Grigory Potemkin: Kawaihae a me ka hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo o ke ola

Ma ka moʻolelo o ko mākou'āina nele imua o personalities, kino i ka i koe controversial a hiki i kēia lā. I mau mea e hopohopo nei, a me Grigory Potemkin. Ma ka hoohiki ana o ka inoa o ke kanaka o ka hui mua i ia lŘlŘ ma ka awelike Russian i "Potemkin kauhale". Ua Ua nui na mea i manaoio ia ia mea synonymous me Kiure mōʻaukala farce a me ka hoike ana aku i Gregory "splurge" Empress Ana a me kona mau haole hoaʻai. Eia ka mea, e kekahi mau kanaka i mea ia mea, e waiho ia lākou naʻau,ʻaʻole loa untrue.

Keia ua höʻike läkou e ma ka liʻiliʻi loa o ka mea i haole, ka mea i loko o ia mau lā i ka haʻahaʻa manao o ko mākou aupuni, ua ae ia Grigory Potemkin hana na mea a pau no ka New Rusia, a me ka Crimea, oi ma mua o kekahi meaʻokoʻa aku. Aʻaʻohe sarcasm i loko o kā lākou mau'ōlelo ua ole: Ua hoopilihua ai oia ia lakou maoli ma ka pālākiō o ka hana, a me ka hele pū ana mau o ka punahele o ka Empress. I loko nō o kona makemake no ka hana maʻamau a me na oihana mua o ka "nani ola", keia kanaka i hiki ke hana a pau āna i hana ia brilliantly!

mōʻaukala hoʻopaʻapaʻa

Mōʻaukala - "lede" capricious a me ka poe pono ole. Iki manaʻo:ʻo ia Pyrrhus, loea a me ka akamai luna, koe ma ka hoomanao ana o ka mamo wale i makaʻuʻole luna koa, "littered me kaʻenemi ka io." Aʻaʻohe mea, aole ia i hoomanao i Pierre ia ia iho i ka haʻahaʻa manao o ia lanakila 'o ia e ka lanakila. A me Grigory Potemkin. Ma muli naʻe o nā mea a pau i kana hana ana i ka nani o Rusia, ua manaʻo e pili ana i ka mea wale nō i loko o ka ribald oʻApelila ia.

Koke wānana pū nō i kona hoʻokolokolo me Ana, noha no ka hana maʻamau a me nā mea a pau i ka ia 'ölelo-ola me ka make kauhale ... I mea, Gregory i kekahi o na organizers loa loea o ia manawa me ka unquestionable makana, a me ka lehulehu hooponopono mākau. Aloha kau, i ke kanaka ka mea, ua nui maoli. Paʻakikī, a me kā lākou mau quirks, akā, kona hewa i ka Logical hoomau o kona mau kanalua pono la. No laila, ina i ole makemake e pili ana i ka lua o ka 'ōlelo a hiki i kekahi mau moʻolelo, i ke kia Grigoriyu Potemkinu i hoalaia unfairly? No, no papa. Haku a me maoli hewaʻiʻo a pau o kona accolades a me regalia. E ike i keia, ua pololei pono e ike i ka nui milestones o kona Kawaihae.

Pehea mea a pau, hoomaka ae la

He Ua hanau ia ma Smolensk mokuna. Place o ka hanau - he uuku kauhale Chizhov. Ua hana 13 (24) ma September 1739. Makua ua Aleksandr Vasilevich Potomkin, he hoʻomaha kumu nui. Kona ano ua, e like me ka manawa kuluma i ka olelo, "ʻAʻohe kōpaʻa". O ia ka leo maoli mea ia 'o ia no ke keiki i hookoeia mai, pela ka mea, ua pepehi ana ia, a ua he no maoli o ka ikaika hikiwawe, a me kaʻono no ka inu. Mea pōmaikaʻi Gregory, hoomau iho la oia i keia mea wale nō i kaʻehiku makahiki, a laila, hala aku la i kona makuakane.

Ka makuahine, Daria V., ho'āʻo paakiki e paku ia i kona keiki, mai ka aoao hewa o kona makua kāne, a mau no ia ia, e komo, no ke aha la ka mea, ua Hoomau pinepine pihoihoi. A no ka mea, ma hope o ka make ana o Alexander Vasilyevich a pau ohana uwe aku la me ke ola. Potemkin neʻe i Moscow, a ma na aoao keia i ukuia a hiki i ka makemake, e haawi aku i ka hoʻonaʻauao maikaʻi loa i Gregory. Hou, no ka mea, o ka mea 'ano o ke keiki ka makemake ua ole loa ka hookoia. Eia naʻe, e hai aku ia oe i na mea a pau ma ka mea.

haumana

Mai ka loa opiopio makahiki Grigory Potemkin mai he loa nona ano:ʻo ia literally hele mai ma luna o ka manaʻo e pomaikai iā ia, aʻo ia ke hana ia mea, aneane puni ka uaki, akā, e like me koke ia ia, a me ka pālahalahaʻana anu. Naʻe, ka hapanui o ko lākou mau hoao aku,ʻo ia nō pau. Ma kekahi, au i nā ho'āʻo pono no ka pomaikai. Ua ua i loko o make hewa - i ka 1755, ua lilo i ka haumāna ma Moscow University, a me ka pololei o ka makahiki ma hope o ka opiopio Gregory loaa he gula kâlâ keʻokeʻo "No ka piʻi like i loko o kā lākou mau haʻawina."

I ia mau lā ka mea, ua maoli he poʻokela ma nā wahi o ke kānaka apau i mākaukau. Na mea a pau kuhikuhi i ka mea i ka papa inoa o ka malamalama o ka Lūkini 'epekema e koke e komo i ka hou inoa. Inā ka mea, he maoli no, i lana ai, Potemkin oiaio hiki lilo i poʻokela nä känaka 'epekema. ʻO wai ka mea i ike, malia ua nalowale kekahi University ...

A makahiki ma hope ia i loko o ka pūʻulu o 12 maikai haumana a hoike aku la ia Elizabeth. O ia ka leo e like me nā mea a pau i hele hewa ... wale ekolu makahiki ma hope i kipaku no kona "palaualelo, a hele haʻi'ōlelo." A no ka pono kumu. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, a pau i ka hana 'ana i nā mea a pau e lilo i luminary o ka' epekema. Anna i keia manawa kokoke i ole he hookahi reputable mentor ka mea hiki ke kuhikuhi mai i ka hewa o kana mau hana. I ka Ia manawa Gregory hoike ana ia ia i ka palapala keiki: hoʻomanaʻo no ka ehaeha o ka makuwahine, i walania iho la lakou i kona expulsion,ʻo ia ma hope ua kuʻi mai i ka kiʻekiʻe wahine no ia. Naʻe, oiai keia i ole ia i ka ninau. Young "mediocrity" Ua kali ana no ka poe kaua o ka Lūkini State.

Makemake a me ka oluolu me ka haohao

Nā wā aku la i kekahi o na kumu keakea o Potemkin ua haaheo, i kekahi manawa, huli i loko o ka hamama lapuwale a me ka naau haakei. Naʻe, ka mea, uaʻaʻole pono he ino mea: malau akula loaa i kona hoʻokuʻu, ua hoʻoholo koke i komo ma ka oihana koa ala. Ma ia manawa ua mua he ano o ka mea like o ka oihana koa oihana, a no ka mea, i nehinei ka haumāna i mua formally ua hoʻolālā i loko o ka poʻe koa, a iʻeleu koa hana. He ua he maikai kumu hoʻopaipai no ka hou 'oihana!

No laila, i ka 1761, oia ua paa i ke ano o ka makai, e malama aku i ka hookahi lā ana. I ka mea ia manawa, i ka mua haumāna i hele mai ai i St. Petersburg, a mea i loko o ka regiment. Kona helehelena ua ai kilakila i ka mea koke i ka pololei oe Field Ilamuku Georga Lyudviga (Duke o Schleswig-Holstein).

poe kipi

I loko nō o ka mahana? Eaia i loko o ka poʻe koa, Gregory ke awa oʻaʻohe palupalu manaʻo no kona haʻahaʻa o hoʻomäinoino luna, Peter III, ka mea i mua kauoha aku, e haawi aku i ka aina e kahe ana ka wai i ke koko o Lūkini koa, me kona kiʻi Frederick. A i ka mea backfired i piha: i ka poe kaua o ka Lūkini moku'āina i kala e like me ka betrayal i hiki ole pono. 'Aʻole surprisingly, ka Potemkin eaaei pili ana i ka poʻe kaua o ka poe kipi. Day o ka coup, June 28, 1762, ua ka popoiwi wahi i loko o ka hopena o ka ole wale Rusia, akā, kekahi o na Makai o. Ana II koke makemake i ka maikai maikai.

Haʻalele lākou "nā hoapili" i loko o ka'āina, a hua mai la i wale ke koreneta, i ka wā e hiki mai statesman hookahi waeia lua o ka lutanela. Ma mau, ka mea, o ka ia me ina i keia la Makai o ka lā lilo he kumu nui. Ua Ua keia mea i ua nema aku ma ka moʻolelo, no keia mea,ʻo ia ka lā hoʻokahi loaʻa he wahi lihi iki o ka poe enemi. Inā, i ka wā e hiki mai Earl o ka mea hewa, aole ia i ike, no ka mea, o kona lapuwale pampered mai ka hoʻomaopopo kona exclusivity.

Desperation a me ka ikaika

Eia naʻe, i ia manawa, Potemkin hiki ole moe o ka oi ka lokomaikai o ka Empress. Ka mea i ka mea, ua he punahele o ke Kauna Orlov, a paʻi ia i hiki wale mai me ia. I loko nō i lawe mai ai ma ka hana insignia a me ka hoʻolilo 'ia', i nā hoomaka Gregory e ulu anu i kona oihana. I ia manawa, ua aneane he mea kupaianaha hana ': Potemkin Grigoriy Aleksandrovichʻaneʻane lilo i ka möneka! He ua lōʻihi theological kēia hui kūkāʻana me nā mea lawelawe o ka ekalesia, hitting ia me kona ike, a me seriously hoomakaukau ana no ka hoʻohikiʻana. Akā, laila, ka mea e hiki mai ana Lūkini-Turkish kaua.

"Illiterate, akā, immensely wiwoʻole"

I ka 1769, he opiopio Major General (eiwa makahiki !!!) e hele ai i ke kaua, e like me ka hana manawaleʻa. Konaʻeleuʻano kaulike hiki i hele mai e like me ka manawa e hoao ai ia ia iho. Oddly lawa, akā, Ua kupaʻa kânaka a me nā poʻeʻenemi Potemkin mai la i ka mea hookahi: "Pehea mau mea - he nele wahi, akā, me ka immensely nui ke aho, a aole lilo ke koa ma ke kaua."

He piʻi i loko o nā wahi i kahi mea i ka hana pono ole, a ma ka mea ia manawa holoʻokoʻa ana i ke kanaka, akā, kaua me iaʻaoʻao ma kaʻaoʻao, a aole loa hūnā ma ke kua o na koa. Potemkin i ma aneane pau'āina kaua kauwahi.

O ka holo ana, aia no he pokole i Potemkin Grigoriy Aleksandrovich (hiki) no laila, nui ka meʻe ua ole, a kaulana loa kona - i ka hopena o laudatory hōʻike ma Ana ka inoa. Oiai keia meaʻaʻole paha: i kona ikaika, e olelo aku i ka meaʻino poe enemi. O ka holo ana, i kēia 'aʻole e ho'āpono aku i ka hoʻokali kūpono' a me ka pinepine naʻaupō kēia me keia poho.

punahele

I ka 1774, Potemkin ke hele mai a hiki i ka pā hale ma luna o nā'ēheu o ka nani. Eagles i loko o ia manawa o ia i ka hilahila, a no ka mea, ke kahua koke he mea he hou punahele o Ana. Gregory koke loaʻa i ka inoa o ka helu a me ka ano o General-ma-Nui.

Moʻolelo nō hoʻopaʻapaʻa e pili ana i ka mamao o ka pilina o Potemkin a me Ana. Aia ka he mana e hiki i kekahi kaikamahine Elizabeth mai lākou pili.

Allegedly Ua hoololiia ke kaikamahine a hiki i ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ia' ana o ka mea hea ka hoahanau o ka lānai hou hanaia pakuhi. Kona inoa ua Temkin, e like me ka mooolelo o kēlā mau makahiki i mai la, i illegitimate keiki e e hāʻawiʻia ka inoa o ka makua kāne, lawe aku la ia mai ka weuweu o ka syllable mua. Akā, ua iho la na makua Grigory Potemkin a Ana?

"Ua ikea anei kekahi keiki? .."

Ma ka Tretyakov Gallery i kekahi kiʻi o keia wahine, no laila, i kona ola ana mea i hihia. Kona makua kāne hiki pono ia Gregory, akā, ināʻo ia o ka makuwahine o Ana? Ka mea ia i ka manawa o ka hanau ana o Elizabeth ka mea, ua mua 45 o kona mau makahiki, a hiki no keia manawa mea i pono no mau hanau, a me ka hiki i ia mau lā ka mea, ua mea hiki. Ka mea a ka mea, ua, akā, i loko o kēlā mau makahiki o ka lākiō o Potemkin a Ana e noho ana i ka loa oiaio.

Here I makemake makemake e e hoʻokahi waleʻana aku. Ma ka Empress i loko o kona ola ana i ka puu o ka punahele a me nā hoa. Akā, a pau no ia mau mea, no ke kahe o ka lokomaikai o ke alii, alaila, hele aku la i loko o ka malu, a ua hana iho i hoʻomanaʻo. Potemkin, a ua weheʻia mai o ka pā hale, noho hoʻokani he kūlana nui i loko o ke aupuni, a no ia mea, kaulikeʻole e hoahewa aku ia ia wale nō, mai ke kuanaʻike o ka loea courtier.

Ieoaeunoai o New Rusia

I ka 1776, he protege o ka Empress loaa mai i ka hana o ka lahui nui: hana hoʻoponoponoʻana o Kamehameha o New Rusia, Azov, nā'āina i loko o ia mau wahi. Aneane pau ae i Prince Grigory Potemkin Tauride ma loko o kēia kahua o ka mea hiki ole i ka pomaikai. Moʻolelo manaoio nei au nana i hana mai ai no kaʻaoʻao hema o ko mākou aupuni oi ma mua o Peter I loko o ka Northern Teritore (debatable, i aku la o Petero i ka hana ma lalo loa pilikia ana). He hoʻokumu na kulanakauhale a me na kauhale, kahi pono i nehinei kahili ae huahelu o nomads, a me ua mea akā, laau ooi hehi mauu.

Naʻe,ʻo ia ia mau manao e pili ana i ka nui o ko lākou aupuni, hatching i na manao e hoʻopiha suppression o Tureke a me ka hoihoi hou ia ana o ka mea kahiko Byzantine aupuni a pau ma lalo o ka rula ana o kekahi o na mamo a Ana II. Ke manao ia i hoʻokō, akā, i ka manao a me ka hoʻohui'āina o Crimea, ua hoʻokō i piha. Aia ia i hoomau i kona hana ma ka hooikaika ana Rusia mau mokuna, i ka hoʻokumuʻo o ke kulanakauhale, a me ka pā kaua. Ma kekahi, ka mea i ka mea nana i waiho ai i ke kulanakauhale o Kherson, Odessa a me na mea e ae.

Ka lapuwale a me ka hana maʻamau

Ka mea e ole e hana wale i ka olelo i kaʻono no ka hana maʻamau Duke i maoli he e hoowahawaha aku ai. Ma kekahi, i kona ua inaina i ka ua no laila, kaumaha ma luna o nā nā mea hoʻonani a me nā mea e nani ai mea a pau i loko o kona mau lima, e lawe pololei oe. A hiki i ka manawa ia Ana iā ia iho i kona poʻe hoaʻai, a he makemake ko predstavat i ka lehulehu i loko o alodio holoholona lākeke, Potemkin koe oiaio ia ia iho, alohilohi a pau ka poe a keia alohilohi gula a me diamonds. ʻO ia kāna moʻolelo ka mea i loko o ka kuhikuhipuʻuone mau manao o Potemkin: ke ia kulanakauhale Kherson i mua hapai ma luna o ia me ka unahiʻole, i mea e like ai ka laekahi Moscow hiki iā ia i loko o kekahi mea i ka huāhuā ka. I mea, ia mea,ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomaopopo i ka hapaʻumi o ka manao.

"Ka lepo i loko o ka maka," a me ka lanakila?

I ka 1787, ua hoʻoholo ihola Ana i ka hoʻohanohanoʻana i kona noonoo Crimea. Potemkin, ka mea i mua loaa ke ano like Field Ilamuku, hiki i kekahi i ka wa pono e like me ka poʻokela hou e maopopo ai iaʻu iho. No laila, i ka "Potemkin kauhale", eia nae,ʻaʻole i loko o ke ano o ka a mākou e'ōlelo aku i kēia lā, maoli lakou. Once hou - ka mea, he loa maoli, kauwa maoli noho paʻa i loko o kēia mau noho, akā, me ka mea kūpono nā wahi a ninau AND luxuries Gregoryʻae nō hoʻi i hiki ole. I mea no ke aha la, a malaila ua walaʻau e pili ana i ka farce a "unreality" ike ia e Ana a me kona mau haole hoaʻai.

Mau kanaka ike, akā, ma ka manawa ia i nā kipa 'ka Empress Crimea i hana i ka kūikawā "poe o ka Amazon," i pūʻali koa i mea wale nō, mai na kaikamahine o aliʻi koko. Maoli ai, ma hope o ka hele ana o Ana e i disbanded, me Potemkin hoomaopopo pono loa ke kāpae futility o ia i ka oihana ho okumu ma luna o ke kaua maoli. A pau o ka ia inoa, "Field Ilamuku," ia i ua ole wale no o ka manao o ka Empress. Ia a pauʻike mai i ka buke o ka hana i hana i ka punahele o ka Empress, maoli kupaianaha, ai oluolu e kala aku ia ia irrepressibleʻono no ka hana maʻamau a me ka nani.

Maikaʻi a me ka hopena maikaʻi

A kakini nui a me ka iwakālua nā ipu uuku o ke kahua i ka nui fireworks 'ia, a ua lilo ka apotheosis o Ana ka huakai a hiki i ka mokupuni. Kēia'auwaʻa, a ikea aku la ka mokuna o ka Crimea mai o lahilahi ea, i pau walawala ai na haole, ka poe i hele pu me ka Empress.

He nui wā a me nā moʻolelo e manaoio ana i ka pono o ke kūkulu o kēia mau moku i kekahi "ka hanu-pio". Ae, ka mea, heʻoiaʻiʻo, akā, i ka mea e hiki mai ana kaua me Tureke, ua moekolohe nō kēia mau moku a Mānoa ano nui ka, ma muli naʻe o nā mea a pau kona hewa. Ka mea, ua ma hope o kēia Potemkin Grigoriy Aleksandrovich, kona Kawaihae Ua kūkākūkā i loko o kēia 'atikala, kauoha aku loaa ka inoa o "Tauride", denoting kona poʻokela e piʻi like i loko o ka ulu ana o ka hou aina.

Kekahi hopena maikaʻi hiʻona o kona ano i ka hikiʻole ke kiʻi a me nāʻiʻo no ka Lūkini kanaka. Ua ua ike ia Potemkin Suvorov hiki ole ke ku, a me ka hoʻohanohano luna aku la i ka ia me ke akea inaina naau haakei a me ka mea lapuwale. Eia hou kekahi, ia pono i ike ia Grigory Potemkin pinepine E hoomana aku ia ia iho i kona haʻawina, e ala kahua.

ʻOiai ua loaʻa Suvorov kumu e mahalo i kona detractors: ia ka hoomaikai, e Potemkin Lūkini kaua ua lilo ho'āpono pakele o ka absurd Prussian'āina hoʻoili i loko o ka palapala o ka wig, curls a me braids, a i ka kela la i keia lula pili ka nui maʻalahi a oi mea hiki. He nui kōkua ai i nā ka paakiki hana o ke koa. Eia hoi, i ka wa a ka mea i undergone he Lūkini lio kona heyday, e like me ka mea i hana i ka hailona no ka hooulu ana o keia ano keia ano o ka hao wale. Kēia hana i hānau i ka hua ma ka 1812, ka wā ka mea, ua i ka lio i ka papa kuhikuhi ma ko poe e ku e ia i ka hao lākou koa o Napoleon.

Nō hoʻi, i ka alihi kaua nui hoi e hookomoia mai ana Potemkin - he hoʻokuhikuhi nui ma ka hope. Ma lalo o kona poe kaua i ike o ka pilikia me ka 'eleu haawi o ka lako, me na mea kaua a me na mea a pau e pono ai. No laila, Prince Grigory Potemkin maoli a puni pepehi i ka manao, a hiki i kona poe enemi (a wahi iho la i wale n? No ka mea, o ka lapuwale a me ka naau haakei o kekahi).

Opal a me ka wehe '

Trees courtier - fragile mea. Aʻu i aʻo o keia a me kā mākou meʻe, ka wā i huli aʻe ai i ke kahua, a kokoke i ka opiopio Plato Zurabov. ʻaʻole kēia kanaka i ua kaikaina wale Potemkin, akā, ua i emi i ka manawaleʻa iā hoʻokuhikuhi. Nā lā o ka mea kahiko punahele i heluia. i makemake Zurabov ole, e waiho mai me ka ikaika alo o ka elemakule enemi, a no ia mea, Koi ikaika ma luna o kona wehe 'ana. I ka 1791, ua haʻakoiʻia i ka haʻalele St. Petersburg.

hope he hana maʻamau

Mua i loko o January, e hele hoʻi hou, hoi mai ana me kekahi kaua Turkish. Moekahi 'ehâ mahina i loko o ka Tauride Palace , kekahi ma hope o kekahi haawiia i ka incredibly sumptuousʻahaʻaina, a Potemkin squandered 850 tausani rubles. I ia mau lā ka mea, ua he Kiure huina. A pau keia ua wale alualu kekahi pahu hopu - e hoʻi i ka lokomaikaʻiʻia mai o Ana, akā, ka mea, o kona manao e emi ana. He noteworthy i hiki Zurabov hoʻomaopopo loa i ka undesirability Potemkin wehe 'ia mai ka lehulehu mea, no laila, i ka kūnewa aliʻi wale olelo mai ai me kona kākoʻo mau' alo i loko o St. Petersburg mea undesirable.

He ua 'Imi' ole i loko o ka maluhia naʻe me ka Kauai. Akā, ka mea, ua wale he pale: ka lapuwale o keia manawa Gregory i hewa hana, oia wale hiki ole ola kona kaawale ana mai Ana. Nā aʻalolo, oia ua seriously mai, akā, no ho'āʻo e komo i loko o lehulehu mea. Rusia, 18th kenekulia no i ua i ka heyday o ka pakebona, a koke lilo aku kekahi o ka loa a me ka notorious controversial o kāna mau keiki kāne.

hope lā

October 5, 1791 Haku lilo maʻi pono i loko o ke kaa, i ukali ia mai Iasi a hiki i Nikolaev. Ike i kana mau olelo hope. He kauoha i ke kaa e ana, a i mai la: "ʻO ia nā mea a pau, i wahi e hele aku, au Laki make! E Me mai o ke kaa, au makemake e make ma luna o ke kahua, "pu ma ka lawe pu ana ke akahele mamuli o kona haku ma ka Akuma ka kahua !. A mau minuke ma hope, ua hele i ka luna. He Ua kanuʻiaʻo ia i loko o ka Kherson pā, i ka Hale Pule Nui o St. Ana (i i kūkuluʻia ma lalo o kona alakaʻiʻana).

Pēlā i make ai Grigoriy Aleksandrovich Potemkin (1739-1791 GG.). Kēia kekahi henua kanaka i koe i ka hohonu hoailona i loko o ka moʻolelo o ko mākou'āina, a no ka mea, o kona kūlana, e hoopoina ana ma kekahi hihia ole i ke Akua. ka mea, ina ua He oiaio okoa me ia.