He aha ka Chernobyl "Doug"? hōʻikeʻano

He aha ka Chernobyl "Doug?" Pehea 'aʻole ia hana? Mau a me nā nīnau e e kūkākūkā i ka pauku. Megapolis Chernobyl-2 ua aia ma ka akau-komohana o ke kaona liʻiliʻi o Chornobyl Polissya, akā, ma luna o kekahi topographical palapala'āina ole. Ke kālailai i ka palapala, e hiki ke 'imi i ka wahi o ke kulanakauhale dotted laina o ka nahele'ūlili a me na hoailona papa no nā keiki, akā,ʻaʻohe olua i oaoieei-a hoʻokiwikā hale. Ma ka Soviet Union, ua hiki ke hūnā i kekahi hui malu mākou, o ka oi aku ina mea i ke kaua.

Duga

Where ua Chernobyl "Doug?" Wale mai ka Chernobyl ulia, a me ka'opi o ka Soviet kanaka aʻo e pili ana i ke alo o ka oihana koa (kaona liʻiliʻi) i loko o ka nahele o Polesie, a e imi i "liuliu,ʻimi loa i ka lewa." Ma ka hope kenekulia i loko o nā seventies mākou i hana mai i nā hana koa Radar nenoai me i ka mea, ua hiki e kiai i ka Launch o ka Melia Kao lele lako kaua me kaʻenemi'āina hiki. Ua Ua invented i ka inoa Radar moana lipolipo Radar noaioee (Duga).

Chernobyl "piʻo" i, alahula ka nui o ka loaa antennas a me nā kia, koi nunui Manpower me ke koe - ma kahi o 1,000 koa laweia ma luna o kēia paenaʻeleu. kaona liʻiliʻi Ua hanaia no na koa a me ko lakou mau ohana, a me wale alanui, haawiia i like "alanui Kurchatov".

I ka olelo hooholo, e hana moana lipolipo Radar'ōnaehana "Doug ka helu 1" (kokoke i ke kulanakauhale o Chernobyl) i aponoia ma ka muli o ke aupuni olelo hooholo mai ka makahiki 1972, January 18, 1975 a me April 14.

Mua i loko o 1976 ka mea, ua ka loa nui Radar pa alima lele Duga Chernobyl-2. Alakaʻi akamai Duga ma Chernobyl-2 ua lōʻihi-huahelu Radio Sri (NIIDAR). I ka papa kuhikuhiE hoʻoulu manaʻo a me ka manaʻo akamai Duga ua Kuz'minskii Manuela.

hoʻokolohua

Ka mua ho'āʻo ma o ka Chernobyl "Dougie" The State Komisina Ua i loko o 1979. Mau loea, uaʻike i ka wā hoʻomākaukauʻia ai ka hōʻike, ua e hoʻoponopono i ka helu o ka mea i waho ma muli o ia ka hoʻokomo 'ia' ana o ihola ia me nā hana, hou, kākou 'ka hoao ana i loko o global kālā oaoieei-pilikia.

I loko o nā ho'āʻo ma i 'akomi i OOOXO o ka lawe rockets a me ballistic Kao lele lako kaua, mai ka hikina US Kao lele lako kaua paena, nānā' ia ai i ka adequacy o na modules ma luna o ke kumu o ka loaʻaʻana o ka hui pu OOOXO o Melia 'Amelika Kao lele lako kaua.

I ka Ia manawa i hōʻike 'ka manao flaws, a komo i ka nele o ka mea e like ai ka loaʻaʻana o ka hookahi pale kaua a me nā waeʻano uuku o ka hana. High-e like ai Duga ha awina i loaʻa wale nō i loko o wahi, i hiki o ka ikaika a kui mai o kaʻenemi Melia Kao lele lako kaua hiki.

E like me ka olelo hooholo o ka mana o ka 1982, ma ka May 30, hoʻowahāwahā i kekahi iaea ooieoeiiaeuiiai IIeEeAIEUAA, ka mea, ua maliuʻia i loko o ka hoʻokolokolo 'ulu i loko o 1982. Ka Chernobyl Duga.

Ma kēia wā, ua hookoia na kanaka haku o ka luna 'Mana - Danilov B. M., Vasenev VN Krokunov Yu M., Dubrovskiy N. F., a me na mea e ae..

pilikia

Chernobyl "Doug" - ka mea, 'o ka mea kupaianaha wahi uku paha. Pu me ia i kūkuluʻia elua hou na pono a pau o loko o nā kūlanakauhale o Komsomolsk-ma-Amur a me Nikolaev. Me ka hoʻomaka 'ana o ka hana ana i nā mea hoʻonoho he mau pilikia. Ua huli mai i kekahi o ka pae'ōnaehana nä alapine o ka Radar mea i hui me ka'auwaʻa lawaiʻa o na manao a me na Kanawai maunakea o na mana Europa. USSR ua officious lapaʻau mai ka palena aina i ka palapala koho loli i ka maluhia o ka lewa'auwaʻa, a me ka moku poe.

USSR hele aku eʻae like hoʻokuʻu ma kahai a me ka hoʻohana 'papani iho la i ke hoʻohana nä alapine. Nā kānakaʻenehana hana i manao e hoʻopau i nā keakea o Radar hope. Poʻe akamai a me nā kānakaʻepekema Wehewehe i nā hāʻina ia, a ma ka makahiki 1985, ma hope o ka upgrade, hoomaka ae la ka mokuna i ka kekahi, Gospriomku.

ke piʻoloke

He nui nā kanaka noi: Chernobyl "Doug" - He aha ka hope o keia mea i manao ai? Ma hope o ka makahiki 1986 Chernobyl ulia i loaʻa, Duga wehe 'ia mai ka hakakā kiaʻi a me ka lako a mothballed. Sīwila a me koa poe noho i evacuated mai ka wahi ua hoʻohaumiaʻia me ka pāhawewe.

A lohe ke koa, a me ka Soviet alakaʻiʻike ihola i ka pālākiō o ka? Aneie poino, ka mea i hoʻoholo (i ka 1987), e wehe waiwai lako a pan, a nenoai ma ka metropolis o Komsomolsk-ma-Amur.

No ka laʻana, he pohihihi keia hale e kaumaha ana i ka lewa ka pale kaua o ka Soviet aupuni i oki ae i ka hana, a me na metropolis a me kona aeuiiai ieaia? Ua, ua hoʻopoina a haalele.

hoʻopaʻi wahi

Chernobyl "Doug" - He aha ka mea maoli? "Doug" (5N32) - Soviet-moana lipolipo Radar ku no ka hana o ke kakahiaka nui ka loaʻaʻana o ballistic Melia Kao lele lako kaua, nā mea i'ōlelo mai ma luna. Aia nō ma ka liʻiliʻi loa ekolu ia wahi:

• Hoʻokolohua eiiieaena "piʻo-N" Nikolaeva ma kahi o 47 ° 02'28 "p. W. 32 ° 11'57 "ka. d. HG NW papahana alii akamai F. A. Kuzminskim. Ua Ua dismantled i ka 2000.
• Ka Chernobyl ciia "piʻo № 1" (kikoo Chernobyl-2) 51 ° 18'19 "p. W. 30 ° 03 "57" a hiki i. HG NW d. A me 51 ° 38 '15 ", p. W. 30 ° 42'10 "i. d. HG NW. Ma hope iho o ka modernization o ka moku'āina ho'āʻo ma wa (1985-1986 makahiki). I ka makahiki 1986, 26 April, papani iho la i aie i ka Chernobyl ulia. Part o ka ipu i kaʻi aku i loko o Komsomolsk-ma-Amur, mea i olelo mai ma luna.
• Ma ke kauhale o Big Cartel, kokoke Komsomolsk-ma-Amur 50 ° 53'34 "me. W. 136 ° 50'12 "ka. HG NW d. A me 50 ° 23'07 "p. W. 137 ° 19'41 "ka. D NW HG -. wale manao no ka maika i? eaia. Pū i hiki kumu i kau a puni ke hoopau iho nei Lian-2. I holoiʻia mai ka hakakā kiai i ka 1989, ma ka November 14 ma muli o ka loli i loko o ka huliau. I kēia lā wāwahi.

mea i manao ai

Ma ka Hawaii photo Chernobyl "Doug" kiai magnificently. Ka mea, ua loa malu mea i na 1980s, ka hoʻokoloʻana o ka kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻena mea ma ka mamao o 900 a hiki i 3000 ei i loko o ka circumpolar māhele 'āina. Me ke kōkua o ke okioki-maka a me ka ikaika i ka manawa o ka Radar, ke koa i huli mai, ma ka literal ano o ka olelo, e nana ma kela aoao o ka moana lipolipo.

No ka mea, o keia mau ano, keia luna i ka inoa o "Duga 1". Ua Ua hanaia e ka poe akamai a me ka haku polokalamu: Pin Yefim Kuz'minskii Manuela Etera Shustov, V. Shamshin V. Vasiukov.

'ole

E hoolaulea, nani hana hoihoi 'e noiʻi i ka hōʻike o ka Chernobyl "Dougie." Her Radar hoʻohana ma o ka alapine huahelu 5-28 MHz.

Ma ke kūlike loa geometrical kiko'î o Duga pilikia i ka olelo. Information akea i loaʻa moʻokalaleo illogical a me ka malama o hiki mai ka nānaina. Antennas i i ma luna o ka loina hooponopono oʻelua kū'ē kukuna. No ka mea, e like me he ākea alapine (frequency) koa, hoʻokahi kukuna i ole ano, ua māheleʻia ka buke holoʻokoʻa i loko o nā māhele, a me kukuna ikehu lā i loaʻa elua:

• High-alapine (frequency) kukuna Chernobyl "piʻo" i ka lōʻihi o ka 250 m + a me 100 ka m ma ka kiʻekiʻe. Ma ka palapala o kona lōʻihi, he 230 m.
• Low-alapine (frequency) kukuna :. kiʻekiʻe o nā kia, 135 a hiki i 150 m, i ka lōʻihi - mai ka 300 a hiki i 500 m + ka ai maps kona lōʻihi, he 460 m.

Me kēia mau mea kiko'î a, o ka manao i hiki mai aneane anywhere i loko o ka Chernobyl loa wahi. Near wahi i ku ai i ke aupuni 'obliquely ionospheric-hoʻi "Circle," a mea he kākoʻo no Duga, a no ka hoʻomakaʻia i kaʻikena ikepili ma o ka hooholo ia ana o Radio ale, hiki ke neʻe i waena o lākou, i ke alapine (frequency) koho e pono ai me ka unahiʻole.

Chernobyl "piʻo" Radar wale manao e loaa no lepa. Ka hoʻoleleʻana oaio i kahi kokoke i ke kulanakauhale o Rassudovo 60 ei mai Chernobyl-2 kokoke i ke kulanakauhale Ljubech (Chernihiv māhele 'āina). Pū i hiki antennas mea hoi i ma luna o ka loina hooponopono oʻelua e kū'ē kukuna a me ka i liʻiliʻi Ana: lākou kiʻekiʻe ua like i 85 m + B / h, e like me E. Shevchenko, ka mea, i mea hoʻoheheʻe i ka 1988 makahiki ..

Piha panina o Chernobyl-2 aeuiiai ieaia? Metropolis lawe ia i koke mai: i ka hana i kaulia ana a hiki i 1987. Akā, ia koke ihola ia i loko o nā kūlana o ka mokuāhana ma ia mea hiki ole ke hana i ka ciia. Ua dismantled Duga walaʻauʻana huahelu, a wehe.

hana hoihoi 'kūʻiʻo

Ke kiekie o ka Chernobyl "Dougie" luku ana kela a me keia. Ma keia mea i ka ho film ka Russian Woodpecker Ua Film i ka 2015, i mea no ka mea e pono ai haole Documentary ho film ahaaina "Sundance" Ua hookoia ke Kiure Nui.

No ka typical kani i loko o Etera (hua mai la i ka wā i ke kikeke ana), "Doug," hoomaka ae la e kahea aku Russian Woodpecker ( "Lūkini Woodpecker").

"Lūkini Woodpecker"

No laila, e ua ike i ke kiekie o ka Chernobyl "Dougie" ua alahula mau. First electromagnetic a broadcasts o keia mea i lilo ai i loko o ka makahiki 1976, ka 4th o Iulai. Ka mea, infringe ma luna o ka Honua ma ka Radio huahelu o 3 i 30 MHz. Lāʻau ikiʻai wale haawi maʻanuʻu o kekahi-hapaumi o ka lua. Ua lawe mai Neaiae kakau ole wale kūikawā lako a pan i loheʻo ia i loko o ka alodio pākali hoʻolele like me ka vibrating kikeke ana.

Ma na aina a puni ka honua ma luna o ka "Lūkini Woodpecker" ua mai la ia i na tausani o ka hoopii, mai ano o aeoaeuneiai Radio 'ana, a me ka poʻe. Mai ka "piʻo" kikeke ana ma nä alapine e noho ana ma lalo o ka malu o ka hoʻonohonoho 'aelike ai no ka sīwila hokii, ka US Aupuni, Canada a me ka UK i hai aku i ka Soviet Union loa. Akā, me ka Soviet Union i oleʻaeʻo ia, "Woodpecker" ola.

World Hui o ka Radio amateurs hiki ho'āʻo e uhi i ka "Lūkini Woodpecker" ma ka ho'āʻo e hōʻike huinahń spike in i loko o ka e ku pono ana i ka ua alapine (frequency) i e ka hindrance woodpecker pākali hoʻolele USSR. Akā, i kēia ho'āʻo ua ole holomua.

Ma ka manawa o ka "Lūkini Woodpecker" kanaka i hoomaka ai e hana i kekahi mau nā mea mahuʻi. No laila, ua manao oia kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻe luna aupuni manao hoʻoholo kumumanaʻo. Kekahi o ka poe akamai o ke Kuhina o Pale Kaua mai la oia i ka peahi ana mai "Lūkini woodpecker" o ke kumu loa mana o ka electromagnetic a pāhawewe i ua mau loa i hana ia e ke kanaka. He hoʻike i keia kumu o ka psychoactive, no ka mea, he 40 miliona watts a me 10 lāʻau ikiʻai wale no kekona. He mahalo i ka mea i ua hawewe hou keia ikehu mai ka Soviet Union, a permeates mea a pau i loko o ka United States. Shtatovskih Federal Hoʻokaʻa 'Komisina ana lawe mai i ka 1988, a, ma ka hopena, loaʻa ka maoli manao o ka' piʻo '.

like

Other hiki 'ole o ka hana "Lūkini woodpecker" ma loli i loko o ka ino i disastrous' ole ma o ka ike paka i o na nā paʻi hua 'Imi? Anoee Western manao keʻena ma lalo nei, seriously ke kālailai i ka "piʻo" i ho'āʻo mea kaua USSR. Ua maikaʻi hoʻokumu mau hypotheses, e like me ka ua mua, ua ua kālailai ma ka likeʻole ma o ka ikaika ole o magnetoelectric pāhawewe no na makahiki.

No ka laʻana, he nä känaka 'epekema Tesla i loko o ke kakahiaka kenekulia ho okolohua wirelessly hoʻouna uila, ma muli o ia i ka mana lako i Nyos a me nā haneri o ke ahi nahele i hana ma muli o ia ka thunderstorm. Ma "Spekyula" Magazine anamanaʻoʻikepili i ua paʻi i loaʻa i kekahi mau alapine (frequency) magneto mau lepa a hiki e pū i hiki ma ka honua.

Penetrating i loko o kona ili i ka huina o ka 30 degere, ka mea, ua hohonu i loko o ka honua palapala ku hawewe i i hana ia me ka ale kinoea e ka ula-wela kāna mau 'ōlelo o ka Honua. No ka mea, o keia i ikea ka lewa ai ka makani ino, a me na olai.

E like me ka hoike, ua hoʻokumu 'ia ka Norwegians he mana Radio noaioee, magnetoelectric pāhawewe a hiki haawi ala i ka ionosphere nonlinearʻike manaʻo e alalai mai i ka maʻamau hana o na aka wahi "Dougie."

Kekahi wahi o ka noiʻi i Ua i ka mea o ka EYI lepa i aloha ia na kanaka psyche.

nuances

Ieoaeunoai o ke koa ma ka Chernobyl nukelea mana kanu wehewehe i kona kilakila ikehu maʻiʻo. Ikepili mai ka "Chernobyl-2" mau aku la i loko o ke kauoha noaioee, oiai ma ka hakakā dute piha-fledged mea mau loa e noho: Doorman ku mai a hana a puni i ka uaki. Me mākaukau a me ka noiʻi.

Ma ka paena ma ke kakahiaka nui 1990s ke ahi i hiki mai ai, no ka mea, o ka mea i ka waihona ipu oki kona hana i loko o ka kakahiaka aʻoaʻo nenoaiu.

Ka mua ho'āʻo hopena o ka Chernobyl ku ma ke ala e hiki aku ana i ka lāʻau ikiʻai wale-akau? Ooia i lanakila. Aie i ke alo o ka Polar papale, kono ionospheric ka haunaele a me nā adverse kūpono ma Polar a Polar wahi o ka pahiki o kaʻimiʻana Kao lele lako kaua OOOXO ua uuku loa. Ma keia e pili ana, i ka'āina "Ljubech-1" E hoʻi i ka rework. Ma ka mea i lawe mai i ka ai-kapa i palu, "Polar" polokalamu. Developers i ua kūkākūkāʻia i ka hoopau ana i ke hana i nā hualoaʻa, ua maikaʻi.

Ma ke ala, Me ka hoao ana i 1S31G cipher. Kekahi polokalamu kamepiula, K-340A no aaioee ka hōʻailona hua mai la me ka discrete eiiiiiaiou. EYI lako a manaoia no ka mīkini-hale kanu ma Dnipropetrovsk, a oia no 26 Radio wahi, o ka nui o kela a me keia o ka a ua he-yoa? Iiai mau hale.

ho film

Mākou i mua i haiia ae maluna mea i hanaʻia e pili ana i Chernobyl "Doug" Kauka. ho film. Sensational Auana "Lūkini Woodpecker" ua hoolilo i ka hoʻokolokolo 'ana i kekahi koho ana o ka Chernobyl ulia, i mai ai i loko o ka makahiki 1986, ma 26 April. Kona kau wela a mea he Amelika Chad Gracia. Ke protagonist o ka pena artist Fedor Aleksandrovich, ke kālailai i ka Soviet totalitarian'ōnaehana, proves i keia ulia i ole accidental.

Maikaʻi kēia 'ike i loko o ka ho film ka hailona - pono, kekahi o na interviewees mai nei ia e hoʻoponopono ai i ka Chernobyl ulia hiki kekahi kanaka, mai ke koʻokoʻo ōlaʻi i o naʻano likeʻole.