Haku mele o Pushkin ka p ÷ ai: i ka inoa, ka hana

1810-1830-ies. noʻonoʻo i ka Golden Age o Lūkini poetry, a ua loaʻa nui noʻeau pomaikai nui i loko o ka pilialoha ka'āina. Kēia manawa hiki ke maluhia kapa o ka hoʻomaka 'ana o ka makakū waiwai nui o ka aina moʻokalaleo. Ke kikowaena huahelu o ka poetic kaʻina hana i loko o ka 1st hapakolu o ka 19th kenekulia ua Pushkin. I ka mua he kanakolu makahiki, a ua kapaia ka Pushkin au. Around haku mele Hoʻohui 'he nui na mea kākau, oiai kekahi i koe i loko o ka lakou mau hana iho o ka intonation a me ke kākauʻana, oiai kekahi poe hoʻi me Aleksandru Sergeevichu, a hana i ka ai-kapaia Pushkin ka pōʻai o ka haku mele.

Ke generality o ka palapala, ai 'au kahiko

Kekahi olelo 'ē aʻe haku mele i ole nei i ia manawa. Haku mele o Pushkin ka hoa kanaka, he papa i nā inoa e like me Vyazemsky Baratynsky, 'ōlelo, Delvig he kiʻiona a me kanaka, a me kona mau hanana leo. Ka mea, e, i kekahi aoao a me kekahi, i loko o kona hana kipaku ia e na poem a Pushkin, akā, mai lawe i pili i ka mea i subordinate kulana, i kekahi manawa, ua kūkākūkāʻia a kū'ē'ē 'oe me ia, a ma na manawa Akä naÿe no kona hoomaopopo ana iho o na pilikia a me ke ano o ka poetry. Ka hapanui ka mea, ua auaneʻiʻoukou'ōlelo a me ka Baratynsky. Kēlā haku mele, ka hookokoke ana Aleksandru Sergeevichu, ho'āʻo i ka mea ia manawa hookoe i ko lakou makakū kuokoa, mai ona aku.

He aha, alaila, o ke kaiāulu o nā haku mele? I loko nō lākou okoa lyrical a lima,'ālike ike ma ka honua-heluia, a me ka honua nānaina ua i nā haku mele o Pushkin ka p ÷ ai. Message ma luna o ke kumuhana, ma ke ala, e pinepine noi e hoʻomākaukau i nā haumāna ma ka moʻokalaleo papa, no laila, ke 'atikala e e kōkua maikaʻi i nā mākua, e kōkua kā lākou mau keiki me ka haʻawina. No laila, na haku mele a pau Pushkin Wiliau Hōkū i manaoio ia poetry - ka no o ke aloha, e lawe ana i aloha i loko o ke kanaka uhane. Ma minute o ke kaumaha a me ke kaumaha kanaka e huli i ka poetry, a loaʻa ka mea e malu ai. Harmony o Pushkin ka hoa kanaka no ia mea, ua manaoia he ano o ideals a me nā loina o ka oihana o ke ao nei, a me ka poetry - ke kahu o keia maikaʻi.

Denis Davydov

'O kēia kekahi o ka loa i ka manawaleʻa iā haku mele,ʻikeʻia i loko o ka 1810-1830-ies., Ua ka mua poetic maka. Hussar Denis Davydov - predpushkinskogo hanauna haku mele, invented he Approach wiwo paakiki koa, a ma ka mea ia manawa, i pākī iho Māhū revelers. Ke Lūkini kaua Lyrics i kekahi alo, Davydov mai la i kana hana i ka hou hua'ōlelo. He invented hihia, mikiʻala biting paukū ke hoʻoholo 'ia i ka pinepine pahi aphorism. Ka loa kaulana puke i haku ai o ka haku mele i nā kēia: "(essay) ma luna o ke ola Denisa Vasilevicha Davydova," kākau i loko o ka 'ano moʻokalaleo Ke o autobiographical Ana Aina, a me ka waiwai o factual mea memoirs.

Pushkin hoʻokomo akula i ka mea, a hiki mai Davydov aʻo, ho'āʻo e mamuli o ia "i hilo o ka pauku." Eia naʻe, i loko o ka makemake ola Alexander i komo ai i ea paha, a noho ia iho,ʻaʻole e hiki ke olelo mai no Denis Vasilievich, ka mea i loko o ke ola lilo e ho'āʻo i ke kiʻi o ka pākī hussar a merged haku mele me ia.

Konstantin Batyushkov

Haku mele o Pushkin ka hoa kanaka, poem i i kākau i loko o ka 'ano moʻokalaleo Ke o romanticism, oiaio ma ka makakū kaʻina hana hoʻomōhala ma na hana o ka Lūkini kākau moʻolelo. Ma hope o nā mea a pau Batiushkov i kapaia kekahi o na paionia 'o ka Romantic neʻeʻana i loko o moʻokalaleo. Kona makakū hoʻoilina ninoieo a poem, palapala a me Ana Aina, 'atikala. Konstantin Batyushkov komo i ka mōʻaukala o Lūkini moʻokalaleo kuhikuhi me kekahi 'elele o ka "malamalama pauku", e no, a Davidov, a me Bogdanovic, a me Pushkin. Kēia nā mea kū aʻe hoʻi a hiki i ka mooolelo o anacreontic kaila ka wā i loko o ke kumu holoholomoku Himeni ae o ka olioli o ke aloha, aloha, loko ku okoa ana a me ke ola i loko o mau.

Peter Vyazemsky

Ka haku mele i iho i kekahi haku mele o ko mākou manawa, akā, inā i kakahiaka nui 'oihana, oia ua ma ka like ana me na manawa i loko o ka mea ana i noho ai, ma hope o 1837 reinterpreted aku o ka lanakila a me ka ike ana i kaʻaoʻao io o ka mea, ua lilo ka kūmau, e lawe i ka hala. Iho naue like Vyazemskijʻia e like me ka pōʻino o ke kanaka ka mea makemake ole a me ka mea e hiki ke noho me ka e like me ia mau kumu i poe ano o kona kenekulia.

Like nā haku mele o Pushkin ka hoa kanaka,ʻo ia loaʻa kona poetic similarity o ka moʻomeheu a me ka moʻomeheu o Alexander. Elua o ka haku mele, he mau loa kokoke loa, a hiki Vyazemsky Pushkin hoʻolaʻa hana. Ka mea, ua o na hooilina o ka mea 18th kenekulia, wa kamalii imbibed he aloha o ka pono a me ka mālamalama. I kana hana Denis Vyazemskij gravitated i kahiko poetic pepa: ka melancholic elegies, ku okoa ana-puni ode, manao lapuwale, nane, didactics a me satire.

Anton Delvig

Like kekahi haku mele'ē aʻe o Pushkin ka pōʻai, ka haku mele Aleksandrom Sergeevichem i mau hoaaloha pū i loko o kona wa opiopio. Lakou halawai ana ma ke kula kiʻekiʻe, a me ke aloha me Pushkin hoakaka hou ka aesthetic a me ka palapala, ai 'wahi Delvig. Ma kana mau hana,ʻo ia iā i ke kiʻi o ka haku mele, e like me "he opiopio sloth", ua aahuia i ka Classic Awaits Huli i. Anton Delvig stylized kahiko Helene a me Roma poetry nui like 'ole a me nā kinona, a ma kona mau Lyrics recreated conditional kahiko honua, kahi o ka maikai a me ka lokahi noho aliʻiʻana. Kona sketches o ka haku mele i loko o ka 'ano moʻokalaleo Ke o anthological poem a me idylls.

Nikolay Yazykov

Keʻike hoʻokumu o ka haku mele ma ke kamaʻilio a me ka maʻiʻo i kona mau lā okoa. Ma ka 'ōlelo o ka moʻokalaleo me he haku mele, a kipa aku la i ka haumāna i ka mea i hana i kekahi ano o ka manaʻo maikaʻi. Kana mau hana haawi i ka hopena o ka mea ala immaturity, infantilism. Haku mele o Pushkin ka kaiapili ike Nikolaya Yazykova pehea nei ke keiki i hiki ole ke hoʻolimalima hale risky ia paena a me ka naʻaupō. Haliu ae la ia i ka hoa kaikaina, Pushkin nei: "Peheaʻoʻoe, a pehea i oe shalish mil" Languages kaena ana i loko o ka iho nā papaha a me nā mea hiki, no laila, i loko o kona olelo no laila, ma kona ano maoli exclamatory intonation, hōʻuluʻulu mau olelo, a me ka leo kāhea aku a ke.

ma ka hopena

O ka papa, i ka pauku mākou i ole i helu i nā haku mele o Pushkin ka p ÷ ai. Kēia Wiliau Hōkū mea nui, a me ka hou ana i ka poe e pili ana i ka poe ia i olelo mai ma luna, nā Zhukovsky Kuchelbecker, Krylov a me na mea e ae. Poetic hopena haku mele o ka poe i hana i ka mea ia manawa like Aleksandrom Sergeevichem, Hawaiʻi okoa. Kekahi i ai i ka palapala, ai 'Arena a hiki mua ka mea, (no ka laʻana, Denis Davydov) a no Turtle ulu kū kaʻawale o ka "lā o Lūkini poetry", a wale laila, hui i kona hoa kanaka. Akā, na haku mele a pau o Pushkin ka kaiapili - mua a me nā wā - i hui pu ia e kekahi mea: ka mea i hana mai i kā lākou mau hana i loko o ka au i mea i paʻa ma lalo o ka hoailona o Pushkin.