Experience Stern - mana study o hakakino-kinetic kumumanaʻo

Ma ka lua o ka hapalua o ka umikumamaiwa ke kenekulia, ke study o Brownian (chaotic) ka noi o nā lātoma, kena ae la ka puulena hoihoi o na mea he nuiʻimi naʻauao physicists o ka manawa. ? Ac? Ia e ka Hawaiian nä känaka 'epekema James Maxwell pähola' o hakakino-kinetic 'ole o ka mea nae ka mea, i nui ike i loko o ka Europa scientific kaiāulu, akā, he ua wale he mea hypothetical palapala. No ka mea, he mea hiki ke hookupaa iho la ia laila ka mea, ua ole. I ka neʻeʻana mai o nā lātoma koe inaccessible i ka pololei kilo ana a me ka o ko lākou māmā mea insurmountable e ka 'epekema pukana.

I mea no ke aha la ia mea i ka mea e hooiaio hiki i ka mea o ka hakakino 'ole o ka waiwai a me ka hooholo i ka mämä holo o ka neʻeʻana o konaʻike makaʻole (particles), initially ike like apau. ʻano nui nui o ka ho okolohua no physical science ua akaka no, e like me ka mea e leie aku e kiʻi mea hiki iainiiaaiey a me ka hooiaio ana o ka ho'ōia o kekahi o ka loa holomua theories o ka manawa - ka hakakino-kinetic.

Ma ke kakahiaka nui iwakalua kenekulia, ke ao nei epekema ua hiki i ka lawa kiʻekiʻe o? Acaeoey no ka muli o ka maoli nā papaha o ka mana hōʻoia o Maxwell ka kumumanaʻo. German physicist Otto Stern i ka 1920, ana i ka mea nana i ulana hakakino ano, a i invented ma ka Farani Lui Dyunoye i ka 1911, ka makahiki, hooponopono iho i ke ana i ka mämä holo o ka neʻeʻana o ke kinoea nā lātoma kala. Experience Stern irrefutably hoao iho la ia i ka ho'ōia o Maxwell ka hoi o ka makana kānāwai. Nā hopena o keia hoʻokolohua hoʻopaʻa i ke ihola ua helu hemolele velocities nā'ātoma i kahe mai ka mea hypothetical nā mea mahuʻi i e Maxwell. Oiaio, e pili ana i ke ano o ke kiʻekiʻe-ka māmā holo gradation ka hoao ana Stern ua hiki ke haawi wale loa hoʻonaninani 'ike. 'ike' epekema hou ia, e kakali kekahi makahiki eiwa.

Me ka nui e neʻe ke puunaue kānāwai e hoʻokuʻikuʻi ka Lammert i ka 1929, kekahi mau hoonui ae i ka hoao ana Stern ma ka hele i ka hakakino laau nui ma ka paʻa o ke kaʻapuni iwi kuamoʻo, he kahahānai puka, a offset pili i kekahi i kekahi i ka kekahi huina. E loli iki ana i ke kuapo māmā holo ana o ka mokuna a me ka huina ma waena o nā lua, Lammert hiki ke kaʻawale mai na nā lātoma kanaka o ka mea nana i ulana, a i okoa māmā lawelawe. Akā, ka mea, ua i ka hana o Stern ia i ka hoʻomaka o ka mana? Ea i loko o ka mahinaʻai o hakakino-kinetic kumumanaʻo.

I ka 1920 i ka mua mana AUOO Ua hanaia no ka ike maopopo ana o keia ano keia ano. Ua oia no ka mau ana o nā paukūʻolokaʻa, papahana kino ma Stern. Loko i ka mea i waiho platinum lahilahi koʻokoʻo me ke kala ka penaʻana, a ua evaporated ma ka paio hahana maoli nō (axis) uila. Ka holo aku ana i ua hana i loko o ka pa alima, he hāiki laau nui o nā'ātoma kala paa dumped lonikū slit oki ma ka ili o ka paukūʻolokaʻa, a ua noho ma luna o ka hana mawaho pale. O ka holo ana, i ka mīkini mea i loko o ka noi, a oiai na nā'ātoma hiki aku i kaʻilikai manawa e huli ma ka kekahi huina. Ma keia ala, Stern, a paa i ka mämä holo o ko lākou neʻe.

Akā, ia mea,ʻaʻole wale nō he 'epekema e piʻi like o Otto Stern. A makahiki ma hope,ʻo ia ka hui hanohano i me Walter Gerlach hana i ka hoʻokolohua, a hookupaa iho la ia i ke alo o ka milo lākou o nā'ātoma, a, e hoao hoi i ka oiaio o ko lākou māhele quantization. Stern-Gerlach hoʻokolohua ninau aku i ka paa ana o ka hana mana AUOO me ka ikaika paʻa Mākēneki ma kona kumu. Ma lalo o ka aoao o ka meaʻume mākenēki kula ua loaʻa ma keia ikaika ke keʻena kula haʻahaʻaa (particles) deflected kohoʻia e like me kā lākou mauʻume mākenēki milo.