He aha ka ka relativistic loa?

Panina ke kālaikūlohea mea o ka manao ana a pau Aliʻi kilo, nānā 'ole o ka wahi, e kiʻi i ka ia i nā hualoaʻa i loko o kā lākou mau ana o ka manawa a me ka lōʻihi. I ka rula o ka relativity hākālia nō ia o nā Aliʻi kilo ke kiʻi okoa hualoaʻa, ua kapaia ia ei ka "relativistic loa". I ka wa e nee mai ana i ka mämä holo o ka malamalama Newtonian ke kālaikūlohea u ia.

ka mämä holo o ka malamalama

Nä känaka 'epekema A. Michelson mālama' ia ma ka makahiki 1881 ana i ka mämä holo o ka malamalama, aʻu i ike ia mau hualoaʻa e ole hilinaʻi ma ka mämä holo me ka i kolo ana i ka pāhawewe kumu. Together me EV Michelson Morley hoʻokolohua i ka makahiki 1887 i mālama 'ia kekahi hoʻokolohua, ma hope a ma ka honua ua maopopo:ʻaʻohe mea i loko i ka ao ao o ka ana o ka mämä holo o ka malamalama o na wahi, a mau loa i ka ia. Nā hopena o kēia mau haʻawina a pau i kue i ka manaʻo o ke kālaikūlohea i ka manawa, no ka mea, ina o ka malamalama holo ÿana i loko o ka ua papa (lewa), a me ka Honua ua neʻe maila i loko o ka ia meakino, ana ma kekahiʻaoʻao hiki ole ia i ka ia.

Hope, ka Palani mathematician, physicist a me ka astronomer Jules Anri Puankare i kekahi o na Mamua o ka pähola 'ana o relativity. He nui ka Lorentz kumumanaʻo e like me a? Ueony ia Etera wahi, no laila, i ka mämä holo o ka malamalama pili no ia mea,ʻaʻole e kaukaʻi ma ke kumu kōmi. Ua neʻe maila nā mōlina lawe Lorentz hou, aole i mua o Galilaia (Galileo hou 'hookama no laila, a hiki i ka Newtonian mechanics). Keia wa aku Galilaia paha ia huli ana lilo i kūikawā hihia o ka Lorentz loli, ke hoʻololi i ka 'ē aʻe inertial maopopo kahi'ōnaehana me ka mea uuku (hoʻohālikelike i ka mämä holo o ka malamalama) māmā.

Ke abolition o ka Etera

Relativistic hopena o ka hoemi i ka lōʻihi, i kapaia o Lorentz contraction, o ia no he kilo i nā mea hele a pili iā ia, e loaʻa he uuku loa.

A nui na makana i ka kumumanaʻo o ka relativity Albert Eynshteyn hoʻolauna. He loa hoopau ia ia i kekahi manawa e like me "Etera", mai a hiki i keia manawa prisutstvavshy ma ka hoopaapaa ana a me ka helu o nā physicists, a me ka manaÿo a pau e pili ana i ka waiwai o ka makahiki a me ka manawa,ʻo ia 'oni iki i na kinematics.

Ma hope o ka hana ana i loko o ka malamalama o Einstein, Poincare ole wale papani iho la i kākau 'epekema na pepa ma luna o ke kumuhana, akā, i ole e hōʻike' ia i ka inoa o kona nā hoapili i loko o kekahi o kana mau hana, ke ole ka mea wale hihia o ka pili a hiki i ka kumumanaʻo o ka photoelectric hopena. Poincare hana mau, e kūkākūkā i nā waiwai o ka Etera, categorically e hoole ana i kekahi puke o Einstein,ʻoiai i loko o keia hihia a hiki i ke nä känaka 'epekema loa nui, ia ia me ka mahalo, a me ka i haawi mai ia ia i ka maikaʻi loa hiʻona, i ka wa o ka hooponopono ana o ka Higher Polytechnic School makemake, e kono aku ia Einstein ma Zurich, e lilo i Kumu ma ke kula.

pähola 'o ka relativity

O na mea he nui o ka poe e noho loa ma paʻewa me ke kālaikūlohea a me ka makemakika, ma ka liʻiliʻi loa i loko o mau hua'ōlelo, ka mea i ka kumumanaʻo o ka relativity, no ka mea, mea paha ke kaulana loa o ka iao? Theories. Ua postulates wäwahi ano o notions o ka manawa a me ka makahiki, a me naʻe aʻo i nā haumāna a pau i ka kumumanaʻo o ka relativity, akā, e ike ia i loko o kona olelo e lilo nei i lawa like i ka ike i ka haʻilula.

manawa dilation hookoia ua ho'āʻo i ka hoʻokolohua, a supersonic mokulele. Pololei'ātoma uaki ma luna o ka moku, ma hope o kona hoʻi 'hoomaka ae la e lag no ka mahae lua. Inā he mea mau kilo kamaʻilio, kekahi o i mea wahi, a me ka 'ē aʻe e neʻe aku i ka kekahi wikiwiki pili i ka mea mua, oiai ke kilo i mea wahi, e hele wikiwiki, a me ka mea e hele, e mau i ka iki hou koke. Naʻe, ina o ka neʻeʻana kilo, e olelo, e hele hoʻi a kikoo i ka manawa, e huli mai i kona wati hōʻike i ka uuku uuku ma mua o ka mea mua. Ia mea, me he mea oi aku ka mamao ma ka pālākiō o ka makahiki,ʻo ia "o ka" emi manawa, oiai e neʻe.

Relativistic 'ole i loko o ke ola

He nui nā manaʻo mea e malama relativistic 'ole wale i ka wa a ka mämä holo o ka malamalama, a me ke hoʻokokoke iā ia, a no ia mea, akā, e hiki kiai ia,ʻaʻole e wawahi i kou spaceship. Ma ka 'aoʻao o ka' epekema puke pai Pūʻulu Review palapala hiki ke heluhelu i kaʻimi naʻauao hana o Kuekeneʻepekema. Ka mea, kakau iho la oia i ka relativistic loa i keia manawa, a hiki aku i loko o kekahi o na pu ki no ke kaa. Kaʻina mea hiki i ke aloha a hiki i ka kokololio neʻe o electrons o na nā'ātoma o ke kēpau (ma ke ala, ka mea, i ke kumu loa o ke anakahi uila i loko o ka maʻi). ke kumu, hoʻowahāwahāʻo Kīwala'ō o ke kēpau a me ka piuta, ke tina-ma muli iuo aaoa? mai e hana ia kekahi wehewehe.

hana i eliiaʻi

ka rotational ka mämä holo o ka electrons i loko o nā nā'ātoma ka loa haʻahaʻa, no laila, ke relativity kumumanaʻo pono, aole i hana, akā, ma laila nō kekahi hewa. Inā e hele nei no hoi ia, a hoʻoholumua i ia i ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika papaʻaina, ka mea, ua akaka i kēpau ua kaumaha ia ma mua o ka hailonaʻana no nā kumumea i loko o laila. Ka nui nuipa o ka nuclei ua counterbalanced ma ka hoʻoulu i ka huina'ine māmā holo, a me ka mea e hiki hoʻokokoke i ka malamalama.

Inā keia kēia lākiō, mai ka kumumanaʻo o ka relativity mākou noʻonoʻo, ka mea, ua ike i na electrons i loko o ia o ka hihia e e he nui nui. Na wale ala, e hoola i ka angular momentum, akā, no ka orbital, e e'opihia radially, a ua nae ike i loko o nā nā'ātoma o ka mea kaumaha i eliiaʻi, akā, i ka orbital "lohi" electrons mai i ka loli. Kēia relativistic hookoia ua ike i loko o nā nā'ātoma o kekahi mea hiki ke hooheheeia ma na mau-orbitals me ka pololei, spherically symmetrical shape. Ua Ua manaoio e like me ka hopena o ka relativity Hereme mai he kinowai moku'āina o aggregation i mehana ea.

makahiki hele

Ukana ma ka makahiki i kaawale mai kekahi i kekahi ma ka nui mamao, a e kipaku ia ma ka mämä holo o ka malamalama i ka manawa lōʻihi loa, e lanakila maluna o lakou makemake lawe. No ka laʻana, e kiʻi iā Alpha Centauri - ke kokoke hoku, spaceship, me ka mämä holo o ka malamalama, lawe makahiki eha, a me ka hoʻokō mākou kokoke Wiliau Hōkū - ka Large Magellanic Kahulamu - e pono 160 tausani makahiki.

Leo i Alpha Centauri a me ka hope, aole ia nō e hiki, no ka mea, ke koi huina o ewalu makahiki, a no ke kaa occupants i haha aku i ka hopena o ka manawa dilation, i kēia wā, e e nui emi, akā, ma luna o kona hoi ana mai i ka hele ana a hiki i ke kokoke Wiliau Hōkū astronauts loaʻa i kā lākou maoli Honua, ua hala aku la ekolu haneri a me ka iwakalua tausani o ka makahiki, kanaka noho maikai ana i ua lōʻihi oki e nei. Penei, ka relativistic ole ae kanaka, e neʻe i ka manawa. Ua Ua manaoia kekahi o na kumu nui o ka pilikia lewaʻimi loa i ka lewa, no ka mea, ka mea i ka wahi e lanakila mawaho kahua, ina ia mea,ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻi?

More hana

Ma waho aʻeo i ka luawai-ike kali ia manawa, a he mea i ka relativistic Doppler hookoia, e like me a ina o ka nalu kumu hoomaka e neʻe, i ka nalu hoʻopulapula ma ke ala e hiki aku o ka neʻeʻana, e e ike ia e kekahi kilo me "pōkole", a i wehe ua hoomahuahua ia ka ke kōā.

Oia ka kŰia typical o kekahi nalu, pela no ka mea, hiki ke 'ike i loko o ke kumu hoohalike o ke kani i loko o maʻamau o ke ola. kani nalu ka ho'ēmiʻana ike ma ka pepeiao o känaka like me ka pehu leo. Nolaila, i ka wa a me ka hoailona o ka huakaʻi a ke kaʻa hiki ke lohe, mai kahi mamao aku, ia mea ma lalo, a ina o ka huakaʻi, e hele hala ke kilo, haʻi ana hoʻi, ma ka mea hookahi kani, kona kiekie e e oi aku i ka manawa o ka hoea mai, akā, i ka wā i ka huki 'ilikai iauaeoia a me ka huakaʻi pulls aku, i ka leo ho opa ao na kulu lalo a e hoʻomau i ka hele ma ka memo lalo.

Mau relativistic 'ole ke kumu ma ka panina Analog alapine loli ma ka pa alima a me ka kumu ka noi a me ka relativistic deceleration manawa.

About magnetism

Eia hou kekahi, laekahi physicists i increasingly ana i kaʻume mākenēki kula me ka relativistic hopena. E like me keia ano, no kaʻume mākenēki ke kahua mea,ʻaʻole he kuokoa physicalʻahahui o ka mea, ia mea heʻano o ka electromagnetic a kahua hoikeana a hiki ole. Keʻume mākenēki kahua ma ka olelo o ka pähola 'ana o relativity - wale kaʻina i ia lŘlŘ i loko o ka makahiki a puni ka wahi' āhewa 'ana ma muli o ka EYI o ka pila nui kahua.

Adherents o kēia kumumanaʻo manaoio ia ina C (ka mämä holo o ka malamalama ma ka holo) ua mana loa, ka propagation mämä holo o ka hana kūleʻa nui hoi i mea kona palena, a no ia mea, hiki ole i kekahi hoikeana o magnetism.