E wehewehe ana o ka noiʻi i loko oʻAmelika Hema

Papa Inoa o ka noiʻi i loko o South America mea he nui. I ka wa a ka mea i wehe i kēia'āinapuniʻole? O schoolchildren ike ia mea, ua Hristofor Kolumb. Akā,ʻAʻole, e mai i ka noiʻi kaumaha, a me na mea pohihihi o keia pili ana. Paha wiwoʻole explorers i kakahiaka nui Middle Ages, o ka Noremana, i ka mokupuni o Greenland a me ka mokuna o North America lōʻihi ma mua Columbus. A i 'ole Pākē moku i kela kapa o ka moana Pakifika, a i na luina o ka lani aupuni a pau i Inoa' explorers o ka'āinapuniʻole. Eia hou, i ka Hristofor Kolumb a hiki i ka pau ana o kona ola ka mea, uaʻike pono ia ia, aole ia i kau aku ma luna o ka wawae o ka hou'āinapuniʻole, a me ka komohana kapakai o Alaska. Ma keia 'atikala mākou, e ho'āʻo e maopopo i ka nui explorers o South America. Kēlā me kēia no ia i ka pilina i ka hooulu ana o ka hou'āinapuniʻole. Mākou he paionia 'a me Lūkiniʻepekema papa inoa.

I ka moolelo o? Ia n oaa ke ala West

Papa Inoa o ka noiʻi alakaʻi ma ka 'Amelika Hristofor Kolumb, a me ia mea e pono e mahalo kona kānaka apau i mākaukau. I ia manawa, 'Eulopa uaʻike nō hoʻi i loko o ke kalepa kamaʻilio me India. Ke alanui ma laila no ka kilika a me ka mea ala ua lōʻihi a me ka weliweli. Ma muli o ka postulate o ka Honua a kinona, Columbus wänana i mea i India mai Europa ke holo,ʻaʻole e neʻe ana i ka hikina, a hahai i ke komohana. Ua ua ma laila, ma ka 'Akelanika, iā hoʻokele kona Loulou o, ke Alii o Sepania, o ka aina waiwai o ka lāʻauʻala a me ka meaʻala. A nae au noi aku i ke kālā no ka huakaʻi lako a pan. I ka 1492, Columbus ma kela aoao o ka Akelanika, a wehe ae la i ka nui Antilles. Keia pomaikai i ae aku ia ia e iai? Oaiaaou elua hou kaua kiʻi e kaua. I ka 1498 Columbus ike i ka mokupuni o Trinidad. I ka wai i loko o ke kai i kona palena luina mea overly liu hou ai. Oia insipidity hiki wale lawe aku i ka nui loa Hawaiian muliwai - hoʻoholo'akimalala. Kona mau moku i komo i ka waha o ka Orinoco, a kaupaona i nā i ka mokuna oʻAmelika Hema i ai i ka Paria Peninsula.

Huakaʻi kaua, Amerigo Vespucci

Aloha aupuni, keʻikeʻia ka pomaikai o Sepania explorers ma South America (laila, manao iho ia ua - ka Western kapakai o India), ua lako pono kona ekolu transatlantic huakaʻi. Ka mea, i kauoha mai ai i ka hoʻokele Amerigo Vespucci. He i hoopaa ia ia iho luʻu kai 'ana ma ke kahakai, a hana intrepid Hiking uka. E like me ka hopena, oia ike a me ka ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka Palakila Highlands, ka haahaa papa o ka Amazon muliwai, a me ka mākuʻe, kahi e ku nei i ke kulanakauhale o Rio de Ka Janeiro. Vespucci i nā hoomaka ae la e hoeha mai ia i na mea pohihihi. India newfound ?? eoi? Ua heʻokoʻa. He palapala iho la i kona'āina i loko o 1503, i mea - "Ka hou loa o ke ao nei." A me ia inoa apo la. Akau a me America South e no kapaia "Indies" a me ka "New World".

Amerigo Vespucci na makana mea invaluable. Ua i ka mea nana i haawi i ka o ka poʻeʻEulopa i ka ike ana o ke ola ana o ka hou'āinapuniʻole. No laila, ua hāʻawiʻia i nā i ka pelapela a kona inoa. Kela manawa, i ka 1507 Cartographer mai Lorraine Martin Waldseemüller christened ka hema hapa o ka'āinapuniʻole "America" (Latinized pela "Amerigo"). I ka 1538, i ka inoa, e halii mai i ka'ākau hapa o ka'āinapuniʻole.

A Fabulous aina o El Dorado

Hooeueuia lakou e ka pomaikai o na Pukiki, explorers ma South America, kona moku hoi, Hoʻoili aʻela me ke gula, i loko o nā makahiki 1522-58 a hiki i ka New World, a hiki i ka Sepania explorers. Ma lalo o ka pretext o ka iapaau ana o kūlokoʻohana a hiki i ka Karistiano manaoio, hoomaka ae la ka mea, hopu aina. Kēia naʻi (i loko o Spanish "Conquista") pu ma kaʻaha hooko o ke kanaka ma luna o ke ahi, a me ka looting 'ē aʻe, i ke koloheia. O ka poʻeʻEulopa manaoio aku i ka hou'āinapuniʻole - Golden Land, El Dorado. Akā, a me na conquistadors a me ka poe haipule fanatics ma South America hele mai, a maoli noiʻi, kŰia ha, hōʻike mua i ike ole laha 'o nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona, këia i ka aoao a me ka moʻomeheu o kūlokoʻohana. Ma ka Isthmus o Panama a me ka Spaniards komo iloko a hiki i ke komohana. Huakaʻi kaua, Andagoya P. (1522), F. Pizarro (1527), D. Almagro (1537), P. Valdivia (1540s), Ladrilero H. (1558), P. Pedro Sarmiento de Ka Gamboa (1580) mua ma ka Pacific a hiki ma ka hema i Chile.

Discoverers a me explorers o South America

'Aʻole wale nō i ka Spaniards a me Pukiki, i loko o ka naʻi aupuni o hou na aina mahele. Kelemānia moni Ehinger, Welser a me kekahi poe e ae i loaa ma 1528 ma ka Emperor Charles ka Elimaʻae e panalāʻau mua i ka akau-hikina kapakai o South America, e moe i ka Caribbean kai. Palani a me ka Netherlands i kekahi "Hoʻokaʻawale" ia ia iho ma ka apana o hou'āina. J. Pelekāne, luina, Davis, R. a me J. Hawkins, Ua paʻa wehe i ka Falkland Islands. A Hōlani Schouten W. a me J. Lemaire i ka 1616 ua hoʻokōʻia Cape Horn. Manaʻo'ālunu o Laielohelohe i ka Sepania conquistadors uka. I huli o ka kaʻao gula noʻu ka mea, ma kela aoao o ka Koro Andes, a iho i ka Amazon māhele 'āina. Spanish a me Pukiki, explorers, a kaʻahele maʻAmelika Hema, a komo aku la i ka muliwai Rio de Kaʻo Plata pa holoi, hōʻikeʻo Parana, i ka Nui Chaco, Paraguay. Mua i kela kapa o ka'āinapuniʻole mai o ka Pacific a hiki i ka 'Akelanika' huakaʻi F. Orellana i ka 1541.

ʻepekema noiʻi ma America South a me kā lākou mau discoveries

I ka papa kuhikuhiE manao o na poe mikanele a pau i hoike ia ma luna ua e hopu hou aina. Noiʻi like (kŰia ha, he ano o ka mea ana i ike ai ma ke alanui) i lawe mai wale no ka mea kōkua paipai i ka conquistadors kime. Akā, me ka Hekikai o ka mālamalama pahu hopu paionia 'hoʻololi. Ka mea mua nui akeakamai noiʻi ma South America manaoio i ka German Aleksandra Gumboldta a me Aime Bonpland Farani. Five makahiki (mai ka 1799 a hiki i 1804.) Ua lilo i ka pelapela, eʻohi ana i ka ohi ana i mea kanu, holoholona a me nā minelala hao. Ma hope iho o ia Alexander av Humboldt pau keia la kanakolu makahiki kākau e pili ana i ka manaʻo nui 30-noi hana "Holoʻana i ka equinoctial ( 'o ia hoʻi Kapikoowāea) New World aina."

Other noiʻi

Pololei palapala o ka'āinapuniʻole o makou e malama i ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia huakaʻi R. Fitzroy a me F. King. Ma ka umikumamaiwa kenekulia, i ka wa a ka'ākau hapa o ka'āinapuniʻole Amelika i ua E ke Kumu, i ka hema - no ka mea, o ka impassable jungles a me nā mauna kiʻekiʻe - koe unexplored. A me ka "terra incognita" peahi mai la ka noiʻi, mai kekahi aina. Ma ka XIX kenekulia ikeia noiʻi ia nā moku'āina 'South America, na kēia kanaka Kelemānia W. Eschwege K. Stein, ka Palani Jean Saint-Hilaire a me A. curls, Austrians a Bavarians J. Natterer, J. Paul, I. a me K. Martius olelo, i ka Beritania J .. Wells, W. Chandless, G. Bates a me A. Wallace. An invaluable na makana i ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana i hou'āina lawe mai Charles Darwin. He keʻano o South America ua paipaiʻia kānakaʻepekema, e manaʻo e pili ana i ka evolutionary kūpono 'ana o ke ola ma ka Honua.

Russian huakaʻi i ka pelapela a

Ka huakaʻi mua i wahi i loko o 1822-28, niioaaonoaaiii. Lūkini me kēia eiiieaena huakaʻi alakaiia e GI Langsdorf. Kona mau lala aʻo i ka loko wahi o Brazil. Ma keia scientific noiʻi ma o ka'āinapuniʻole i ole i pau ai. Ua Lūkini explorers o South America like me ka A. S. Ionin, N. M. Albov, G. Manizer, A. I. Voeykov wehewehe i ka hana kemika, aniau, moʻomeheu, ohana, flora a? Aaoa o Tierra del Fuego. Biologist NI Vavilov kipa i ka'āinapuniʻole i ka 1932-33. a, e kuhikuhi i ke kumu o kekahi mea kanu mahiʻai.