He aha ka na lysosomes: ka 'ole, haku mele' ana a me ka hana ana o lysosomes

E like me ka halepaahao mea hiki ke "hōʻuluʻulu" na waiwai e hāʻule nō ia i loko o ka cytoplasm? Ke pane hiki ke loaa ma ka noonoo mea na lysosomes. He aha ka kā lākou 'ole? Ma muli o ia pehea e hiki ke hana kona hana i ka waiwai o kēia mau organelles?

Lysosomes. Hiʻona o ka 'ole a me ka ho'āʻo

Lysosome - keia organoid keena e pili ana i 0.2 microns ma ka nui, hoopuniia ma kaʻili lahilahi, a loaʻa ka hydrolytic nā'ūhū. O ka papa kuhikuhi hana o ia Oe o ka splitting o ka waiwai hoʻolauna i loko o ka halepaahao ma ka endocytosis, a me kā lākou mau nā lātoma, i mea hou e pono ai.

He aha ka ka 'ole o lysosomes i loko o ka manao?

Cleavage ole kumuhana hoʻololi iho ma ka mea ana i hydrolases - nā'ūhū hiki o ka hana i loko o kaʻakika meakino. E malama i ka haʻahaʻa pH, e i loko iho i loko o kaʻili lahilahi lysosome ATPase vacuolar-type (V-type). I Kekahi Mau 'ole o ka luna' e leie aku e EII ni aku i ka lehulehuʻano piʻina o ka hydrogen protons, hiki mahuahua i ko lakou helu ana ma ka pahale kaiapuni organelles.

Hydrolase hiki wale hana i loko o kaʻakika 'ia. Ua Radio aiiay kūlana nui ka, 'ole. To, Ma ka cytoplasm o ka halepaahao meakino mea kokoke'ākilikai. Inā kaʻili lahilahi lysosomes somehow poino, a me na nā'ūhū e noho ana i loko o ka cytosol, e lilo lākou hana, e hoʻohiolo nō ia i 'ona a me organelles.

Lysosomeʻili lahilahi ninoieo o ka una honua a me ka micellar ioauoa. Nā wahi i wāhiʻia ma waena o nā papa o nā phospholipids i piha i ka wai. Over o ka wahi o kaʻili lahilahi hoopuehu i ili lehulehu a i hoopihaia mai no hoi i ka wai, a hiki ke pani ma ka Polar nā lātoma. Oia eiiieaena māhele o kaʻili lahilahi'ōnaehana, a laila, mau hiʻohiʻona nō komo iloko organelles a me hydrophobic a me ka hydrophilic nā lātoma.

Pehea e hana lysosomes

Nā polokina e pono e kūkulu lysosomes i initially synthesized i loko o ka EPR. Next, ka mea pono i ka "Tag" ma ka hoʻopili mannose koena. Kēia mannose koena o ka maopopo hoailona no Golgi i hoʻomākaukauʻia: nā polokina i kia ma kekahi wahi, a laila, e synthesized hue me lytic nā'ūhū. O ia ka leo i ka lysosome ma kālaimeaola.

Nā maloko o na lysosomes

He aha ka ka lysosome a me ka mea o ka haku mele 'ana o ka mea maloko' ia o kēia mau organelles?

Loko lysosomes kākoʻo ʻakika āina, pH no i hiki 4.5-5. Ma lalo o ia mau rula, na nā'ūhū ke hana kona cleavage kuleana pili i. Hydrolase - o ka inoa, he pono ole o ka papa o nā'ūhū. Just lysosome he ma kahi o 40ʻokoʻa biologically hana nā lātoma i catalyze kona loa kekahi naoh.

E like me kekahi hapa o ka na Contents o ka lysosome nā'ūhū hiki ke loaʻa i ka penei:

• ʻakika phosphatase - pili mai i huiʻia i loaʻa ka posapahate pūʻulu;
• nuclease - pepehi nukelea nāʻakika ;
• protease - pili mai nā polokina;
• collagenase - pepehi na nā lātoma o collagen;
• Lipase - pili mai nā mea kemika ;
• Glycosidase - hōʻeleu i reactions carbohydrate cleavage;
• asparaginase - pili mai asparticʻakika;
• glutaminase - pepehi glutamicʻakika.

Just lysosomes kekahi ma kahi o 40ʻokoʻa hydrolases. No laila, i ka ninau o ka mea ka lysosome, ma ka kālaimeaola hiki ke pane aku: he hale ahu waiwai o nā'ūhū.

'ano o nā lysosomes

Līkaia 4 'ano o nā lysosomes: iniiaiie a me ka kiʻekiʻe lysosomes, autophagic haʻawina a me ka koena keena.

lysosomes Education - he luna 'kaʻina, i ua pu ma ka hana ana o kekahi mau ka hōʻikeʻana nā lātoma ma luna o ka ili o ka EPR a me ka hypertension. Helu lysosome - he uuku Oe, a ua pipili mai kaʻili lahilahi o ka Golgi nakeke.

Helu lysosome initially loaʻa ka holoʻokoʻa luna 'ana o nā'ūhū pono e uhai ia macromolecules.

Secondary lysosome - keia 'ole, nui ka leo. Ua Ua hanaʻia ma ka merging me ka iniiaiie Oe waiwai loaa ma ka endocytosis, a aeea pūnao huahana mea pono e hoolilo o.

autophagosome ho okumu ua pili me ia ke kaʻina hana like autophagy - omo a me ka "digesting" a no ka maluhiluhi o ka halepaahao i ka organelles.

Ka awelika lōʻihi like 'ole o ka mitochondria o 10 lā. Once ka organelle mea,ʻaʻole hiki ke hana i kona mau oihana, e pono e hoolilo o. No keia mea, he ai iiiaanoaa o iniiaiie lysosomes a me mitochondria hoopuni iho i interconnected. E like me ka hopena, i hanaʻia autophagosome nui i loko i hoʻomaka splitting mitochondria i monomers.

He aha ka na lysosomes i loko o ka palapala o ke koena i bipi keiki? Kēia hope wahi o ka functioning o kekahi lysosomes kahi nā'ūhū i hana i ko lakou hana, a me ka organelle he waiwai i ole hele hiki hou splitting. Undigested koena i wale kiola mai o ka hīnaʻi manu.

Maʻi pili me kāna hana no nā lysosomes

Nā'ūhū mai i mau hana pono. Lysosomes splitting kuleana pili i hoʻokō wale i ka wa a ka hydrolase aʻole ole i paewaewa ma ka 'ole. No laila, he nui no na mai pili i lysosomes, ma muli ia o ka malfunction o ka'ūhū.

Mau deviations i kapaia pūnaewele maʻi. Kēia 'o ia hoʻi i ka shortage o ka'ūhū kona papa kuhikuhiE kūpapakū wale ua i hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo i loko o ka lysosome, no ka mea, o ka mea kükulu i a me ke kumu' ole adverse.

Sfingolipidoz, Tay-Sachs maʻi pale, Sendhoffa maʻi, Niemann-e koho i maʻi, leukodystrophy - a pau o kēia mau maʻi i pili me ka malfunction o ka lysosomal'ūhū a me kā lākou piha e kaawale. Ka hapanui o lakou i na mai i recessive ma ka ano.