Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich: he pōkole Kawaihae, kiʻi, no, kūʻiʻo o ke ola

Kekahi o na huahelu loa koʻikoʻi i loko o Lūkini moʻomeheu o ka hopena o ka XVIII - i kakahiaka nui XIX kenekulia ua Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich. He ua he koʻikoʻi huahelu, a me ka statesman, a me he haku mele, no ke kumu o ka poem loa kaulana o kona manawa, imbued me ka uhane o ka mālamalama. Mau kanaka ke hana nui no ka hooulu ana i ka moʻomeheu o kona aupuni, e like me ka hana Gabriel Derzhavin. Kawaihae a me ka hana ana o keia nui kanaka, i lana ai, pono piha study.

Ka moolelo o ka

Akā, ma mua oe hoʻomaka e aʻo i nā mea o ke ola Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich, e ka pokole nana i ka moolelo o kona 'ohana.

Family Derzhavins i Tatar kumu ae. I ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ke ano keia ano, noonoo iho la iā Goga Murza Braga, ka poe i hui ma ka XV kenekulia i loko o ka hana o ka Luna Nui Duke o Moscow Vasily II ka Dark , a bapetizoia iho la ia ma ka inoa o Ilya. Ua haawiia i ka mea hou ho ololi ua he Tatar alii, Prince haawi aku la ia i ke ano o ke alii ko lakou.

Mākou i ke keiki Brahim Narbekov ma ka bapetizo ana i kapaʻia Dimitri, i ka makahiapo a ke ano i ulu aʻe Narbekova, a mai ka kaikaina - Alexei Narbekova, i kapaʻia ka Power pono hana Derzhavinsʻana.

Nā mamo o ka Mamua o ke ano o ka loa Russified, i pili nui ia i ka mare lehulehu me ka poeikohoia o ka Lūkini aliʻi, i nui ia i nā hana a me nā aliʻi a me nā aliʻi o ka Lūkini moku'āina. Ma 'ana, na kiaaina a me nā kahu. Eia ua pololei he mamo o ka ohana kaulana, a ua Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich.

wa opiopio Derzhavin

Life Gavriila Romanovicha Derzhavina hoomaka July 3 (e like me ka mea kahiko chronology) 1743. Ua i laila, i ka mea i hānau i loko o ke kauhale o Sokurov Kazan aina i loko o ka ohana o ka oihana luna Roma Nikolaevich Derzhavin a me Fokly Kozlova.

Aie i ke ano o ke koa hana N. Roman ohana e ne e mau mai ka wahi aku ia wahi aku. Eia naʻe, Gavriil Romanovich poho o kona makua kāne ma ka 11 makahiki.

hoomaka ae la i ka wā e hiki mai haku mele, e loaa ka hoʻonaʻauao ma ka makahiki ehiku, ka wā āna i hoʻouna aku ai e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina ma ka hale malihini. Eia naʻe, ma muli o kaʻilihune, a olokaa ae la ia i ka ohana ma hope o ka lilo ana o ka breadwinner, e hoʻomau 'ana i kā lākou hoʻonaʻauao A ua paʻakikī. Aka hoi, i ka 1759, Gabriel Derzhavin hiki ma Kazan i loko o ke kula gymnasiumʻano, a ua puka 'o ia ana ma ka makahiki ekolu, hōʻike i kekahi o ka maikaʻi nā pahuhopu. Eia naʻe, ma keia o kona aʻo na welau. Oia ka hoʻonaʻauao, a hiki i ia mau lā i kuhi superficial.

Koke ma hope o ka puka, Gavriil Romanovich Ua hoʻolālā like me ka kekahi koa i loko o ka poe kiai o ka hoopahaohaoia'na. Aia hoomaka ae la oia e kākau i ka pauku mua. E like me ka hapa o keia mokuna, ua komo i loko o ka coup i ka 1762, e hoohiolo iho i ka Emperor Peter III, a me ka enthronement o Ana, hope Pani 'ōlelo' ka Nui. Kēia mea mea i ka mea i nui lewa i loko o kona wā e hiki mai 'oihana.

Aʻumi makahiki ma hope o ka coup Gabriel Derzhavin hope loaʻa i ke ano o ka makai, a me ka makahiki ma hope i paʻi mua kona mau poem. I ka Ia manawa, hoʻi i kapa hoʻohanohano iā ia iho i loko o ke kaua e kū'ē i ke kaua kipi o Pugachev.

Ke aupuni i hoʻokumu '

Ma hope o kona hoʻomaha loa mai ke koa i ka 1777, i ke aloha i kona noi iho i loko o ka palapala ana i ka Empress Ana, Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich hele i ke Kivila hana. Eia hou kekahi, halawai aloha oia me kekahi 300 mahiʻai no. Ma hope o kekahi mahina eono i Ilamuku i loko o ka Senate. I ka 1780, ua lilo iho la i kuhikuhi i ke aupuni na loaa a me na lilo, i mea hala loa ka waiwai kūlana.

He ākea kaulana i ka haku mele Derzhavin loaa i ka 1782, a me ka lehulehu ākea o kona ode "Felitsa" hoolaa i ka glorification o ka Empress Ana II. O ka holo ana, ua i kēia hana piha o ka malimali a hiki i ka lani kiekie loa kanaka, akā, i ka mea ia manawa, ka mea, ua nui noʻeau, a me ka pololei ka pilina i ka hou 'oihana,' o ka mea kākau. He mahalo ia ia, eo ia i ka lokomaikaʻiʻia mai o ka Empress Gabriel Derzhavin. Kona Kawaihae i loko o ka wā e hiki mai ninoieo o ka Make 'oihana holomua. I ka hookahi makahiki ana i lilo ai i ka moku'āina councilor.

I ka 1783, ka Academy Ua hoʻokumu i loko o St. Petersburg, a me ka haku mele no ka wehe ia ua lilo ia i piha lālā.

Eia naʻe, ua hiki ole ke olelo i loa smoothly i loko o ka lehulehu hana a pau a pau. Ma muli o ia i ke kue i ka papa kiʻekiʻe luna Vyazemsky, me kona mau mua haipule, hoi aku la oia Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin. Pōkole Kawaihae hana ia mea hiki ole, e kālele ana ma luna o nā kumu a pau o ka hihia.

Eia naʻe, mua i ka 1784, ua hoouna mai la ia, e kahu ai i ka Olonets māhele 'āina i loko o Karelia. Aia Gavriil Romanovich ua eo ka ikaika nui i loko o ke kukuluia'na o ka lehulehu ke ola a me ka hoʻokele waiwai 'ana o ka aina, ma ia hōʻike kona kiʻekiʻeʻaha hui talena. Kēia manawa o ke ola a me ka aina, i puhiia e ka haku mele, hoolaa ai ke paa ke kino o ke poetry Derzhavin.

Mau makahiki ma hope, ua hoomakaukau i ka oi mea eʻoi aʻeʻoihana o ke kiaaina o Tambov, sulivshuyu oi makahiki a me ka pomaikai o lakou.

Kahi oioi o ka 'oihana

Ia manawa, nui a me ka oi hana loaʻa iā ia nā wahi kiekie Derzhavin Gavriil. Pokole, i ka 1791, i lilo kakauolelo o ka empress Ana, a me nā makahiki ma hope hoʻolaha ai i ke ano o ke kenekoa a me kuhina councilor. Mai kēia manawa ma luna o mākou hiki maluhia olelo i Derzhavin i ia i ka waiwai o Lūkini lehulehu.

I ka makahiki 1795, ka'ōhumu Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich e pili ana i ka inoa o ka Peresidena o ka Pāʻoihana College - he lehulehu mana, kona hana ua e kahu ai a me ka hooponopono ana hana. O ka holo ana, ia ua he nui loa e pono kūlana.

Ana i ka make ma hope, i ka noho alii ana o Paul I Gavriil Romanovich i moku'āina puuku a me ka luna o ke Senate Chancellery. A lohe o Paul ka hope Alexander I i ka 1802. Derzhavin loaa i kaʻAha Kuhina waihona kālā e lilo Kuhina o Lunakanawai. Ka mea, ua i ka oioi o kona hana 'oihana.

resignation

Akā, mua i ka 1803 i ka makahiki o ka makahiki kanaono, Lunakanawai Kuhina haʻalele, a aole loa hoi i ka lehulehu hana,ʻo ia i noho ai a hiki i kona make ana i loko o kekahi o kona mau aina i loko o ka kauhale Zvanka Novgorod panalaau. Aia nō i ka helu o nā kumu i alakai aku ai i ka mea e oia i haʻakoi e hoʻi i hope Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin. Pōkole Kawaihae ae mai i pau e helu ia lakou, me ka hoike ole aku i lāliʻi. Ua nui kou mau makahiki, i ka luhi o ka hana lehulehu o Derzhavin, a me ka papa kuhikuhiE mea - i ka makemake o kona wehe 'ia ma ka hou punahele Alexander I.

Naʻe, i loko o kēia wā pōʻino, he mea maikaʻi, ao ke ano: ka resignation o Gavriil Romanovich ae e noʻonoʻo i ka palapala, ai ka hana.

Ka mua hana

ʻike hoʻokumu Gabriel Derzhavin mea symbolic ano no kona manawa. E like me ka olelo mua, i ka mua o kona mau poem i palapala mai ai, e like me ke kula i loko o ka poʻe kiaʻi hoopahaohaoia'na. Naʻe, i kēia poetry Derzhavin kakau iho la oi ia ia iho ma mua o i ka mau loiloi.

Ka mua o kona mau poem i ua paʻi umi wale nō makahiki ma hope i ka 1773, ka wā Derzhavin paʻa mua kekahi luna kūlana. Akā, i ka nani o ka moku'āina pae no laila, lawe aʻelaʻo ia i ka ode e "Felitsa" hoolaa i ka All-Russian Empress Ana II. Keia hana ua rife me compliments a me ka hoʻoleʻa aku mō'ī, akā, i ka mea ia manawa kona haku mele 'ana o ka mea poepoe loa ai Slim, a ua hana i ka metaphor ode kau ma luna o ka par me nā puke i haku ai oi aku o ke kālā no poetry ia ia.

Ka mea, ua ma hope o ka lehulehu ākea o "Felitsa" Derzhavin lilo kekahi o ka loa kaulana haku mele o Rusia o kona manawa.

hou 'oihana

Paakiki hopena i Gabriel Derzhavin. Kūʻiʻo o kona ola hōʻike i ke ahiahi, i ka lani kiekie loa kiʻekiʻe aupuni pou, oia i hoʻopoina e pili ana i poetry. Kēia manawa hana nā palapala o ka iconic hana me "ka hekili kui pamaloo, lanakila," "Swan", "ke Akua", "grandee", "Falls" a he nui 'ē aʻe. Kēlā me kēia no ia i kona mau mea manaʻo hiʻona a me ka pili kumuhana apau loa. No ka laʻana, ka mea "ka hekili kui pamaloo, lanakila" Ua kau i ka mele, a me ka waena o ka XIX kenekulia i noʻonoʻo i ka unofficial mele o Rusia. Kekahi hanaia'na o ka haku mele "Akuma ka i loko o ka pua ana o Ochakov" i kekahi ano o ka poem-he leo kahea e hana aku i ka Ottoman kaua. A huahana e like me "Swan" a me "ka wailele" i palapala ma lalo o ke keiki Derzhavina noho ma Karelia.

kakau iho la Derzhavin poem like me ka lyric a me ka moʻolelo, nona i ho'āla i ka morale a me ka maliuia'ku o ka Empress, a me ka Russian aupuni a pau. I kela a me keia o kana mau hana i kona mau hananaʻono.

Ua mea noteworthy i ka hapanui o na hana kaulana o Gavriil Romanovich chronologically hele pono i ka wā o kona nui 'oihana paipai' i loko o ka kivila hana.

Ka palapala, ai hana ma hope o hoohuoi ia

I haiia ae maluna,, ke resignation mai ka aupuni hana ae Derzhavin i hoʻolaʻaʻia lā nui manawa e poetry a me ka moʻokalaleo ma mau.

I ka 1808, ua puka mai ka hou paiia ana o kana mau hana i loko o elima wahi.

I ka 1811, pu me nā nui na kii o Lūkini moʻomeheu lawelawe Aleksandrom Semenovichem Shishkovym hoi ae hana i ka palapala, ai 'kaiāulu. Ka hanaia'na mai o keia hui, oiaio kekahi o ka nui kāna hana kupanaha i makemake e haʻaheo o Gabriel Derzhavin. Pōkole Kawaihae, Eia naʻe, narrows ka laulā o ka moʻolelo a me ka malama ole wehewehe i au mamuli o ka hana o ka lehulehu.

Of mau memo i ua lilo kaulana i loko o ka wā e hiki mai ke anaina kanaka Derzhavin me ka nui Lūkini haku mele Aleksandrom Sergeevichem Pushkinym. Eia naʻe, iā Pushkin ua nō ka haumāna, a aohe nani, akā, Gavriil Romanovich, e lawe ana i ka hōʻike, a hiki i ia manawa i kekahi mea i ka hana 'ana i o ke ano akamai. Ua nui halawai i wahi i ka makahiki mua Derzhavin make i ka 1815.

ohana

Gabriel Derzhavin i mare i nā manawaʻelua. Ka mua manawaʻo ia i lawe ai i ka makahiki o ka 35 makahiki, eʻumikumamāono Ana Yakovlevna Bastidon, ka mea i ke kaikamahine o ka valet hewa Emperor Peter III, he mua Pukiki. Keia wahi aku keia malihini no Lūkini i kapaia. Ka ahaaina mare i wahi i ka 1778. Ma waena o nā newlyweds he nani hopohopo, manaʻo, i mea ole kahaha ko oukou naau, e noonoo pono i ka mea kino ano Gavriil Romanovich a me ka maikai Ana Yakovlevna. He mea känalua 'Derzhavin i manaoio i kana wahine, kukakuka iho i kėia i konaʻike hoʻokumu.

Akā, pomaikai mea e mau loa, a me Gabriel Derzhavin ke hoomaopopo i ke kaumaha nui. Kana wahine opio, i wale nō 34 makahiki, make iho la i ka 1794. Ua mea i maha i loko o ka Lazarev ilina ma St. Petersburg.

ʻOiai Gavriil Romanovich ke kaumaha i ike ole palena, maloko o na malama eono mahope iho o ka make ana o kana wahine, ua lawe ai no ka lua o ka manawa. Kona ia i kane hoopalau i ke kaikamahine o ka luna Ka Loio Hoʻopiʻi a me ka moku'āina councilor Darya Alekseevna Dyakov. I ka manawa o ko laua mare ana i ka wahine mare 28 wale nō makahiki, iā Derzhavin - '51. Ua pono e olelo mai ia, e like me ka haku mele i ka mare mua, i ole kukulu keia hui ana ma ke aloha, akā, ma ka aloha a me ka ae mahalo. Darya Alekseevna ola i kana kane e like ka nui me 26 makahiki, akā, nonetheless i i hele mai i ka lua o ka manawa i mare.

ole Children ma Gavriila Romanovicha Derzhavina ua, akāʻo ia i ke keiki mālama o kona hoa make Peter Lazarev, ua Andrew, Alex a me Michael kona inoa. Ka hope o ia mau mea i loko o ka wā e hiki mai i ka paionia o Antarctica.

o ka haku mele o ka make

Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin make i loko o kona waiwai Zvanka, kahi āna i noho ai i kēia mau makahiki ma hope o ka resignation mai o kaʻAha Kuhina pou. A i loko o ke kanahiku-kolu o ka makahiki o ka haku mele o ke ola ma ka July 8 (kahiko kaila) i ka 1816. I ka manawa o ka make ana o konaʻaoʻao,ʻo ia kona malama pono ka wahine a Darya Alekseevna.

Akā, kaawale mai kana wahine, o ka make ana o ia i ka ikaika moʻomeheu luminary o kona manawa, o ka papa, kaʻehaʻeha o ka nui loa o ka Lūkini intelligentsia, a me ka hoʻonaʻauao kanaka, e like me kanaka, ka poe pono, ua kama'āina me Gavriil Romanovich, a ike aku la ia ia me ke kanaka kōkua aloha a me ka hanohano.

kanu Gabriel Derzhavin i loko o ka Hemolele hoopahaohaoia'na Hale Pule Nui, i ua ke aupuni 'ole mamao mai Novgorod.

I ka hopena o ke ola a me ka hoʻoilina

E aho eiiieaena, waiwai a me ka hana hoihoi ola ola Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich. Kūʻiʻo hoihoi mai i kona Kawaihae hōʻike i ka nui kūlana o kēia kanaka i loko o ka nohona kuʻuna o ke aupuni, a me ka lawelawe hana. O ka mau mea nui o kana hana a hiki i ka Russian aupuni a pau i loko o nā aupuni kulana. Akā, i haʻalele Gabriel Derzhavin ka loa nui hoʻoilina - mea, o ka papa, i kona maikaʻi loa poetry, hoomaikai manaʻo ma kona wā me he haku mele, a me nā mamo.

Ano, i loko o Rusia e hoomanao i ka ukuia ana i Gavriil Romanovich i loko o ka ulu ana o ka lahui moʻomeheu. Ma ka commemoration o ka haku mele nui ua mea e hoikeike ma lehulehu kia hoʻomanaʻo i, steles a me plaques i Derzhavin i loko o kekahi kūlanakauhale o Rusia, me ka nui, ma Petrozavodsk, Kazan, St. Petersburg, Tambov, a, o ka papa, ma o ka ?? eoi? O kona Manor Zvanka ke aupuni 'o Novgorod māhele' āina kahi ke ano akamai malaila i ka makahiki hope o kona ola. Eia hou kekahi, i loko o ka hanohano o Gabriel Derzhavin i loko o ka noho 'ana he nui ka poe i kaheaia alanui, mika pāhoʻonui lua, ka hoʻonaʻauao kulanui, a no laila, ma luna o. D.

'Olu E e i iau-waiwai o ka haku mele nui. Ua ua i loko o kēia hale ana i ka hana i loko o St. Petersburg noho Gabriel Derzhavin. Photos o ka waiwai ma ka Polish māla ua hōʻike mai iā ia ma lalo nei.

Ano, keia hale ua noʻonoʻo i ka papa kuhikuhiE Hale hoolaa ai i ke ola a me ka hana Gavriila Romanovicha Derzhavina. I kēia mau lā kā lākou kūlana o ka noho kahikoʻana loaʻa wale nō i loko o 2003, eia nae o ka olelo hooholo ma ka hoʻokumu o ka iau i i loko o nā makahiki elima mua ia. Ma mua makahiki, ua kanaka, ke kaiāulu. Ano, i ka hale, i ke Keena Kalaiaina o na wa e ola ana o Derzhavin.

O ka holo ana, i ka hoomanao ana o ia he poʻokela kanaka me Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin, 'aʻole e pono ke oblivion, a e loa e poina i loko o Rusia e ole.