānaka, e ai i ka leo, a hoouna mai ia ia i ka lolo. Ke 'ole a me ka oihana o ka acoustic mea kālailai i nui lehulehu nā papaha hoʻokahi wale pepeiao ua papa hoʻolaukahi hana hoolilo lāʻau ikiʻai wale mai ka eardrum a hiki i ke kumu a me ka cortical lolo wahi kuleana no aaioee ka loaa ikepili.

Kino kuleana no ka pokole o ka ÿano mea kani-, oia no ka papa kuhikuhi pauku ekolu. Ke 'ole a me ka hana ana o māhele o ka acoustic mea kālailai mea okoa, akā, hana he mau hana - no ka pokole o ka leo a me ko lakou mau hoolilo i ka lolo no hou Ka Ikepili.

Ke mawaho pepeiao, kona hiʻona a me ka'anatomia

Ka mua mea e kō ai ka hawewe kani ma ke ala a hiki i ka pokole o ko lākou manaʻo, ka mea, o ka mea owaho no pepeiao. 'Anatomia i ia mea he puni hoʻi: ka mea,' o ka pinna, a mawaho auditory Canal, i mea ka loulou ma waena o lakou, a me ka waena pepeiao. Iho he o ka auricle cartilaginous una 1 mm o manoanoa, uhi me ka perichondrium a me ka ili, ka mea, ua hoonele ia Muscle'aʻaʻa a me ka hiki ole neʻe.

I ka haʻahaʻa o ka iwi - ka earlobe, keia momoma'aʻaʻa uhiia me ka ili, a komo iloko o ka hailonaʻana no nā aʻalolo a hāʻule pahū wale. A smoothly hele i loko o ka funnel poho iho auditory meatus, tragus kaupalena protivokozelkom alo a me ka hope. I ka makua e hooholo ia mea 2,5 knm lōʻihi, a 0.7-0.9 knm ma anawaena, ka mea, he o ka pahale loko, a membranous cartilage-papa. Kaupalena 'ia ka eardrum, ma ke kua a ka waena pepeiao huli no.

I kaʻili lahilahi mea he fibrous kuina i loko o ke kino o ka'ololaha, o ka ili o ka i na oihana mua hiki e hookoaia me ka hamare, i ka hope a me ka alo nā pā pupochek a me ka pōkole lima. 'Ole a me ka hana ana o ka auditory mea kālailai, nae ia kekahi me ka pahale mawaho pepeiao, a me ka tympanicʻili lahilahi, kuleana no ka hoʻopio aku i ka leo o ko lākou iniiaiie aaioee a me ka hoolilo laila, a hiki i ka waena hapa.

Ke konu pepeiao, kona hiʻona a me ka'anatomia

'Ole a me ka hana ana o ka auditory mea kālailai oihana i radically okoa mai kekahi i kekahi, a ina i ka'anatomia o ka pā hapa o nā mea a pau i ka malihini, i ka study o ka' ike e pili ana i ka waena a me ka pahale pepeiao E e uku hou noonoo. Ka waena pepeiao mea he eha pneumatic cavities interconnected a me ka kua.

Ke kumu nui loa e hanaʻia ka walaʻauʻana mana o ka pepeiao - he tympanum, hui me ka nasopharynx eustachian paipu, ma keia puka ia lŘlŘ hoʻokomo ea o ka holoʻokoʻa nenoaiu. Lua iho he o ekolu keʻena, a me nā paia eono o ka auditory ossicles, a, ma ka huli, hōʻike i ka hāmare, kua a me kuʻu kēpā. Ke 'ole a me ka oihana o ka acoustic mea kālailai i loko o ka waena pepeiao hoʻololi loaa mai ka paia waho o nā nalu i loko o ÿano kuekueni kani, a laila, ke hoʻouna iā lākou i ka loli i hoopiha i ka pā lua o ka pepeiao.

I ka lilo o ka pepeiao, kona hiʻona a me ka'anatomia

Na lilo o ka pepeiao o ka loa luna 'oihana o ka ekolu a pau Oihana o ke kokua i hālāwai hoʻolohe manaʻo. Ua nana e like me ka maze, i ua Nyos i hohonu i loko o ke kino iwi, a me ka iwi o ka mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku, a me ka hoʻi o ka membranous ho okumu, a 'oe a me ka' ole o ka pokou Kimi. Conventionally, o ka pepeiao a pau ua maheleia i loko o ka papa kuhikuhiE māhele ekolu:

• Ka maze - i ka paepae puka;
• mua Kimi - he hometa;
• hope o Kimi - ekolu semicircular Canal.

Kimi 'oe a me ka' ole o ka iwi, a me ka lua ma waena o nā nenoai elua ua piha me perilymph, ua like no me i loko o kona haku mele 'ana a me ka wai koko cerebrospinal loli. I huli ai oe, ua piha oia i ka lua i loko o ka membranous Kimi me endolymph, ka haku mele i 'ano like i intracellular loli.

I ka lohe ana mea kālailai, me ka 'ole o ka pepeiao, loko pepeiao mea loaʻa kuleana pili i

Functionally, Ua puʻunaueʻia ka hana o ka pā pepeiao i loko o ka papa kuhikuhiE oihana elua: EYI o ke kani alapine i ka lolo, a me ka ōhumu o ka neʻe 'ana o. A nui kūlana ma ka EYI o ke kani a hiki i ka lolo Oihana hanaʻia hometa, wahi likeʻole e makaukau kuekueni me kekahi nä alapine. A pau kēia mau kuekueni kuhi ka basilarʻili lahilahi, uhi me tufts o ka lauoho keena stereolitsy ma luna. He mau keena hoohuli kuekueni i loko o pou impulses e hele ai i ka lolo ma ka auditory nā aʻalolo. Kela a me keia lauohoʻili lahilahi i he okoa ka nui, a lalau aku i ka leo wale nō i ka pololei hoakaka alapine (frequency).

I ka rula o ka hana ana o ka mea i hoʻomākaukauʻia vestibular

ua i hoopaaia 'ole a me ka hana ana o ka auditory mea kālailai i ka pokole a me ka aaioee o ka mea kani-, e Radio nui i kūlana i loko o ka nohona ma Hawaii hope o ka ke kanaka. No ka hana ana o ka vestibular i hoʻomākaukauʻia, a e loli ai i Hawaii ōhumu, halawai pu me ka loli i ua hoopihaia me ka hapa o ka pā pepeiao. O ka hana ka papa kuhikuhiE ua hoʻokani 'aneʻi ma ka endolymph, ka mea hana ma luna o ka loina o ka gyroscope. Ka iki k'ki io o ka pooʻo ia e neʻe mai ai,ʻo ia, ma ka huli, i ka hele otoliths, a i keʻano ukiuki o hina ciliated epithelium. Me ke kōkua o Ka Uluwehi O Ke neural pili 'o Randy a pau o kēia' ike ua hoololiia a hiki i ka māhele o ka lolo, a laila ka mea, ua mua hoʻomaka hana ma ka ōhumu a me ka noaaeeecaoee o ka neʻe 'ana a me ka kaulike.

Rula wahi hana no a pau o ka pepeiao a me ka lolo keena, hou 'o ke kani kuekueni i loko o ka' ike

'Ole a me ka hana ana o ka auditory mea kālailai, i pokole nana i ka hiki,ʻaʻole e kuhikuhi i hoʻopio aku i ka leo o ka kekahi alapine (frequency), a me kona huli ana i loko o' ike i ka mea maopopo ma ke kanaka ike. All hana ma luna o ka loli ninoieo o ke kēia nāʻanuʻu:

1. Hoʻopio aku i kani a me kā lākou mau ana ma luna o ka auditory Canal e hoʻoulu i ka eardrum e oscillate.
2. Kamakawiwo ole ekolu auditory ossicles o ka pā pepeiao, kena ae la ia e kuekueni o ka eardrum.
3. Honua o ka loli ana i ka pahale loko pepeiao a me ka kuekueni hairlike keena.
4. Huli ana kuekueni i pou impulses no lākou mahope EYI ma ka auditory nā aʻalolo.
5. Paipai 'ana o impulses ma ka auditory nā aʻalolo a hiki i ka lolo māhele a hoʻololi ia i loko o ka' ike.

Auditory cortex a me Ka Ikepili

He aha ka maikaʻi-functioning, a me ka maikaʻi makemake ole i ia i ka hana o nā wahi a pau o ka pepeiao, ka mea, ina ua meaningless me ka mana a me ka hana ana o ka lolo e ana o ka hawewe kani i loko o nā mea a pau o ka 'ike a me ka alakaʻi. Ka mua mea e kō ai ka leo ma kona aoao, ka mea, o ka auditory cortex, Aia i loko o ka oi kino gyrus o ka lolo. Aia nā neurons, i mea kuleana no ka pokole o ke kani a me ke kaawale ana o nā papa koa. Inā, ma ka mana o kekahi lolo poino, e like me ka hahauʻana,ʻino i kēia mau oihana, ke kanaka ke lilo aku ko lāua koʻikoʻi i lohe ai e lohe poho, a ke ike nei au olelo ana i ka hiki.

Makahiki-pili nā loli i nā 'ano a me ka acoustic mea kālailai

Me ka hoʻoulu makahiki o ke kanaka hoʻololi i ka hana o nā 'oihana,' ole, hana, a me ka makahiki 'ano o ka acoustic mea kālailai i ole koe. I kanaka ma lalo o ka makahiki pinepine 'ike i kekahi poho lohe, a ua manaoia e e physiological,' ole. E. Normal. Ua ua i noʻonoʻo i ka maʻi, aka, i ka loli i loko o ka makahiki i kapaia o persbiakuzis mea, aole ia e pono lapaʻau, akā, hiki wale nō ke? Ee me kūikawā hālāwai hoʻolohe manaʻo kōkua iā ia,.

Līkaia no ka nui o nā kumu no ka hiki lohe lilo ana i loko o kanaka, ka poe i hiki i kekahi mau makahiki i kali:

1. Loli i loko o ka pā pepeiao - thinning a me laxity o ka pepeiao, a me ka palena o ka curvature o ka pepeiao Canal, i ka make ana o kona hiki e hoolilo nä hawewe kani.
2. Ai hanaʻia naʻe, a clouding o ka eardrum.
3. Hoemiia ka hoʻoneʻe nenoaiu o ka pā pepeiao iwi, ka rigidity o ko lākou mau ami.
4. Loli ma ka lolo wahi kuleana no ka aaioee a me ka pokole o ka mea kani-.

Kaawale mai ka mau ooieoeiiaeuiiai hoʻololi i loko o ke ola i ke kanaka, i ka pilikia i ke i huiʻia ma nā complications a me ka hopena o ka otitis lawe ma, ka mea hiki ke haʻalele scars ma ka eardrum, i ka hoʻonāukiukiʻana pilikia i loko o ka wā e hiki mai.

Ma hope o ka 'inikuaʻepekema i? Anoee ia he kino nui me ka auditory mea kālailai (' ole a me ka papa), pepeiao kuli kena ae la ma ka makahiki, oki ae la ia ia i ka global pilikia. I ka lohe ana kōkua iā ia, no ka hoʻoikaika 'ana a me ka hoʻoikaika i ka hana o kēlā me kēia o nā māhele o ka'ōnaehana a kōkua poʻeʻelemākule kanaka e noho ana i ka piha ola.

Kou niho a me ka malama ana o ka hālāwai hoʻolohe manaʻo nā loko kanaka

E malama i pepeiao ola, no ia, e like me ia no ka mea kino a pau, e pono 'āwīwī a me ka pololei malama. Akā, paradoxically, ma ka hapalua o na hihia pilikia ai ka haohao ana no ka excessive malama, no kona nele i ole no. Ke kumu nui - inept orudovanie pepeiao maile a me 'ē aʻe paha no ka me mechanical, i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe i loaa ka sulfurʻai pahu i pohā, ia scratches a me unintentional perforation. E pale i ka poino e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka pā hapa o ka hooholo wale nō, me ka hoʻohana 'ana iʻoi mea.

E malama i kou lohe maikaʻi aʻe i loko o ka wā e hiki mai hoopili aku i ka palekana rula:

• Limited hoolohe ana i ke mele a me nā pihi lohe.
• E ho ohana kūikawā nā pihi lohe a me earplugs ka wā e hana ana i loko o nā hale hana walaʻau.
• Ka palekana i ka ingress o ka wai i loko o kou mau pepeiao , oiai o 'Amelika i loko o ka wai ÿauÿau, a loko iʻa.
• Kāohiʻana o ke anu a me ka otitis pepeiao i loko o ke anu wa pono.

Hoʻomaopopo i nā loina o ka acoustic mea kālailai, kaʻaeʻana me ka ola a me ka maluhia rula ma ka home a ma ka hana, e kōkua mālama i ka hālāwai hoʻolohe manaʻo, a i ole maka i ka pilikia o kona wā e hiki mai poho.