He aha mea he organelle? Ke 'ole a me ka hana ana o organelles. Organelles o ka laau aeea. Organelles o ka holoholona keena

Cell - o ka nui o ka hui o ola mea, he aupuni kūʻokoʻa liluwelo'ōnaehana, a i ka walaʻauʻana ano o nā mea a pau e noho ana. No ka laʻana, ka mea hiki ke ulu, hoonui, neʻe, ke hakuloli a me ka loli. Eia kekahi, i kekahi hoʻomaopop 'ana i keena pūnao, ka mea i ho'ākāka' 'ole, ka hoonoho papa ana ia hale a me ka hana.

Ka 'epekema e epa me ka hoʻopaʻa' ana o aeee - ka cytology. Kona kumuhana mea he mall pa alima o multicellular holoholona a me nā mea kanu, hookahi-aa? Meaola - koʻohune, protozoa a me ka līoho, oia hoi o ka hoʻokahi halepaahao.

Inā mākou e kamailio e pili ana i ka mau hoʻolālā o ka mall huahelu o ola meaola, ka mea iloko o kaʻili lahilahi, a me ka nucleus me ka nucleolus. No hoi, ka mea, iloko ona organelles o ka halepaahao cytoplasm. I ka lā, heʻano o ka lahui ulu noiʻi ki ina hana, akā, na alakai wahi ua noho ma ka microscopy, e leie aku kekahi, e noiʻi i ka 'ole o ke keena, a, e makaikai i kona walaʻauʻana mall hehee wale.

He aha mea he organelle?

Organelles (i kapaʻia ka mea, organelles) - paʻa constituent oihana mua o kekahi keena e e ia i ka loa a me ka hana i kekahi mau hana. Kēia 'ole, i mea e pōʻino ai no ka malama ana kona ha awina.

Ma organelles nā ka nucleus, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum a me Golgi i hoʻomākaukauʻia, a me nā vacuoles vesicles, mitochondria, ribosomes, a me ke kelepona hele-oaio? (Centrosome). Eia kekahi nā nā hale i lilo i ka halepaahao cytoskeleton (microfilaments a me microtubules) melanosomes. Mākou E hoi kahińuli i ka organelle neʻeʻana. Ua cilia, flagella a me ka pseudopodia myofibrils.

A pau i kēia mau hale, he interrelated, a hoomakaukau i kekahi wahi haʻawina o aeee. Ia mea ke kumu o ka nīnau: "He aha ka ke organelle" - hiki ke pane i ka mea i ke keʻena i hiki ke equated i ke kino o ka multicellular meaola.

Mea Maluna organelles

Ke keena oko a ma ka nui a me ka shape, e like me kā lākou mau hana, akā, ka mea, e like me ka Nine Inch 'ole a me ka loina o ka hoʻokahi hui. I ka ninau o ka mea a ka mea i ka organelle 'ole, lawa kūkākūkā. No ka laʻana, lysosomes a vacuoles i kekahi manawa, haawi ia ia e like me ke kelepona hele organelles.

Inā mākou e kamailio e pili ana i ka Mea Maluna o na keena o kēia mau eiiiiiaiou, ke kaʻawale ole-ʻili lahilahi a me kaʻili lahilahi organelles. Ole-ʻili lahilahi - ka halepaahao oaio a me ka ribosome. i Organelle neʻeʻana (microtubules a me microfilaments) e nele o na membranes.

Ke kumu 'ole o membranous organelles waiho imua o liluwelo membranes. Odnomebrannye dvumembrannye organelles, a i kapa komo iā ia me kaʻaʻahu 'ole, a he o ka papalua ahu iho la ka phospholipids a me kumuʻiʻo nā lātoma. Ua hoʻokaʻawale i ka cytoplasm, mai ka mea mawaho i hoʻolilo 'ia, ka mea e kokua mālama aeea shape. He waiwai hoomanao ana i loko o ke kanu keena ma ka hou ana i kaʻili lahilahi nō ma laila, a mawaho kelulose pōkā pū, a ua kapaia o ka halepaahao pa. Ua hanaʻia he kākoʻo kuleana pili i.

Ma kaʻili lahilahi organelles nā EPS, lysosomes a me mitochondria a me plastids a me lysosomes. Lākou mau membranes hiki oko wale ma luna o ka 'ia paha o nā polokina.

Inā mākou e kamailio e pili ana i ka ooieoeiiaeuiiai hiki o organelles, e hiki ke synthesize kekahi mau waiwai kekahi o ia mau mea. Penei, hoʻololi kemikala o ka nui organelles - mitochondria, a paka ATP. Ribosomes plastids (chloroplasts) a me ka hoʻonaninani endoplasmic reticulum kuleana no ka kumuʻiʻo hoʻololi kemikala, ala apuupuu EBL - no ka hoʻololi kemikala o lipids a me carbohydrates.

Ke 'ole a me ka hana ana o organelles ma hou au mamuli.

kāna mau 'ōlelo

Kēia organelle He aliʻi nui, no ka mea, i ka wa a ka mea, ua wehe 'functioning na keena ana a me ka make.

Ke nucleus i ka papaluaʻili lahilahi, a i ka ai iiiaanoaa o ka ili. Ka lilo ana o ia mea, ua pili loa me ka endoplasmic reticulum a me ka cytoplasm pili. Kēia organelle maupaʻa chromatin - chromosomes i mea eiiieaena nā polokina a me ka DNA. Me keia ma ka naau, ua hiki ke olelo aku i ka mea, o ka kāna mau 'ōlelo o ka organelle i mea kuleana i ka malama ana o ke kumu o nui o ka genome.

Ke kinowai hapa o ka Kernel kapa karyoplasm. Ua loaʻa ka 'ōlelo hale o ke ola huahana. Na densest wahi - nucleolus, i ko ka hale o ka luna 'ribosome nā polokina, a RNA, e like me potasiuma posapahate, makanekiuma, kiniki, he hao a me ka kalipuna. Nucleolus nalo mua ke kelepona hele mahele , a ua hana hou i loko o nā kuʻina hope ana o ke kaʻina hana.

Endoplasmic reticulum (reticulum)

EPS - odnomembranny organelle. Ua lawe hapalua aeea ka leo, a he o ke omo a me ka poʻina nalu, a i pili pu, e like me ka cytoplasmicʻili lahilahi, a me ka pā iwi o ka nucleus. Kaʻili lahilahi o keia organelle i ka like 'ole e like me ka plazmalema. Kēia 'ole ua noniakahi, a aole hoi e wehe i loko o ka cytoplasm.

Endoplasmic reticulum ka malimali a me ka granular (hoʻonaninani). Ma ka mea maloko iwi o ka granular EPM waiho ribosome kahi kumuʻiʻo hoʻololi kemikala i wahi. Ma ka ili o ke ala apuupuu endoplasmic reticulum ribosomes ma kahi e, akā, 'aneʻi hele i ka hoʻololi kemikala o carbohydrates a me nā bipi kūpaluʻia.

All waiwai a pau i hanaʻia i loko o ka endoplasmic reticulum, i hoololiia ma ka'ōnaehana o tubules a me ducts i Maui kahi i loaa a a laila hoʻohana 'ia ma nā biochemical keʻano o ka hanaʻana.

Haawi mai i ka hiki ana o synthesizing EPS gritty reticulum ke aupuni 'o keena nona iniiaiie papa - ke kahua o nā polokina, a laumania - i loko o na keena synthesizing carbohydrates a me nā bipi kūpaluʻia. Eia hou, i ka pahee reticulum loaa kalipuna Ion i mea e pono ai no ka maʻamau functioning o keena, a me ka mea a pau meaola.

It E e kaulana no hoi ia EPS o ka wahi o ka ho okumu ana o ka Golgi nakeke.

Lysosomes, a me kā lākou mau hana

Lysosomes - i ke kelepona hele organelles i i hōʻike mai iā ia odnomembrannymi pouches me ua hoʻokōʻia a me ka hydrolytic digestive nā'ūhū (proteases, lipases a me nucleases). No ka maʻiʻo anoʻakika 'ia o nā lysosomes. Membranes me ka ho okumuʻikepili kaʻawale ia, mai ka cytoplasm, hikiʻole i ka make ana o ka mea'ē aʻe mall eiiiiiaiou o aeee. I ka hookuu, nā'ūhū lysosome i loko o ka cytoplasm o ka halepaahao pakiko-luku ia lŘlŘ - autolysis.

It E e kaulana i nā'ūhū kuhikuhi synthesized ma luna o ka ino endoplasmic reticulum, a laila, neʻe akula i ka Golgi nakeke. Eia ka mea, i Hoʻololi ', pūʻolo helu ma kaʻili lahilahi vesicles, a hoʻomaka e kaawale, a lilo kuokoa eiiiiiaiou o ka halepaahao - lysosomes, i mea iniiaiie a me nā haumāna.

N lysosomes - hale i i hookaawale, mai ka Golgi i hoʻomākaukauʻia, a me ka haumāna (digestive vacuoles) - ka poe a pau i hanaʻia ma muli o ke kuʻi nukeliu o iniiaiie lysosomes a me endocytotic vacuoles.

Haawi mai ia i ka 'ole a me ka hui hiki i ka papa kuhikuhi hana o lysosomes hōʻike:

• digestion o kekahi mau waiwai i loko o ka halepaahao;
• loa ia'na o ke kelepona hele nā hale i mea ole ai;
• komo i loko o ka reorganization o ka halepaahao keʻano o ka hanaʻana.

vacuoles

Vacuoles - odnomembrannye keia organelle ka spherical kinona, i nā Reservoir o ka wai a me ka mea hoʻoheheʻe ma loko ke aloha a me ka'okanikaʻole i huiʻia. Ma ke kahua o ka hale a ikepili āpau i komo i Golgi i hoʻomākaukauʻia, a EPS.

Ka holoholona aeea vacuoles pihoihoi. Ka mea, ua uuku na, a noho ma i oi aku 5% o ka buke. Lākou ka papa kūlana - ka hoʻolako 'amo waiwai ma ka halepaahao.

Vacuoles o ke kanu aeee i nui, a lawe mai i ka 90% o ka buke. Ma kekahi oʻo aeea i hoʻokahi wale nō vacuole, a ninoaaeyao he kikowaena kūlana. Konaʻili lahilahi ua kapaia tonoplast a me ka maʻiʻo - aeea SAP. I ka papa kuhikuhiE oihana o ke kanu vacuoles - hoomaopopo ana i ka halepaahaoʻili lahilahi anakahi uila, hoʻomāhuahua o na hui a me aeee luku aku. Eia kekahi, i kēia mau mea kanu aeea organelles hoolako i ka wai e pono ai ke kāʻamaʻai kaʻina.

Inā mākou e kamailio e pili ana i ka haku mele 'ana o ka halepaahao SAP, a laila e loaʻa o ke kēia mau waiwai:

• hope - ke aloha nāʻakika, carbohydrates a me nā polokina, kekahi'aminoʻakika;
• hui a i hana ia iloko o ka halepaahao ha awina, a hoʻonui i laila (alkaloids, phenols a me tannins);
• e yiaeaiiacaaeneiie a kanu hormones;
• pigments, ma i na hua, aa a me petals i pena i loko o ka waihoʻoluʻu kūpono.

Golgi eiiieaena

Ka 'ole o nā organelles kapaia "Golgi i hoʻomākaukauʻia" mea he mea. I kanu keena, e hōʻike like kaawale bipiʻili lahilahi i ka holoholona aeee i poe poʻina nalu, Canal a me Oe. Ke mall pa alima o ka Golgi luna '- ia dictyosome, i ua poe e ka noae o 4-6 "poʻina nalu" a me na Oe uuku i i kaawale mai o ia mau mea, a me ka poe i ka intracellular amo'ōnaehana, a ua hiki no hoi malama i ke kumu o lysosomes. Dictyosomes helu make i mai kekahi i kekahi mau haneri.

Golgi eiiieaena, ana kahi kokoke i ka nucleus. Ma holoholona keena - kokoke i ka piko o ka halepaahao. O ka papa kuhikuhi hana o kēia mau organelles o ke kēia:

• secretion a me ka hoʻomāhuahua o nā polokina, lipids a me saccharides;
• hooponopono hou ana i ke aloha i huiʻia komo i ka Golgi luna ';
• Kēia organelle o ke kahua o ke kahua o lysosomes.

Ua Ua kaulana ia EPS, lysosome, ka vacuole, golgi i hoʻomākaukauʻia, a pu i hana i ka omo vacuolar-'ōnaehana a hoʻokaʻawale i ka halepaahao i loko o kekahi mau pauku me ka AYEIE hana. Eia hou, keia'ōnaehana hoʻolako he ikaika aku IeAIIeXIAaIEN o membranes.

Mitochondria - i ka ikehu kanu keena

Mitochondria - dvumembrannye kookoo-e like organelles, spherical paha filamentary palapala, a synthesize ATP. Ka mea, i ka mawaho ili a me ka loko laumaniaʻili lahilahi me na mea he nui nā pā, i kapa cristae. It E e hoʻomaopopo i ka helu o cristae o na mitochondria i oko ma luna o ka halepaahao i ka ikehu pono ai. He ka pāʻili lahilahi i ka nui'ūhū eiiieaenu i synthesize adenosine triphosphate. Eia ka ikaika o Nine Inch paa ana ua hoohuliia i ikehu-waiwai ATP kamaʻilio. Eia kekahi, ma na mitochondria hele cleavage o momoma nāʻakika a me carbohydrates me ka hookuu ana o ka ikaika, a ua waiho waho, a hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ka ulu a me ka hoʻololi kemikala.

Kūlokoʻikepili ka Poakolu organelles kapa mua. Ua maupaʻa He komolima o ka DNA a me ka RNA, uuku ribosome. Interestingly, na mitochondria - ke kalaka nui-hana nona iho organelles, no ka mea, ka mea hilinai ma ka functioning o ka halepaahao, akā, i ka mea ia manawa, hiki ke malama i kekahi kuokoa. Pela, ua hiki ke synthesize kā lākou mau nā polokina a me nā'ūhū, e like me ka paʻi ma luna o lākou iho la lakou.

Ua Ua manaoio ka wā kuu i loko o ka püÿali halepaahao aerobic prokaryotic meaola, e alakai ana i ke kahua o ka ho'ākāka 'ia i luna' symbiotic i mitochondria mai ai. Penei, mitochondrial DNA i ka like 'ole e like me ka DNA o kēia koʻohune a me kumuʻiʻo hoʻololi kemikala ma mitochondria, a me ka koʻohune inhibited ma ka ia antibiotics.

Plastids - na organelles o ka laau aeea

Plastids i nui lawa organelles. Ka mea, e ike wale i kanu keena, a ua hana mai precursors - proplastids loaʻa DNA. pāʻani nō kēia mau organelles kūlana nui i loko o ka pūnao, a kaawale mai ka cytoplasm ma ka papaluaʻili lahilahi. Eia hou kekahi, ka mea i hana i kauoha nenoaiu o na membranes.

Plastids mea o ka ekolu ano.

1. Chloroplasts - oi plastids lehulehu i kuleana no ka kāʻamaʻai ma i ke aloha i huiʻia i hana, a noa ka oxygen. Kēia mau hale i ka luna '' ole, a e hoʻoneʻe i loko o ka cytoplasm ma ka malamalama kumu. I ka papa kuhikuhiE waiwai i ua loaʻa i loko o chloroplasts - chlorophyll, me ka i mea kanu e hoʻohana i ka lā o ka ikehu. It E e hoʻomaopopo i ka chloroplasts i like ke mitochondria semiautonomous hale i Ua incapable o kuokoa mahele a me ka hoʻololi kemikala o kona mau nā polokina.
2. Leucoplasts - colorless plastids, a, ma lalo o ka hana o ka malamalama iho i loko o chloroplasts. Mau aeea eiiiiiaiou hoʻohui pū nā'ūhū. Me ia, monakō koko ua hoohuliia mai, a waiho ia ma ke ano o ka pia granules. Ma kekahi mau mea kanu mau plastids ke loaa lipids a me nā polokina i loko o ka palapala o nā pōaka a me amorphous kino. Ka nui loa ka helu ana o leucoplasts i kia ma na keena o ka lola honua nā loko o nā mea kanu.
3. Chromoplasts - nā mea loaʻa o nāʻano'ē aʻeʻelua o plastids. Ka mea i hanaʻia, ke carotenoids (me ka chlorophyll luku), a he ulaula, he lenalena pahaʻalani. Chromoplasts - hope loa kahua hou 'o plastids. Ka hapanui o ia mau mea i loko o ka hua, petals a me ka Akuma ka lau.

ribosomes

He aha mea he organelle kapaia ka ribosome? Ribosomes i kapaia 'ole-ʻili lahilahi organelle, iloko olaila a mau koena ai (ka poe liilii, a me ka nui subunit). Lākou anawaena mea ma kahi o 20 HI. Ka mea i loaʻa i loko o na keena o nā ano. Kēia organelles o ka holoholona a me ka mea kanu keena, koʻohune. Mau hale i hanaʻia i loko o ka Kora naʻEsau, a laila laila 'o ia i loko o ka cytoplasm kahi i hoonoho ai e wehe ai paha pili i na EPS. Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka waiwai o synthesizing ribosome hana wale ole hui i eiiieaenu, ho okumu i polyribosomes. Ma keia hihia, mau ole-ʻili lahilahi e paa ana organelles elele RNA lātoma.

A ribosome he 4 nā lātoma o ka pa-RNAs, a lakou i ka wahi ponoi, e like me kekahi mau nā polokina. I ka papa kuhikuhiE mea o ka organoid - kaʻohiʻana i ka polypeptide lei, i mea ka mua kahua o ke kumuʻiʻo hoʻololi kemikala. Ka poe nā polokina e i hua mai ma ribosomes o ka endoplasmic reticulum, hiki ke hoʻohana 'ia no ke kino. Nā polokina no ka mea kanaka pono o ka halepaahao i synthesized e ribosomes, a i aia i loko o ka cytoplasm. It E e kaulana i ka mea i loaʻa i nā ribosomes ma mitochondria a me plastids.

aeea cytoskeleton

Ke aeea cytoskeleton hana microtubules a me microfilaments. Microtubules i paukūʻolokaʻa ho okumu 24 HI ke anawaena. Lākou lōʻihi He 100 mm o-1 mm o. Na ka papa kuhikuhiE eiiiiiaiou - he kumuʻiʻo kapaia tubulin. He mea hiki i ka aelike a ua hiki ke luku ma ka hana o ka colchicine. Microtubules i ke aupuni 'o hyaloplasm, a hana i ka oihana kēia:

• ho okumu i'ōlewa, akā, i ka mea ia manawa, i ka ikaika iwi keena, e leie aku ka mea e noho ma kona helehelena;
• komo 'ana i loko o ka puunaue o ka halepaahao chromosomes;
• i neʻeʻana mai o organelles;
• iloko o ka halepaahao iwaena konu, e like me ka pono me flagella a me ka cilia.

Microfilaments - nā huakaʻi i kau ia ma lalo o ka wai kokoʻili lahilahi , a haku o ka kumuʻiʻo actin a myosin. Ka mea hiki ke hoemi, a me ka hopena ia he mea ana o ka cytoplasm a me ka halepaahaoʻili lahilahi protrusion. Eia hou, e komo kēia mau eiiiiiaiou i loko o ke kahua o ka pūhaka i aeea mahele.

Cell oaio (centrosome)

Kēia organelle Ua haku o nā centrioles a me tsentrosfery. Centriole paukūʻolokaʻa shape. Kona mau pā i hanaʻia ma ka ekolu microtubules, i merge i kekahi i kekahi Via crosslinks. Centriole hui i hoonohonoho ma ka'ākau, pana pua i kekahi i kekahi. It E e hoʻomaopopo i ka mea kiekie oia ka mea kanu keena nele i kēia mau organelles.

Ka papa kūlana o ka halepaahao oaio - kaulike i puunaue ana o chromosomes i aeea mahele. He mea nō hoʻi i ka piko o ka hui ana o ka cytoskeleton.

organelle ana

E lawe organelles neʻeʻana o ka cilia a me ka flagella. He moku ka ulu o ke ana ma ka palapala o ka heluia na lauoho. Flagellum 20 maupaʻa microtubules. Kona kahua o Nyos i loko o ka cytoplasm, a ua kapaia ka basal kino. flagellum lōʻihi He 100 ka m a oi. Flagella, i mea wale 10-20 microns, kapa cilia. e hiki ke oscillate, e kauoha ana i ka neʻeʻana o ka halepaahao ka hāʻuleʻana o ka microtubules cilia a me ka flagella. Ke cytoplasm ke komo contractile fibrils, i ka poe i kaheaia myofibrils - ia organelles holoholona keena. Myofibrils mea ana i hoonoho ai ma ka Muscle keena - Muscle keena, e like me ka pono me ka keena o ka naau. Ka mea, he poe uuku olona, (protofibrils).

It E e hoʻomaopopo i ka myofibril laulau komo o ka pouli puluniu - Ua anisotropic iwi kuamoʻo, e like me ka mea o ka Naauao - ia mea isotropic nā pā. Mall pa alima o ka myofibril - sarcomere. Kēia wahi ma waena o ka anisotropic a me isotropic pā hōkū i loaʻa actin a me ka myosin filaments. Me kā lākou gliding sarcomere hua'ōlelo i, e hiki aku ai i ka neʻeʻana mai o nā mea a pau i ka Muscle olona. Ua hoʻohana i ka ikaika o ka ATP a me ka kalipuna Ion.

Me ke kōkua o ke flagella protozoa a me ka spermatozoa neʻe maila holoholona. Cilia nō i ke kino neʻe ciliate-kamaa. I na holoholona a kanaka uhi ka mea, pneumatic Hawaiian Airlines, a kōkua i ka pakele ana i ka palaoa particulate mea e like me ka lepo. Eia hou, ma laila nō pseudopodia i i amoeboid ana i na kumu o na mea he nui unicellular meaola a me nā holoholona (e laʻa me, leukocytes) keena.

hiki ole loa kanu neʻe i loko o ka lewa. Lākou mau neʻe i loko o ka ulu, lau neʻe a me nā loli i loko o ka pele aeea cytoplasm.

ka hopena

I loko nō o kaʻano a pau o nā keena, ka mea a pau i ka like 'ole a me ka hui. 'Ole a me ka hana ana o organelles i'ālike waiwai, kaulike maʻamau hana me he hookahi halepaahao, a pau meaola.

ua hiki ka hoike i kēia kumu penei.

Table "organelles o eukaryotic keena,"

organelle	kanu aeea	zooblast	walaʻauʻana oihana
kāna mau 'ōlelo	mea	mea	Ho'āhu DNA, RNA EKOLU a me ka kumuʻiʻo hoʻololi kemikala
endoplasmic reticulum	mea	mea	hoʻololi kemikala o nā polokina, lipids a me carbohydrates, i ka hoʻomāhuahua o kalipuna Ion, Golgi luna 'ho okumu
mitochondria	mea	mea	ATP hoʻololi kemikala iho nā'ūhū a me nā polokina
plastids	mea	ole	komo i loko o kāʻamaʻai, ka hoʻomāhuahua o ka pia, lipids, nā polokina, carotenoids
ribosome	mea	mea	kaʻohiʻana i ka polypeptide ke kaula gula (kumuʻiʻo hoʻololi kemikala)
microtubules a me microfilaments	mea	mea	ae i ka halepaahao, e malama i kekahi shape i ka integral hapa o ka halepaahao oaio, cilia a me ka flagella i neʻeʻana mai o organelles
lysosomes	mea	mea	digestion o 'ona i loko o ka halepaahao, luku kona hua'ōlelo i makemake hale a komo i loko o ka reorganization o aeee i autolysis
he nui kikowaena vacuole	mea	ole	Ua hoʻolako ka halepaahao paia anakahi uila accumulates ka mahuaola a me ke kelepona hele neoneo huahana, e yiaeaiiacaaeneiie a me phytohormones, like hoʻi me pigments, he wai? Aieeeua
Golgi eiiieaena	mea	mea	malū a accumulates nā polokina, lipids a me carbohydrates, modifies ka māhuaola komo i ka halepaahao, ua kuleana ia no ka ho okumu ana o lysosomes
cytocentrum	laila, koe nae kiekie mea kanu	mea	He ka piko o ka hui ana o ka cytoskeleton, hoakakaʻaʻahu chromosome segregation i aeea mahele
myofibrils	ole	mea	i ka ho'ēmiʻana i loko o Muscle'aʻaʻa

Inā na hopena a, ua hiki ke olelo aku i ka loaʻa nā nīnūnēʻokoʻa ma waena o holoholona, a kanu keena. Ma keia hihia i ke kanu'ōiwi nā hiʻona a me organelles (i ka papaʻaina i hōʻike ma luna, keʻae i ka mea,) i ka mau hui rula. Ke aeea oihana like me ka wahi a me ka noniakahi kahua. Ma keia hihia, organelles oihana i interconnected, a nona e pono ai ke hana, a malama ana aeea viability.