Pelelina Wall: i ka moolelo o ka honua nei a me ka luku aku. I ka haule ana o ka Pelelina Wall

Ma kēia 'atikala, ka Pelelina Wall e e noʻonoʻo. Mōʻaukala o ka honua nei a me ka make ana o ka luna 'ma waena o ka Naha Pōhaku mana wehewehe antagonism a me ka mea iʻano o ka "anuanu kaua".

Oe e aʻo i wale na kumu o keia mea nui he nui kilomika, akā, i kiʻi e ike hoihoi 'kūʻiʻo e pili ana i ke ola ana a me ka hina ana o ka "Anati-Fascist kūlana pale pa."

Kelemania, ma hope o ka elua World

Mua ua maopopo nāna i kūkulu ka Pelelina Wall, ia mea e pono ke kamailio e pili ana i ka mea he kulana home 'ole i ia manawa i loko o ka moku'āina.

Ma hope o ka make i loko o ke Kaua Honua II, i noho ma ka eha Hawaii Germany. Kona aoao komohana hapa noho ma ka Beritania poʻe hao wale, kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia a me Farani, a me elima hikina aina e hoʻomalu aku ma ka Soviet Union.

Next mākou e kamailio e pili ana i ke kulana o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka paio hahana maoli iloko o ke pehea "Hawaii War." Nō hoʻi, kūkākūkā ke kumu o ka ulu ana o na Aupuni elua, ma muli o ke komohana a me ka hikina cii o ka ole, hele loa naʻano likeʻole.

GDR

Me mākou, e ike hou, hōʻike i ka mōʻaukala o ka Pelelina Wall ole wale i kekahi wahi o ka hookui ana o ka Socialist bloc, a me ka Western'āina, akā, i ka holo kaawale ana o nā māhele o ka hoʻokahi mana.

Ma Okatoba 1949, i ka Kelemānia aupuni Repubalika i hoʻokumu. Ua Ua hana aneane hapalua o ka makahiki ma hope o ka ho okumu ana o ka FRG.

GDR noho ana i ka ?? eoi? O na aina elima i noho ana ma lalo o Sovietʻoihana. Mau hookomoia Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia, Brandenburg, Saxony, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania.

A laila, i ka mōʻaukala o ka Pelelina Wall, e kahaki ii ke awawa i hiki ke hanaʻia ma waena o nā kaua? Neeo eaaa? Elua. E like me na memoirs o nā wā, West Pelelina ua okoa mai ka hikina like London i ka manawa o Tehran a me Seoul mai Pyongyang.

Germany

Ma May 1949, i ka Pekelala Repubalika o Kelemania, ua hookumuia oia. Pelelina pa he umikumamalua makahiki kaawale ia mai kona hikina hoalauna. I ka manawa, o ka moku'āina ua koke hoihoi hou ia me ke kōkua o nā'āina nona ka poʻe hao wale i hoʻonohoʻia ma luna o kona mokuna.

No laila, huli ae la ka mua i Palani, 'Amelika a me ka Pelekāne hana cii i ka eha makahiki ma hope o ka hōʻike o ka Apana o ke Kaua Honua i Germany. Mai ka pauku ma waena o nā māheleʻelua o Kelemania, i wahi ma Pelelina, ke kapikala o ka moku'āina hou lilo Bonn.

A laila, nae, i ke aupuni ua lilo i ke kumuhana o ka hoopaapaa ma waena o ka Socialist bloc, a me ka capitalist West. I ka makahiki 1952, Iosif Stalin kona makemake nui i ka demilitarization o Kelemania a me kona mahope ola like me ka nawaliwali, akā, he hookahi moku'āina.

US hoowahawaha mai i ka papahana, a me ke kōkua o ke Marshall Plan huli West Kelemania, ma ka mana e hoʻokēʻai-e ulu ana. No ka umikumamalima makahiki, mai 1950, aia no he mana mea hoʻonui, i historiography kapaia "aneiai mana".
Akā, standoff kŰlń ao ma waena o ālai '.

Pelelina hoʻoponopono ulia i ka 1961

Ma ka hanana o ka "thaw" i loko o ka Hawaii Kaua confrontation huli hou. Kekahi kumu i pana ilalo ma kela aoao o ka Soviet Union, he Amelika kiu pelane.

Hoʻopauʻole i ka ia oukou paio ana, i kūpono i ka Pelelina Wall. Makahiki o ke kūkulu o keia kia paakiki a me ka stupidity - 1961 la, akā, ma ka mea ka mea, ua ola no ka lōʻihi manawa, a ina ole i ka mea incarnation.

No laila, Stalin manawa i alakai i ka nui-ka unahiʻole, i na mea kaua lāhui, i ka manawa i papani ai hoi me ka manao lokahi hana mea hou i hana muaʻole o Melia ballistic Kao lele lako kaua.

Ano, i ka wā pōʻino o ke kaua, nukelea superiority ole i loko o ka Naha Pōhaku mana.
Mai ka manawa o ka Korean oukou paio ana, hoʻopilikia kūkulu hou. Peak ikehu kila Pelelina a Cuban Kao lele lako kaua crises. E like me kekahi hapa o ka 'atikala mākou e hoihoi i loko o ka mua kekahi. Eia kekahi ma August 1961, i ka hopena o ka mea, ua i ka hanaia'na o ka Pelelina Wall.

Ma hope o ka Apana World War, e like me mākou i olelo ai mamua, i maheleia i mau Hawaii Germany - capitalist a me ka Socialist. Iloko o ka kūikawā kuko, i ka 1961, Khrushchev ae hooponopono ai i ka E kuai oukou kaiaulu o ka GDR ma Pelelina. Part o ka ia kūlanakauhale, a no i ka Pekelala Repubalika o Hawaii, ua kipa i ka US blockade a me kona allies.

Khrushchev ka ultimatum no West Pelelina. I ka luna o ka Soviet kanaka koi kona demilitarization. Western mau hoa o ka Socialist bloc i olelo hoa pāonioni.

Ke kahua i kekahi mau makahiki ma ka limbo. Khrushchev ka makaikai ana i ka US, he mea, ua i defuse i ke kulana. Naʻe, i ka hana 'ia me ke kiu pelane U-2 i i wiwo ole kea i ka manawa kūpono o ka mama i ka confrontation.

Ka hopena ua kekahi, a me ka hapalua o na umi tausani o nā US poʻe hao wale ma West Pelelina a me ke kukulu ana i ka pa, aku ma ke kūlanakauhale, a hiki ma kela aoao o ka mea, ma ka aoao o ka GDR.

Ka lā o ka kūkulu o ka "Anati-Fascist kūlana pale pa" ua manaoia e e August 13, 1961.

i ka pa

No laila, ma ka palena ma waena o nā Huipū mau mea, ua kūkuluʻia ka Pelelina Wall. Mōʻaukala o ka mea i hanaia a me ka make ana o ke kia paakiki e e noonoo hou ia.

I ka 1961, no ka elua i hohola laumeki uea lā (mai August 13 a hiki i 15), anapu koke pauku mea,ʻaʻole wale nō ke aupuni akā, i kaʻohana a me ka hopena o ka na kanaka. Kēia i ukali ia e ka lōʻihi hale i pau wale i ka 1975.

A pau i kēia lālā ana he iwakalua-ewalu makahiki. Ma ke kahua hope loa (i ka 1989), ka luna 'komo pū i ka pōhaku puna pa e pili ana ekolu a me ka hapalua mika loa a me ka oi ma mua o ka haneri kilomika. Eia hou kekahi, ia ka loaʻa o ke kanaono-kumamaono kilomika metala hei, kilomika oi ma mua o hoʻokahi haneri a me ka iwakalua peʻahi uila pa, a hoʻokahi haneri keuʻelima kilomika o ka auwai.

No hoi, i lako pono i ka manao me ka Anati-pahu pakaua, kihi hale, a me ekolu haneri me nā hale kiaʻi, e like me ka mana hoʻomalu ma holehole mai ai, i mea mau e hoʻomoe ana one.

Penei,ʻo kā mākou lōʻihi o ka Pelelina Wall, e like me ka moʻolelo olelo ua oi aku mamua o hookahi haneri a me kanalima-kumamalima kilomika.

Ua Ua? Aeiino? Kekahi mau manawa. Ka loa nui ka hana i lawe mai i ka 1975. Ua mea noteworthy i ka hakahaka wale, he ma? Aiiia, a ma luna o ka muliwai. Ka mea, pinepine initially hoʻohana i ka loa a me ka ikaika ma kona naʻau,ʻAʻole eʻole nā meaʻeʻe moku "i loko o ka capitalist honua."

E holo i ka mokuna

I ke kakahiaka mua o nā maka i manaʻo i wehe ole ia civilians GDR kapikala Pelelina Wall. Mōʻaukala o ka mea i hanaia a me ka luku ana o keia luna 'maopopo hōʻike i ka maoli ili o ka kaua Hawaii. Miliona o nāʻohana i kaawale i ka pō.

Naʻe, i ke kumu 'ole i i ole hou emigration, mai ka aina mai o East Germany. People ana i ko lakou ala ma o ka muliwai, a i ke olonā wāwae. Maʻawelike (ma mua o ka kukulu ana o ka pa) i kela la, mai ka GDR a hiki i ka FRG hookuke aku no kela kumu, e pili ana i kekahi hapa o ka miliona kanaka. A no ka iwakalua-ewalu makahiki mahope mai o ka hana ana i ka pa ia mea i lawe mai wale holomua 5075 'ino ai e holo.

No keia mea? Aiiioe?, Saps (145 mika lola honua), balloons, a kau aku gliders, ipu i loko o ka palapala o ka hi a me bulldozers, neʻe maila i ke kaula ma waena o nā hale.

An hana hoihoi hiʻona i ka kekahi. People loaa noa ka hoʻonaʻauao ma o ka Socialist hapa o Kelemania, a hoomaka ae la ka hana i loko o Kelemania, no ka mea, ua kiekie ae uku.

Penei, ua ae ka lōʻihi o ka Pelelina Wall opiopio kanaka e malama i Track o kona haalele wahi a me kēia ola. No ka pensioners like ole keʻakeʻa nei i loko o ke kuʻina i ole i? Aiiia.

manawa kūpono i kekahi e hele i ka komohana hapa o ke kulanakauhale, e hana ana me ka German kakaolelo Vogel. Mai 1964 a hiki i 1989, oia pūlima i ka aelike no ka huina o 2,7 ieeeea dala, kuai lilo mai, mai ka GDR aupuni hapaha o ka miliona East kēia kanaka Kelemānia a me ka mau pio.

Ke kaumaha oiaio o ia kanaka imi i ka pakele ole wale hopu, akā, pana aku la ia no hoi. Kauoha aku helu 125 mōhai, unofficially ua mahuahua me ka nui loa o ka helu.

Māmala'ōlelo e hōʻike ana ma US luna

ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hōʻemiʻana i ke kūpono o nā Emotions ma hope o ka hoʻoponopono ulia, a me ka Caribbean 'ōlelo hehena i na mea kaua heihei. Mai ia manawa, kekahi 'Amelika luna hoʻomaka e e hoao mai ana e hea aku i ka Soviet alakaʻi e negotiate, a hele mai i ka hooponopono ana i mau hoahanau.

Ma keia aoao, e ho'āʻo i ka hōʻike i ka poʻe nāna i kūkulu ka Pelelina Wall, kā lākou erratic kolohe. Ka mua o kēia mau olelo i ka olelo ma ka Dzhona Kennedi i loko o June 1963. Ka pelekikena 'Amelika i olelo mai ai ma mua o ka nui-unahiʻole, i halawai kokoke i ka Rathaus Schöneberg.

Mai keia olelo no haʻalele i ka hopuna'ōlelo kaulana: "Owau no - kekahi o na Berliners." Paha ka nānaina unuhi, i keia la 'Amelika comedians pinepine ano o ia e like me ka olelo ana ma ka kuhihewa, "I -. Berliner" I ka mea, na olelo o ka olelo i calibrated a aoia, a me ka'ōlelo hoʻomakeʻaka ua ma muli wale nō ma luna o ka naaupo o na subtleties o Kelemānia mahele i loko o nā'āina.

Pela Dzhon Kennedi ʻia maila kona mau kākoʻo no West Pelelina heluna.
Lua o ka Peresidena, wehe i ka theme like ka heluna o ka hapless kiai lilo Ronald L. A me konaʻike kamepiula hoa paio ua Mikhail Gorbachev.

ʻO Pelelina Wall i ka vestige o ka wa kahiko a me kaʻawaʻawa loa kaua.
L hai aku i ka General Kakauolelo o ka CPSU, i ina ka la mahope e imi liberalization o ka hoahanau a me ka hauʻoli i ka wā e hiki mai no ka Socialist aina, ia mea waiwai, e hele mai i Pelelina, a wehe i ka puka. "E wawahi oukou i kēia pā pōhaku, Mr. Gorbachev!"

Hāʻule Lau o ka pa

Mahope o ka olelo, e like me ka hopena o ka hele ana mai o "perestroika a me glasnost" o ka Socialist bloc'āina hoomaka ae la e haule ana o ka Pelelina Wall. Mōʻaukala o ka mea i hanaia a me ka luku ana o keia puʻukaua ua noʻonoʻo i loko o kēia 'atikala. Mua, ua hoʻomanaʻo mākou i kona kūkuluʻia a me kaʻawaʻawa loa hopena.

Ano, aole makou e kālele ana ma luna o ka hoʻopau o ka kia hoʻomanaʻo i ka stupidity. Once ma ka mana i loko o ka Soviet Union, Gorbachev hele mai, ka Pelelina Wall i lilo i ka mea e hina ai. Mua, i ka 1961, kēia kūlanakauhale,ʻo ia ke kumu o ke kaua ma ke alanui o ka socialism i loko o ka West, akā, e ke kumuʻole ai i ka hoʻoikaika 'ana i o ke aloha ma waena o ka manawa, e kaua ana blocs.

Ka mua aina i ua lukuia kona hapa o ka pa, lilo Hungary. Ma 'Aukake 1989, kokoke i ke kulanakauhale o Sopron, ma ka palena o ka Moku'āina a me Austria, ua he "pa-Europa Hair". Ka na Kuhina o na aina elua hoʻoili i ka liquidation o ka pakaua.

Ke kaʻina mea manawa ole, e hooki aku. Initially, i ke aupuni o ka German aupuni Lepupalika i hōʻole, e kākoʻo i kēia manaʻo. Eia naʻe, i kekahi manawa, ma ka mokuna o Hungary ma Kelemania, i kela kapa o na la ekolu a me kaʻumikumamālima tausani East kēia kanaka Kelemānia, e hooikaika ana ua loa hana wale.

Pelelina Wall ma ka palapala e holo, mai ka akau i ka hema, e holo i ka ia kulanakauhale. Ma ka po o ka iwa o Okatoba 10, 1989 kauoha aku wehe i ka palena ma waena o ke komohana a me ka hikina māhele o ka Kelemānia kulanakauhale alii.

Wall me ka moʻomeheu

No nā makahiki, e hoʻomaka ana mai ka 2010, he mea hoʻomanaʻo eiiieaena "Pelelina Wall" i kūkulu. Ma ka palapala 'ia ai ma kahi o eha aa. he iwakalua-ewalu miliona Euro i ua hoʻopuka kālā e hana i kekahi mea hoomanao.

Ke kia hoʻomanaʻo ninoieo o "Windows iaiyoe" (i loko o ka hanohano o na kēia kanaka Kelemānia, ili nā ana o Kepakailiula i mai puka makani ma luna o ke alanui East Kelemānia Bernauer Strasse, i mea mua i loko o ka Federal Repubalika o Hawaii). Eia hou, i ka luna 'ka loaʻa o ka Chapel o e hoolaulea aku ai.

Akā,ʻaʻole wale nō ia i loko o ka moʻomeheu o ka mea kaulana Pelelina Wall. Photo wehewehe, paha ka mea nui i loko o ka mōʻaukala o graffiti gale ma lalo o ka lani e hamama ana. Inā i ka Hikina, e hooikaika i ka hoʻokokoke ua i hiki, i kaʻaoʻao komohana, a pau hoonaniia mai loa noʻeau Nails o ke alanui Artists.

Eia hou, i ka theme like o "ka dictatorship o ke kahawai" hiki ke Hahai I loko o na mele, ka palapala, ai hana, Film a me kamepiula lealea. No ka laʻana, ka mea naʻau i loko o ka po o ka iwa o ka loko o October 1989 ua hoʻolaʻa i ke mele "Wind o Change" pae i ka moohueloawa, ke ho film "Good aloha, Lenin!" Volfganga Bekkera. A me kekahi o na pepa i loko o ka laua Call o hana: Black Ops Ua hanaia ma ka hoomanao ana i nā hanana ma ka ueo ei? Aiiia "Kehaulani."

kūʻiʻo

Ke kumukuai o ka haule ana o ka Pelelina Wall hiki ole ke overemphasized. Ua ike kēia'ākeʻakeʻa mai o ka totalitarian? eia maopopoʻenemi civilians, nae me ka manawa loa haʻalele i ke kūlana quo.

Interestingly, i loko o nā makahiki kakahiaka o ka loa pinepine defectors ua vostochnonemetskie koa kiai o ka pa. A uaʻaʻole hou, aole hoi e emi - he umikumamakahi tausani kookoo.

No maikai i loko o ka iwakalua-lima o ka lā o kona liquidation i ka Pelelina Wall. Photo hōʻike i ka manao o ka hoʻomālamalama mai luna. Mau hoahanau Bauder i ma nā kākoʻo ana ma, i ua e hana i kekahi ana loloa o ka malamalama aiai malamalama o ka holoʻokoʻa lōʻihi o ka mua paia.

E hoopono ana ma na poo, me ka haule ana o ke kumu, ua māʻona ma luna o ka poʻe e noho ana ma mua o GDR Germany. 'Oiai, ua ka, alahula pele i loko o nāʻaoʻao i loko o nā makahiki kakahiaka. East kēia kanaka Kelemānia kiola i ke keʻena, a hele aku la i ka Germany waiwai a socially hoomalu. A enterprising kanaka o ka Pekelala Repubalika o Kelemania, imi i nike ka GDR, o ka oi aku no ka mea, ua nui o ka haalele hale.

Iloko o ke ola ana o ka Pelelina Wall ma ka hikina mark ia na koina eono manawa e emi ma mua i loko o ke komohana.

Ma kēlā me kēia pahu me ka wikiō hihiu World ma e kue (ÿauhau ka Edition) e moe ana i ka apana o ka pā me ka palapala o ke authenticity.

No laila, i loko o kēia 'atikala i ike lea mākou me ka hoike ana o ka waiwai, ka manaʻo politika a me ideological māhele o ke ao nei i loko o ka lua o ka hapalua o ka iwakalua kenekulia.

Pōmaikaʻi iāʻoe, aloha heluhelu!