He aha ka polysomes. Ka 'ole o ke kulekele prokaryotes a me eukaryotes

Kumuʻiʻo hoʻololi kemikala - ia mea he nui liluwelo kaʻina hana e ia lŘlŘ ma na keena o kekahi meaola. Nā polokina i ka papa kuhikuhiE papa o ke aloha 'ona keena, hana i ka laulā huahelu o ka oihana, e hoʻomaka ana a pau me ka aiiay'ūhū. He aha ka polysomes? E like me kēia 'ole ua hoʻohana' ia i loko o kumuʻiʻo hoʻololi kemikala?

He aha ka polysomes

Ma na keena o eukaryotes a me prokaryotes i paa kanu'ōiwi o ka ribosome. Kēia liʻiliʻi corpuscles, iloko olaila no elua subunits a me ka hana o ka hana kumuʻiʻo hoʻololi kemikala i loko o ka unuhi kaʻina. Ribosome - he pili-ʻili lahilahi 'ole.

Polysomes - he ho okumu iloko olaila no kekahi mau ribosomes. Ka mea, kamaʻilio pū kekahi i kekahi Via ka'ōpū mai paha elele RNA. Mau ribosomes, e like me lei, ua kau ma luna o kēia lātoma kūpono ai i loko o ke kino 'ole - polysomes.

Polysomes aeee i kia kahi pono kokololio hoʻololi kemikala o ka nui dala o nā polokina. 'O kēia ka papa kuhikuhiE liluwelo kūlana o kēia mau ē aʻei kūpono.

Ka 'ole o ka ribosome

T. ke k. Polis kuahene kekahi mau nā ribosomes, e pono e noonoo i ka 'ole o ka hope.

Kekahi aeea ribosome he a mau subunits, nui a me ka meaʻuʻuku. Ma waena o ia ua hana i ka mea uuku nahā i anawaena pono no ka miomio i loko o ka mRNA lātoma a aole loa no auanei.

Ribosomes i eiiieaena nucleoprotein eiiieaenu, oa. K. A hapa o ka poe liilii, a me ka nui subunit ribosomal RNA nā lātoma nā nā polokina, a. Nā polokina hana i ka hana o ke kupapau, a me ka RNA i loaa ribozyme (fermentative) haʻawina, e hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka unuhi kaʻina.

Oko ao ma waena o prokaryotic a me ka eukaryotic ribosomes

, Mai ka prokaryotes a me eukaryotes - ka mea, i nāʻokoʻa nā pūʻulu o meaola, ka mea, i oko ao i loko o ka ribosomes, a no ia mea, i ke kulekele, pū.

Ma prokaryotes, ka cytoplasm mea he nui ka nui o 70S ribosomes (S - sedimentation mea ikaika, i Hōʻike i ka uku o ka palapala moʻopane o (particles) i loko o ka centrifuge). Ka mea i hanaʻia ma ka nui subunit 50S a me 30S uuku subunit. Ka 'ole o ka subunit nui i loko o prokaryotes nā 5S a me 23S RNA. I huli ai oe, i ka poe uuku a subunit 16S RNA ua hana.

I mea koʻohune aeee i hanaʻia i ka hailona o polysomes. O ke kumu ho i ka mea i ka mea, i ke kumuʻiʻo hoʻololi kemikala kaʻina ka loa hookeai: ka hōʻike hoʻomaka mua o ka pau ana o ka Ekolu a kaʻina. No ka mea ua kumu, i ka lehulehu o ribosomes i loko o ka halepaahao o ka nui kokoke i ka nucleoid.

Ma eukaryotes, loaʻa nō oko ao ma na aiee o ka ikaika hehee wale o ka ribosome sedimentation. No ka mea, o ka waiwai o 80 no na subunits nui a me ka uuku - 60 a me 40 pakahi. E like me kekahi hapa o ka subunit nui i kaʻawale 5S, 28S a me 5,8S RNA, a me ka meaʻuʻuku - 18S RNA.

A ma prokaryotes a me eukaryotes polysomes hōʻeleu i ke kaʻina hana o ka kumuʻiʻo hoʻololi kemikala. ka wā e pono ai kokololio ho okumu ana o na kope o ka kumuʻiʻo nā lātoma kēia mea loa nui. Ka uku kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻololi kemikala pakahi aku la ia ano no ka koʻohune, oa. K. Home RNA ia ma laila no ka pōkole manawa, a ma keia wā mawaena e synthesize like ka nui o ke kumuʻiʻo nā lātoma. Ia ka leo o ka polysomes ma kālaimeaola.

Translation kaʻina - i ka papa kuhikuhi hana o polysomes

Ma ka unuhi i hana iniiaiie 'ole o ke kumuʻiʻo lātoma. Aia he ekolu anuu o ka hoʻololi kemikala o polypeptides: hoʻomaka ai, elongation a me ka hoopau wale.

1. he lālā o ka unuhi. MRNA lātoma E e pili ana i ka 16S RNA o ka loina o ka complementarity. No keia mea, aia no he kūikawā kaʻina, e prokaryotes kapaia ribosomsvyazyvayuschim paena a me eukaryotes - capped. Nolaila, elele RNA ua pili i ka poe uuku a subunit o ka ribosome.

2. Elongation. Kēia kahua Ua wehewehe aku ma ka buildup o ka polypeptide kaula. Ka halihali RNA lawe mai i ka ribosome'amino nāʻakika, a e pili ana i ka huakai kaapuni i hanaʻia ma kaʻakika'amino paa. Penei, kumuʻiʻo hoʻololi kemikala i wahi a ka manawa, i ka wa e Hits he ribosome holo ana codon.

3. hoopau wale. Once ka mea, ua hiki i ka holo ana codon o ke kumuʻiʻo hoʻololi kemikala ua 'ōlelo. he polypeptide Puhi iho i hana mai i ka ribosome e hina lātoma ma ka kūikawā hahauʻana, a laila ae i ke kahua o nā haumāna, tertiary a quaternary 'ole.

Ribosome profiling - i ke ano o këia ka ribosome

E aʻo mea polysomes, e pono e koho i ka 'ole o na keena o ke kino. Ke easiest ala e hana noiʻi ma prokaryotic keena. Ribosomal profiling komo ai na kēia mau kapuwai.

1. ka make ana o ka prokaryotic halepaahao. He mea nui e pono ke lawe i ka luku mai ma paʻi pepaʻoe, oa. A. Nine Inch ke hanaʻino i ka ribosomes lakou iho.

2. Ka cleavage o RNA, i mea ole ribosomal.

3. Na ua rula ua lawe wehe AND polypeptides i mea ole kekahi hapa o ka 'ole.

4. ke hoʻololi EKOLU o ka ribosomal RNA kaʻawale.

5. Sekvernirovanie loaa DNA.

ka hopena

Polysomes - he 'ole i ka mea i hanaʻia o kekahi mau ribosomes. Kona nuʻukia mea e hōʻeleu i ke hoʻololi kemikala o nā polokina. i loaʻa kēia mau hale a ma keena o prokaryotes a me eukaryotes, naʻe ka mea, ua ano o ke keena o kekahi meaola. Ia ka leo o ka polysomes.