Khrushchev ka makaikai ana i ka US i ka 1959. Historical kūʻiʻo

"I kono ia iho!" - me ka inoa like 'Amelika Media Pani' ōlelo 'o ka mua hele N. S. Hruscheva i kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia. Ka lā o ka poʻokela global diplomacy, no ka mea,ʻaʻohe i kekahi, a hiki hiki ole ke manao wale laila, i kekahi mea e like keia hiki ke hana. KeʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia, a me ka Soviet Union - helu kekahiʻenemi ka mea i kekahi manawa, makaukau e luku kekahi i kekahi me ka nukelea pepehi iho at ia i kekahi manawa. Khrushchev ka makaikai ana i ka US (1959) iki e ho'ākāka 'ia i loko o kekahi'ōlelo: hoʻokahi-kanaka hōʻike, i loko o a Khrushchev hoʻokani i ke kūlana kumu nui i loko o ke alo o ke anaina e' Amelika. E wehewehe mai i loko o kā mākou 'atikala lāliʻi pehea keia hanaia.

US a Soviet ana ma luna o ka Ewa o ka hele

i hiki maopopo i kaʻiʻo nō o kēia mea heluhelu i ka ua i ka mua kipa o Khrushchev a hiki i kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia. Year - 1959, koke mua ia, ma ka iwakālua Party Ahaolelo Lahui i ka 1953, ka mea i hai mai i ka inevitability o ka mea e hiki mai ana honua kaua.

I ka makahiki 1956, i ka Soviet Union kūkala i ka hou koa ana - i ka nui pono o nukelea a me Kao lele lako kaua uea 'ole i ke kaua.

I 1957, ko makou aupuni ua hoano e ka honua ka mua Melia ballistic Kao lele lako kaua. Hanana pono ai i Kiure no ke ao nei i ka nui, a me ka US ma a pau: Americans e noho ana ma luna o kekahi'āinapuniʻole, ka mea i geographically kaʻawaleʻana, mai ke koena o ko ke ao nei, i ko lakou poe koa, a me ka moku reliably ole ia, mai kekahi aggression, ka kŰia o Pearl Harbor, ma, hopena a i i, maʻamau Americans ma hope o ka lanakila ma ka honua kaua II ua ikaika iʻaʻole i loko o ke ao nei hiki ole hou olelo hooweliweli aku i ko lakou maluhia. Ae, i ka USSR, a me kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia i nukelea mea kaua i hiki hoopau mai i ke ao nei, akā, ia mea i loko o ka palapala o ka nunui hopeʻia me ka kŘpuna hopena o ka make. Mau hopeʻia i kēia manawa pono, e haawi i ka mokulele a hiki i ka US mokuna a dump ia ma laila. Efficient Amelika ea pale nenoaiu, i mea ma manuwa kumu i loko o ka United States oia o Kao lele lako kaua, moku, mokulele nā moku halihali mokulele, kinai jets a me ka 'ē aʻe. Hoʻihoʻi i nukelea pōkā pahū no ka Americans, he mea hiki ole i ke. A laila, e hele mai a pau na headlines i loko o nā nūpepa i loko o ka USSR he ua he nui rocket, hiki o anywhere i loko o ke ao nei, e pepehi i ka naau o ka New York, ua pili ia i ka unattainable kiekie no ea pale. Ua huli mai ia e ole hoola i Amelika pale pale kaua hana no na makahiki, ka United States mai aggression. Capitalist aina ua komo 'o loko o ka moku'āina o ka panic makau i ka make māinoino o "Kamehameha Russian" - me kēia mau'ōlelo i kapaʻia mākou i ka Western kaomi ana o ka manawa.

A me keia mea he weliweli manawa no ka Western honua paʻi he hoike ia e koke hiki mai mua launa aku o Khrushchev a hiki i kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia. Kēia lā Ua malama like he Holiday, a haawi manaolana no miliona o Americans mea paha Lūkini, aʻaʻole i "Kamehameha" e like me ka mea, na poe i ka ahakanaka ma mua, a me ka e ole e luku aku i ke West kekahi nukelea hahau ballistic Kao lele lako kaua.

kono

Khrushchev ka mua aku a hiki i ka USA i wahi mililani aku i ke kono a US Pelekikena Eisenhower. Hope, ua ike oia i ka Soviet alakaʻi ua hoihoi i ka Western moʻomeheu a me ka hoʻokele waiwai, e like me ka ua i ka waiwai nahā i me ka US ke Soviet Union malama.

Ke demonization o ka Soviet Union, i ka Western Media i kekahi wahi ma mua o ka manawa. Khrushchev i loko o nā makahiki kakahiaka o kona noho alii ana ho'āʻo nei e kiʻi a me ka capitalist aina, makemake i ka "peacefully coexist me ia." Naʻe, i ka manawa kūpono o ka hou honua kaua, ua no i alii iho la oia i ke kakauolelo nui mai, e like me ka mea, ua loihi ia, mai naʻaupō kēia, a me ka hoʻomanaʻo pono i ka haʻawina o ka moolelo, e like me ka wahahee o ka Western diplomacy.

Ke kumu o ke kono

Peresidena Eisenhower makemake e hoʻonā i ke kūlana o Pelelina, e like me ka mea Soviet alakaʻi i hou ana e tolerate i ka "noho ana ciia" i loko o ke kūlanakauhale. Mai ka Soviet? Aie? O Kelemania, i hana i ka hou ana - i ka German aupuni Repubalika - me kona kapikala ma Pelelina. Hoomau a hiki i loko o kēia kūlanakauhale, "i ke alo o na capitalists" mākou alakaʻi i i makemake ia. Ma ke kupulau a me ke kauwela o 1959, i paʻa nā kūkākūkā haole kahuna i loko o Geneva, akā, ua holopono.

Personal kono ia Khrushchev ka makaikai ana i ka United States o America i lawe mai, mai ka Hope Kuhina o ka USSR lunahoomalu o Frol Kozlov, ka poe i hele aku i ka puka o ka Soviet exhibition.

"I ae aku, i mua au i i manaoio. Ko makou hoahanau i ai i hoka ai i ke kono a hiki i ka launa aku i ka poo o ka Soviet ke aupuni, a me ka First Kakauolelo o ka CPSU Central Komite ua unbelievable "-! Nikita Khrushchev hope hoʻomanaʻo aʻela.

Ka Amelika ahakanaka i hiki ole ke manaoio ia, akā, koke, ua lāliʻi i waiho na mea a pau i loko o kona wahi: Peresidena Eisenhower aoia i ka limahana o ka 'Oihana State (US Kuhina o ko na Aina e) Robertu Merfi kekahi, Kozlov kono i Khrushchev ka makaikai ana i ka' Amelika. ua elue Laamaikahiki, e lilo i ka mea a ka Soviet Union alakai like ma luna o ka Geneva berita ma ka wā e hiki mai kūlana o Pelelina ma 'Amelika hua'ōlelo. Eia naʻe, Murphy poina e hōʻike e pili ana i keia kulana, a me Khrushchev palaka a hiki i ka Eisenhower maliu mai i ka leo kono maikaʻi.

Inā mākou i unuhi i kēia, mai ka kalaiaina'ōlelo i ka maʻamau, laila e hele mākou i ka kēia: Americans Pono e hookoe i ko lakou wahi i loko o Pelelina, akā, i loko o Geneva, ua hoʻowahāwahā mākou diplomats a pau lākou i nā noi. Ma hope iho o ia, oia ho'āʻo i ka hoʻoponopono ai 'Amelika alakaʻi Khrushchev, ostensibly ana i ka lima kolohe' ana i ko kākou Kakauolelo Nui, ka leo kono i aku la ia ia i ka noho aloha pū makaikai. Ma ka pōʻaiapili o ka mai ana mai anuanu War, e höÿole ÿia ua kono he e, akā, aole nae kekahi hookuuia e mākaukau kaua. Eia naʻe, Khrushchev mea unpredictable a me ka expressiveness nā ma wahi lulu kuwaho a me na haole. He hoolohe mai i ke kono a me na olelo: "Ua pono, a laila au e noho ma laila i ka pule a me elua." Eisenhowerʻaʻole hiki akā, e ae ia ia.

Pehea e hōʻoia 'lakou e malu ai?

Khrushchev ka mai ana mai kipa i kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia huli mai e ia i ka maoli headache no ka mea Soviet malu makai. ua hiki ke hōʻoia i ka maluhia o ka luna luna i aloha'āina i loko o ka Union lakou. Akā, i ka mea e hana i loko o kaʻenemi ka aina e, kahi a kekahi Lane hiki ia i ka weliweli wahi? Lakou i i ike ia, no ka mea,ʻaʻohe pili ka hoao ana.

Kekahi mau hoa o ka Soviet'aheʻelele makemake e noi aku i ka Americans no ia i ka mea, i ka trellis mākaukau i ke kaua 'Amelika koa ma ke ala Khrushchev mai na koa Airfield i loko o ka noho haawi mai.

Kekahi poe kū'ē'ē 'ana no ka mea, keia ana' aʻole e hoʻopau i ka ho'āʻo, ina Western nā loea kālai'āina olelo e pepehi i ka luna o ka USSR. Ma ka hopena ka mea, manao ia ia mea e pono ia mai i pono ai i ka 'ohana ka palekana o ke US manao keʻena ma lalo nei, a me ka manaoio i ka assurances o ko lākou malu kulekele.

Pehea e kiʻi ai i ka 'Amelika?

Ua ua e lele mai kekahi aupuni i kekahi ua noʻonoʻo commonplace, a me kanalima makahiki aku nei,ʻaʻohe mea ma mokulele i loko o ko mākou'āina, a makemake e hiki ke hana me ka refueling holo ana mai o ka US a hiki i ka USSR. A ka mea, ua pono i ka mea i, e hōʻike i ka West i ko kakou aupuni i ka hope 'enehana. No laila, ua hoʻoholo ihola e kiʻi i ka Li-114 mokulele - i ka manawa wale nō ke kükohu mea hiki ia oe ke hana i kekahi nonstop holo o ko mākou'āina i loko o Washington. Ka pilikia mea i ke kükohu ua ole i hoakaka pono ia ho'āʻo, no laila i kekahi ke kumu hoʻomalu i ka maluhia o na kanaka mua o ka moku'āina, koe wale no ka kekahi kanaka - ke akamai Alana Tupolev kŘkohu. He ua hoʻohiki i ka pono o ka mokulele, a me maopopo ana o kana mau olelo? Aaeaaaaony i na lala o ka luina o kana mau keiki Alexei. Ke koho ia i loko o ka lokomaikai o ka Li-114.

No ke aha la Khrushchev like ma luna o ka hele ana?

No ka mea kumu, la oia i Khrushchev ka makaikai ana i ka US? No ke aha lā i ka Soviet alakaʻi like ma luna o ka huakaʻi? I ka mea, Khrushchev ua paulele ma ka pono o ka Socialist'ōnaehana a me ka manaoio aku i ka Mokuna lanakila ma capitalism i loko o ka offing. Kela manawa,? Ac? Moku'āina ao ana, e like me a "ma laila e hele mai communism i loko o kēia hanauna." Palapalaia maluna penei o ka imminent kokoke o "paradaiso" i poho mai ma luna o nā pōhaku a me nā kia hoʻomanaʻo i. Akā, e like me ka manawa, i kēia ao i ole e hele maiʻoiaʻiʻo, a me na palapala a pau holoiia koke i loko o ka eighties o ka hope kenekulia. Naʻe, oiai ka mea, uaʻaʻole iʻike, a me ka Soviet alakaʻi makemake e ike i ka "decadent West" me kona mau maka.

Kakauolelo Nui me he kiu?

Kekahi kamaʻilioʻana i ka manaʻo i Khrushchev ka makaikai ana i ka US i i "kiei aku" no ka hoʻokūkū ana nenoai, like intuitively ia i ike i ka West technologically mamua o mākou hoʻomaka. hoʻokahi haneri pakeneka Hawaiian Europe i ike ia ia, a ma ka makahiki 1956 ua ka uprising ma Hungary e kū'ē i ka Communist? eia. Poe kokua o ka "manaʻo o ka plagiarism" i kekahi manaʻo hoʻopiʻi kū'ē palapala i Khrushchev i ole ka uku hoʻolohe i ka keia hana mea hou i hana muaʻole, a i hoike mai Western nā loea kālai'āina, a ua ho'āʻo i ka "peek" i kekahi mea "malu" no ka mea, ua manaʻo ihola ia i nā mea e hōʻike 'ia Americans ole i ka pakahi hoihoi. No laila, i ko kakou alakaʻi "ilo, i ka malu o ka" hamburger, hotdog, hana pakiko-hana, ke kelepona hele pūnaewele ma ka international airport, a ma ke kaʻaahi ku a me ka palaoa.

A pau keia hele hope, a ma ka Soviet Union. Hamburger a me ka wela ilio no ideological kumu, i Kapa hou i ke ka "puaʻa ma blankets" a "e kua ma ka hoao ana," a ua ike lea ia mākou invented ia i ka Soviet kanaka. A me ka palaoa o mākou alakaʻi hope "aloha", manaʻo i hope i loaʻa i ka El Dorado, i ka malu o ka pomaikai o ka capitalist honua ma luna o ka aina i loko o Iowa. I "ke kulina Moʻolelo" iloko o ka huakaʻi i hana i nā kaʻao i loaʻa Khrushchev allegedly hoʻoholo ma luna o kona hoʻokolohua me kēia moʻomeheu. I mea, e pili ana i nuipa a mahiʻai moho mahi o ka maize ua kamailio mua o ka huakaʻi. Khrushchev iho makemake e kāhea "corncob" a hiki mua o kona koho ana i ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa i nā hana o ke alakaʻi ma ka aina, a ua pinepine lawe likeʻole, i ke kumuhana o ka nuipa a hoike o kēia moʻomeheu. Ke kumu no keia "aloha" a hiki i kēia nō hoʻi i ka mea i loko o 1949 hoola i ka palaoa Ukrainian Soviet Repubalika mai ka ae, "wī" ka wā Khrushchev i loko o ka lāʻau kū o Kakauolelo Nui o ka aoao i loko o ke aupuni. Ma nā wahi o ka USSR no naʻe iā ia i ka pololi ma muli o ka hoʻokō 'ole' kekahi mea kanu a me ka nele ana o ke koe nō. Eia naʻe, Khrushchev ka makaikai ana i ka US i ka 1959 definitively uhukiia ma o kona manaoio ana i kēia moʻomeheu mea i ka manaʻo pono e hoʻolauna i loko o ka USSR. Ma hope, mākou mahiai ua uku aloha nui no ka ho okolohua me kēia nō hoʻi, a me ka Soviet kanaka hoino mai i ke Kakauolelo Nui i loko o ka lumi kuke, ai ka berena munching kahi o ka palaoa. Fair ke i aku nei au i keia la i ka Russian Kuhina o ka Mahiai i aponoia i ka ho okolohua Nikita Khrushchev ma o ka hoike ana o maize i loko o ka hoʻokele waiwai ke aupuni, e like me ka mea maoli i ka hana a pipi a me ka haleʻuwī waiū holoholona. Akā,ʻo kekahi no ke komo maluna ia "ia mea i pono, o ka papa, a pau ma ka aina, e lulu palaoa."

Ka mua hou

Khrushchev ka makaikai ana i ka US i wahi i ka 1959, a ua ukali ma kekahiʻano o curiosities. I kekahi manawa e huli mai i ka Soviet alihi kaua, a ma ka mea ia manawa ho'āʻo ana e ike i na mea huna o ke West, a ma ka mea ia manawa, e hōʻike iā ia i ko lakou moʻomeheu superiority, hahao iho i loko o ka awkward kūlana.

Ma ka hola, IBM o mākou alakaʻi koe indifferent i ka huina hoonui, o kona pau helehelena e hoike ana ia makou, he, nā mea a pau i laila. Keia iloko o ia i ka 1959, ua ka mua i loko o ke ao nei o kamepiula 'ē aʻe ma luna o ka pākali hoʻolele kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka pono a me ka hana e loaʻa ai ka US Air Max ka mea e hiki ai ia e ia a hiki i kakahiaka aʻoaʻo ea pale nenoaiu. Khrushchev mea i pololei ai pīhoihoi lākou eʻike, e like me ka hana hiki ole i ma luna o ka holomua o nā kamepiula 'ē aʻe i mālama' ia i loko o ko mākou'āina, a me ka "corncob" e maopopo i ka hoʻokahuli aupuni HOU no ka mea, o ka nele o ke kula haʻahaʻaa ike i loko o kēia wahi. Ia mea, i kēia hana mea hou i hana muaʻole ua 'ae' IBM, e lilo ke ao nei alakaʻi ma ka 'enehana kamepiula.

Akā, Khrushchev Ua holoʻokoʻa i hele mai kekahi hana mea hou i hana muaʻole - pakiko-hana i loko o ka lumi lumi. O ka holo ana, i ole makemake i ke Kakauolelo Nui, e hōʻike i kona 'ano kähähä, a me ka mau ua kūkākūkāʻia i "i loko o ka USSR maikaʻi." Eia naʻe, he nui ike ia Khrushchev disingenuous.

In Hollywood

Khrushchev ka makaikai ana i ka US i ka 1959, a hāliu aku i kāna ana ma Hollywood. Film poe "iwakalua o ka Luna Fox" hoonohonoho i ka hanohano o ka alihi kaua o ko mākou nani aina awakea no 400 kanaka. Pīhoihoi ua mea i ka mea i kono wale nō kaulana a me kā lākou mau lua halves, e like me ka mea i waeʻia no ka poe e ole i maona.

Hollywood ma ia manawa i hana ino iki mai "kilokilo i hoʻohālua" - i ke kaua e kū'ē i ka propaganda o communism i loko o ka United States, no laila, he nui hookipaiaʻe e hoopuniia ka iini. , Naʻe, kokoke e pau pono-ikeia nā mea hana keaka, alakaʻi, nā loea kālai'āina, playwrights a me kekahi poe e ae i kekahi hapa o ka aina awakea: Bob Houp, Francis Sinatra, Marilyn Monroe, Dzhon Kennedi , a he nui na mea e ae.

Kekahi, e like me Bing Crosby a me Ronald L, me he hoailona o ke keakea e kue i ka Socialist? Eia defiantly hoomalau i ka leo kono maikaʻi. 'Ē aʻe wale makau no lākou hoʻopaʻi, a i ole hele i ka hālāwai, e like me ka ku e ia lakou i mua i loko o ke Komisina o ninau ma un-American eyoey ii. I waena o kēia mau kanaka i nā kaulana playwright Arthur Miller, akā, me kana wahine, Marilyn Monroe i pakahi aku la ia poe ma ka Soviet alakaʻi.

Khrushchev ma ka ho film

Ma hope o ua hoʻoholo ka 'aina awakea hoaai, e hōʻike i ka pana ana o ka ho film "Cancan". Nā organizers Ua ka noonoo e wae i ka pakahi aku la ia piquant apana nahaha wā e hiki mai films. Leo mele holo hula, a hoomaka ae la e haa nui, hoomaikai ua leha kihi. Hope, na nā kānaka moʻolelo i ole e hala ka manawa kūpono, e ninau aku i ka Soviet alakaʻi i ia e manao ana i ka ike weliweli. Kēia 'ano moʻokalaleo Ke ua mākou alakaʻi kapaia "obscene", a oia allegedly i ole koho i ko lakou noonoo ana ma luna o lākou. Naʻe, ka pana ana o nā kānaka moʻolelo i ka mea ku ole.

Ma ka halawai me ka oihana hoao ana i ka hoʻolālā, Khrushchev i ka hoike i kona inaina ma ka mea i ka "hoʻopono mea hana keaka" e "kau no oia i ka lepa" i loko o ka lokomaikaʻiʻia mai "ino lehulehu." A laila mākou luna i ole e hala ka manawa kūpono e kuapo i "ua pono ia" ku okoa ana "mea,ʻaʻole e pono" a me ke "makemake i ka manaʻo o ka 'elele", aʻaʻole "makaala i kou hoki." Eia naʻe, ma keia Soviet alihi kaua ia i ua ole māʻona: hoomaka ae la oia e parody i ka hula mai ka ho film,ʻilikai kona hoki i ka lehulehu. Ma ka liʻiliʻi loa, no laila ka mea i kākauʻia e kekahi o na nā kānaka moʻolelo 'Amelika - Sol Bellou, ka mea i uhi Khrushchev ka makaikai ana i ka' Amelika. Makahiki no ia, ua oiaio Haliʻaaʻela ka manaʻoo mākou, a ua make pinepine manao e pili ana i kēia mau hanana ma ko lakou mau ola.

Khrushchev ka makaikai ana i ka US: halawai me ka uniona kālepa

A maoli poho, no ka luna wale no, i ka halawai ana me ka kalepa hui ka hoʻonohonohoʻia i loko o ka United States. He laila'ōlelo akula ia iā ia,ʻo ia e hālāwai me kona mau allies i loko o ke kaua e kū'ē i ka capitalist honua. O nā kanaka, akā, wale pono inaina "paakiki poe hana" "hoʻokaumahaʻia a me nā enslavers." Akā,ʻo ua hewa: o ka luna o ka mea nui loa kalepa hoao ana Uolter Rayter nema aku i ka pau Socialist'ōnaehana o ka USSR. Khrushchev ho'āʻo e paleʻia aku a lakou i hoopii ai ia ia o "betrayal o ka hana ka papa", akā, i loko o ka maka Reiter la o Nikita Sergeyevich i ka mea, ua ole e kaua ana no ka socialism i loko o ke aupuni, a me ka lawelawe 'ana wale no ka hoʻoikaika' ana i ka hana ke ola.

Ma hope, ia ia i ike Reiter loaa Khrushchev hoʻomaoe hou akulaʻo ia i nā capitalists ke uku 'ia a pau o ka oihana hoao ana alakaʻi i loko o ka United States.

"Make make popoki"

I mau, Khrushchev ka makaikai ana i ka Amerika Huipuia, (ma 1959) i ukali ia e hana lehulehu o ka hoonaukiuki, irony, sarcasm ma ka aoao o ka lehulehu 'Amelika. Ka loa kaʻawaʻawa loa nīnau ua no mākou luna, ka poe e loli ana i ka Hunakalia uprising. Mau ia i ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka "make make popoki",ʻo ka wai mulea a hiki i ka mea i ua lōʻihi kēia mau hanana i loko o ka hala, akā, nā kānaka moʻolelo hoala mai nō keia kumuhana.

lua o ka huakaʻi

Khrushchev ka mua aku a hiki i ka US - ka lā, o ka papa, Haliʻaaʻela ka manaʻoo mākou, akā, ka mea, ua i ka wale alihi kaua o ko mākou holo ana a hiki i ka "ideological poe enemi". Ua makemake mea, ma hope o mākou alakaʻi i waiho wale aku no i loko o ka United States i ka 1959, ia mea olelo lealea, e hele ma laila hou. Eia naʻe, ma ka makahiki 1960, ka mea i oleloia ma ka 15th General Ahaolelo ma ka un ma New York ma ka mea āna i nema aku i ka capitalist? Anoe? I loko o ke Komohana Africa. Ma ia, me kāna'ōlelo hoʻopōmaikaʻi, e hōʻike i ka honua "gruel." Makau Americans unuhi i ka hopuna'ōlelo "mākou, e kanu oe," a me ka Soviet alakaʻi i loko o ka maka o ka Western honua i lawa ponoʻole i ka dictator, makaukau e luku i ke ao nei. Ma hope iho o ia, hoʻokahi hou? Aaoniao launa aku o Khrushchev a hiki i kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia (1961) i ole lawe wahi, a me ka idiom "gruel" Ua hele mai e hoike i ka thermonuclear "Tsar-pōkā pahū" i ka USSR ua hoano e ma hope o ke KUAHAUA nei KA 'AHA' ŌLELO.