He aha ka'ike i Pascal? Ho'ohui, helu a me nā hi'ohi'ona

I kēlā me kēia makahiki, e ulu ana ka'oihana o ka mea papahana. I kēia manawa,'ane'ane ho'ohana'ia he'umi mau leo o nā'ano like'ole no nā kākau inoa. I mea e pono ai ka ho'ona'auao'ana o ka ho'olālā'ana o ka ho'olālā kamepiula, ua a'o'ia nā haumāna ki'eki'e a me nā haumāna o ka 1-2 makahiki e hana i kā lākou mau noi mua ma ka'ōlelo a Pascal. Hā'awi'ia ka mea i hā'awi'ia i nā hana mahele a me nā'ano a me nā helu'ē a'e i kona āpau.

Nā'ōlelo iki no Pascal

Ua ho'okumu'ia'o "Pascal" i ka makahiki 1968-1969 e ka mea kilo kaulana'o Niklaus Wirth, a ma hope iho ua hā'awi'ia'o ia ka makana'o Thuring and the "Pioneer of Computer Technology" medal. 'O ka hopena, i ka wā ma mua koke iho, ua komo'o ia i ka ho'olālā'ana o ka'ōlelo "Algol-68". Ma kahi māhele i pa'i'ia i ka makahiki 1970,'o ka pahuhopu nui o kāna hana'o Wirth i kapa'ia ka hana'ana o kahi mea hana pono e ho'ohana ana i nā papahana ho'olālā a me nā'ikepili.

Ma hope iho, ua nui ka hopena o ka'ōlelo "Pascal" i ka'enehana'ikepili, a lilo i ho'okahi o ke'ano. A hiki i kēia lā i nā kula nui he nui o ke ao nei, aia ia ma ke kumu e a'o'ia ai ka ho'olālā papahana.

He aha ke'ano o ka māhele pili

I ka'ikematika,'ike'ia kēia inoa ma ke'ano he hana ma nā helu helu'elua. No ka hopena o ka mahele o ka lihi o kekahi o lākou i kahi'ē a'e,'o ia ka paukū o kā lākou mea nui. I nā hua'ōlelo'ē a'e, inā:

24: 6 = 4;

100: 3 = 33

55: 6 = 9;

A'o nā mea'ē a'e.

Ho'omaopopo'ia kekahi māhele nui i ka loa'a'ana o kahi helu kuhi'ole.

E ho'omaopopo i kēia hana, inā he emi ka pu'unaue i ka māhele,'a'ohe hualoa'a ka hopena.

Hō'ike mākou i ka hualoa'a o ka mahele o ka mahele o ka a, e like me q. Alaila

Pēlā, hana'ia ka māhele ma ke'ano ma'amau, me ka ho'ohui hope'ana o ka hopena i kahi kokoke loa i kahi'ao'ao li'ili'i.

'O ka'ike'ike ma Pascal

Ma ka'ōlelo e no'ono'o nei mākou, ua ho'olako'ia kekahi mea ho'ohana kūikawā no ka mea kaulike - div. I loko o Pascal i ka hua'ōlelo, ka mea i hō'ike'ia ma luna nei, e like me:

Q: = a div b.

Inā e kama'ilio ana mākou no nā constants, e like me ke'ano, a = 50, a me b = 9, a laila e loa'a iā mākou: = 50 div 9. Ma muli o ka hopena, q e like ka 5.

E helu ana i ke koena

'O ka māhele'ike ma Pascal e a'o mau'ia me ka mod. Mamua o ko makou ike ana i ke ano o keia moolelo, e noonoo makou pehea e imi ai i ke koena o ka helu.

'Ike, hiki ke loa'a ma ka ho'ohana'ana i ka waiwai i loa'a ma muli o ka mahele'oihana,'o ia ho'i,

R = a - bx q.

'O ka hana hana ma Pascal

I loko o Pascal, hiki iā'oe ke'imi i ke koena i kahi ma'alahi. No kēia mau hana, ua ho'olako'ia kahi mod mod operation.

Ua kākau'ia penei:

R = a mod b.

Ina, e like ana me ka a = 50, a me b = 9, alaila ua loaa: r = 50 mod 9. Ma ke ano he 4 ka.

Ho'olako pono

Ke'ike'ia nei ke koena o ka māhele (r) ho'ohana'ia i ka'enehana'enekini a me ka loea. Me kēia hana, hana'ia nā mana a me nā helu'ele'ele ma kahi palena palena.

Ho'ohana pū'ia ka mea ho'ohana ma'amau no ka ho'oholo'ana i ka hua'ōlelo o nā huahelu,'o ia ho'i, ka mahele o kekahi helu me kekahi hua'ōlelo pū'oko'a. 'Ike loa, he mau helu like kēia me ka hopena o ka ho'ohana'ana i ka mea lawelawe i hā'awi 0.

I loko o Pascal, hiki ke kākau'ia ka pilina nui e like me kēia:

Inā he mod b = 0 a laila kākau (a, 'multiple', b).

Eia kekahi la'ana, inā e holo'oe i ke code me ke'ano i kākau'ia ma luna nei, no ka = 4 a me b = 2, "4 manawa 2" e hō'ike'ia ma ka nānā.

Eia hou, hiki ke ho'ohana i ka mea lawelawe i ka hua hope hope o ka helu decimal. No ka hana'ana i kēia, e ho'ohana i ka hana r = a mod 10. No ka mea,'o ke kauoha r = 37 mod 10 e huahua i ka hopena 7.

'O ka mea ho'ohana ko'iko'i

Aia kekahi mea ho'ohana'ē a'e, kahi e hiki ai iā'oe ke loa'a ka hopena like me ka div i "Pascal". He'olu'olu ia,'a'ole e pili ana i nā helu holo'oko'a. Hiki ke hualoa'a i ka hopena ma ke'ano he māhele nui o ka hihia pane. Me ka mea hana o ka "mahele" ma'amau, loa'a ho'okahi a me ka hopena like. E no'ono'o kākou i ka mea i ha'i'ia ma kahi hi'ohi'ona. E manao he = 51, a me b = 9. A laila, i ka hopena o ke kauoha i: = 51 div 9, ua loa'a iā q = = 5, ke kumu o ka ho'ohui. Inā mākou e ho'ohana i kahi pahu i nā helu like, a laila q: = trunc (51/9) hā'awi i q: = 5,'o ia ho'i, ua like mākou i ka hopena.

Ka La'ana 1

E no'ono'o pehea e hiki ai iā'oe ke ho'ohana i ka'ike a me ka ho'oikaika'ana i Pascal e ho'oholo i nā pilikia pili. Pono e'ike i ka huina o nā huahelu o kahi helu helu'elua. Pono ke'ano o ka no'ono'o'ana:

• E like me ka mea i hō'ike'ia ma luna nei, hiki ke loa'a i ka helu hope loa o ka helu helu ma ka noi'ana iā ia a me ka helu 10, ka mea lawelawe hou;
• No ka helu mua, e loa'a iā ia ma o ka ho'ololi'ana i ka mod me ka command div ma Pascal.

E kākau mākou i ke code ma ka'ōlelo Pascal. E nānā'ia kēia:

Polokalamu Sum_2; (Name o ka papahana)

Nānā helu, Number1, Number2,'Apene: helu pā'ani; (Ka helu'ana i nā loiloi a me ka ho'ākāka'ana o ko lākou'ano, ma ke'ano he helu holo'oko'a)

E ho'omaka (ka ho'omaka o ke kino o ka papahana)

E kākau i ('Input'elua hua helu'); (Hana i ka nānā'ana o ka hua'ōlelo "Ho'okomo i ka helu helu'elua")

Heluhelu (Helu); (Input o ka helu kumu)

Helu1: = Number div 10; (Ka helu'ana i ka helu mua)

Helu2: = Nānā helu 10; (Ka helu'ana i ka helu lua)

Helu: = Number1 + Number2; (E helu ana i ka huina o nā huahelu)

E kākau (Sum); (Hō'ike i ka hopena ma ka nānā)

Ho'opau.

No ka helu 25 ka hopena o ka ho'ohana'ana i kēia papahana he 7, a, e like paha, no 37 - 9.

Ka'ana 2

E kākau kākou i ke code no ka papahana e helu ana i nā huina o nā helu helu 3-helu.

Pehea hiki ke'ike i ka helu hope loa. 'A'ole hiki ke ma'a i ka mua. Loa'a ka hopena o ka ho'ohana'ana i ka'ike ho'oholo ma Pascal i kēia helu a hiki i ka 100. Ho'omau'ia e no'ono'o pehea e loa'a ai ka helu lua. No ka hana'ana i kēia, hiki iā'oe ke ho'ohana i kahi hana i'oi aku ka pa'akikī, e loa'a ana ma ka ho'ohana'ana i ka'ike ho'oka'awale i ka helu kumu a me ka 10, a laila i ka hopena a me ka mea ho'ohana 10.

'O ka helu no ka helu'ana i ka huina o nā huahelu o kahi helu he'ekolu-helu e like me kēia:

Polokalamu Sum_3; (Name o ka papahana)

Nānā helu3, Ka nui: helu nui; (Ka helu'ana i nā loiloi a me ka ho'ākāka'ana o ko lākou'ano, ma ke'ano he helu holo'oko'a)

E ho'omaka (ka ho'omaka o ke kino o ka papahana)

E kākau i ('Input Tree-number number'); (Hana i ka nānā o ka hua'ōlelo "Input Tree-helu hua")

Heluhelu (Number3); (Input o ka helu kumu)

Ka hopena: = Number3 div 100 + Number3 mod 10 + Number3 div 10 mod 10; (Ka helu helu)

E kākau i ('Sum); (Hō'ike i ka hopena ma ka nānā)

Ho'opau.

'O kekahi mau'ōlelo

E ho'omaopopo i ka hana o ka māhele ma'amau i ka ho'ohana'ia'ana i nā mana'o kūkākūkā ma'ō aku o kā lākou papa. He'oko'a kēia i ka wehewehe ma Pascal, a mai ka mea lawelawe pūnaewele, a huahua'ia kekahi hualoa'a.

'O ka ho'onohonoho'ana i nā hana hana binary ('o ia ho'i, ka ho'okō'ana i nā'oihana'elua) i loko o ka hopena ko'iko'i e ho'oholo'ia e ko lākou nui a me nā mākua. I nā'ōlelo'ē a'e, i mua o nā pale, ua helu mua'ia nā'ōlelo i loko o ia mau mea mai ka hema a me ka'ākau. I kēia hihia,'oi aku ka'oi o nā hana *, /, mod a div me + a -. Inā'a'ole he mau pale, mua, mai ka hema a hiki i ka'ākau, pono'oe e hana i nā hana me kahi ki'eki'e ki'eki'e, a laila - me + a me -.

I kēia manawa ua'ike'oe i ke'ano o ka hana hana ma Pascal. Ua'ike nō ho'i'oe i nā mea e hiki ai i ka mea ho'ohana pūnaewele hā'awi, a,'oia'i'o, e kōkua iā'oe i ka hana'ana i kāu mau noi pono'ī.