He aha mea he X-Ray fluorescence Ka Ikepili?

XRD (X-Ray fluorescence Ka Ikepili) - iaoiaeii o physical Ka Ikepili, i pono e hoʻoholo iʻaneʻane a pau Nine Inch nā kumumea i loko me ka pauka, wai a me ka paa mea.

hana o ka i

Kēia hana i ke ao, no ka mea, ua nānā 'ana ma luna o ka hoʻokēʻai a me ka maʻalahi hāpana hoʻomākaukau. Loaa i kekahi papa hana hoʻomano hoʻohana ma ka hana a me ka noiʻi. X-Ray fluorescence Ka Ikepili iaoiaeii i ka weliweli manawa, pono no ka loa luna 'Ikepili o okoa? Aneie mea, e like me ma ka pono hooponopono o ka auaiaea, a ma ka Ikepili o ka pau huahana, a heʻiʻo maka nō mea.

moʻolelo

X-Ray fluorescence Ka Ikepili i ho'ākāka 'ia ma mua i loko o 1928 ma nā kānakaʻepekema - Glocker a me Schreiber. Ka mea hāpai mīkini iho ua kukulu no hoi iluna wale i ka 1948, nä känaka 'epekema Friedman a me Burkes. E like me ka mīkini hopu ka mea hewa, ka mea, i ka Geiger eea, i hoike mai kiʻekiʻe pā lonoaʻili me ka pili ana i ka'ātoma helu o ka hehee ai Kora naʻEsau.

Helium a holo 'ia i loko o ka noiʻi ano i hoʻohana' ia ma 1960. Mākou hoʻohana 'ia, e hooholo i ka malamalama hehee wale. I ka hoʻomaka 'ana e hana nā pōaka o likiuma fluoride. Mākou hoʻohana ia no ka diffraction. Rhodium a me ka chromium şarkı i hoʻohana 'ia no ka excitation waveband.

Si (Li) - likiuma 'Aeʻa silikone mīkini hopu ka mea hewa i invented i ka makahiki 1970. Ua 'oi aku ke kiʻekiʻe pā lonoaʻili o nāʻikepili a' aʻole i koi i ka lawe ana o ka punahelu. Naʻe, i ka ikehu olelo hooholo o keia pa alima ua ino.

Hana nona iho mākau hapa a me ka kaʻina hooponopono hala kekahi kaʻa me ka Hekikai o kamepiula 'ē aʻe. Management lawelawe 'ia he panel ma o ka noonoo maalea, a me ka kamepiula pōkole. Maalea no ka Ikepili o ka lilo no laila, i lohe nui mahalo i ka mea i komo i loko o ka misionari "Apollo 15" a me ka "Apollo 16".

Ma ka manawa, hookahi wahi a me na moku a hemo i loko o ka lewa, i hoʻolako pono me kēia mau manaʻo. Kēia i mea e hiki ai, e huai ae, a kālailai i ka Nine Inch haku mele 'ana o nā pōhaku o ka Ű.

Ke ae pā o ka iaoiaeii

Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo XRF Ka Ikepili mea e hana physical Ka Ikepili. E kālailai keia ano hiki e likeʻoʻoleʻa kino (aniani, mea hiki ke hooheheeia, pālolo, lanahu, pohaku, ea) a me ka wai a (aila, kakolina, pāʻoihana, pena, ka waina a me ke koko). I ka papa hana e leie aku e hooholo loa haʻahaʻa nā hoʻohui like, ma ka pae ana o ppm (kekahi hapa no miliona). Nui, i ka 100% o ka hāpana, ua haawi aku lakou ia lakou iho i ka noiʻi.

Kēia Ka Ikepili mea i ka hoʻokēʻai, a me ka palekana 'ole-luku i ke kaiapuni. Ua loaʻa kiʻekiʻe reproducibility a me ka pololei o kaʻikepili. Ka papa hana apono 'kalaka nui-quantitatively, qualitatively a quantitatively huai ae a pau kumu mua i ka mea i loko o ka hāpana.

Ke ae pā o ka X-Ray fluorescence Ka Ikepili iaoiaeii ka poe noonoo ole a me ka straightforward. Inā ka terminology mākou haʻalele aʻe, a ho'āʻo e wehewehe i ka iaoiaeii ka uuku, e huli mai. I Ka Ikepili ua lawe mai ma luna o ke kumu o ka hoʻohālike o ka pāhawewe, a ua loaa ia ma ka irradiation o ka'Ātoma.

Aia He He kaʻina o nā ikepili i keia manawa, i ike ia. Hoʻohālikelikeʻia i nā hualoaʻa me kēia mau 'ikepili, ka noiʻi manao ana i kekahi hapa o ka hāpana.

Ka naau kupono, a accessibility o kēia manaʻo ae oe, e pili ia i ka hua'ōlelo o ka papa anuʻu loa kaiʻimi loa i ka lewa, wa, okoa haʻawina i loko o ke kahua o ka moʻomeheu a me nā kilokilo ana.

rula o ka hana

Kēia papa hana ua muli ma ka Ikepili o ka pae a ua loaa ia ma ka waiū i ka mea e hookolokoloia ana, X-kukuna.

Ma irradiation'Ātoma i ka pīhoihoi moku'āina, i ua pu ma ka hoolilo ana o electrons i ka quantum pae o kiekie mea. Ma keia wahi, ke'Ātoma mea he manawa pōkole wale nō, e pili ana i ka microsecond 1st, a laila, e huli hou i kona lepo, moku'āina (mālie henua). I keia manawa, electrons ma ka pahale mawaho Kahuli, piha paha hakahaka makahiki hakahaka, a me ka loa ikehu hua mai i loko o ka palapala o ka photons 'ole' ē aʻe ikehu ho'īli electrons, Aia ma luna o ka pā leho (i kapaʻia Auger electrons). I keia manawa, kēlā'Ātoma ke hookuu aku oia i kekahi photoelectron ikehu i ka mea he ikaika nui. No ka laʻana, hao i irradiation ma ka X-kukuna kī ana photons like Ka 'ole 6,4 keV. Alaila, i ka helu o ka quanta o ka ikaika a me ka hiki ke ike ma ka 'ole o ka mea.

pāhawewe kahi

X-Ray fluorescence Ka Ikepili ano o ka metala i ke kumu no ka hoola iho ai me isotopes o okoa hehee wale, a me ka X-Ray paipu. Ma kēlā me kēia aupuni, likeʻole e pono ai no ka wehe 'ana o kekahi waiwai i K'lauea isotopes, niioaaonoaaiii, i hana ia lako a makemake e hoʻohana m-Ray Tube.

Oia paipu i nā keleawe, a me ke kala, rhodium, molybdenum 'ole' ē aʻe anode. Ma kekahi wahi, i hiki, no ka anode ua koho ke kaumaha ma muli o ka hana.

O kēia a me ka anakahi uila no kekahi mau oihana mua i hoʻohana meaʻokoʻa. Light hehee mea lawa paha kana e noiʻi ana anakahi uila 10kV, kaumaha - 40-50 kW, meakino - 20-30 kV.

Iloko o ke ao o ka malamalama hehee wale ka nui hopena ma luna o ka pae mai i ka hoʻopuni ihola lākou i ka lewa. E emi keia hāpana kanawai i loko o ka kūikawā keena ua waiho ia ma ka holo makahiki a ua piha i helium. Pīhoihoi huahelu? Aaeno? He kūikawā mea - mīkini hopu ka mea hewa. Ma pehea kiʻekiʻe spectral olelo hooholo o ka mīkini hopu ka mea hewa hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka pololei o ke kaawale ana o photons o okoa nā kumumea mai kekahi i kekahi. ʻO wai ka mea o ka loa pololei olelo hooholo ma ka 123 eV. X-Ray fluorescence Ka Ikepili mea kani, keia laulā paa mai i ka 100%.

Once iho i loko o ka photoelectron anakahi uila ka lāʻau ikiʻai a ua helu kūikawā helu uila no, ka mea, ua i hiki ai i ke kamepiula. Ma kuahiwi i loko o ka pae, a haawi i ka X-Ray fluorescence Ka Ikepili, oluolu e qualitatively hooholo a hehee wale ai LB aʻo hāpana. I mea e pololei hooholo i ka laupaʻi ka maʻiʻo, e pono e noiʻi i ka pae i loaa i loko o ka kūikawā polokalamu o ke ana. Ka polokalamu ua hana ia ma mua. No keia mea, ho'āʻo Eia kekahi laʻana, no ka haku mele 'ana o ka i ua ikea keia ma ka mua me ka kiʻekiʻe pololei.

Aloha kau, i ka kūpono pae o ka hoao ana waiwai ua like ia me ka mea i ike haʻahaʻa. Penei loaa 'ike ma o ka haku mele' ana o ka waiwai.

kūpono

X-Ray fluorescence Ka Ikepili iaoia e leie aku Ka Ikepili:

• Eia kekahi laʻana, no ka nui a me ka nuipa a negligible (100-0,5 mg);
• koʻikoʻi ka ho'ēmiʻana palena (1-2 kauoha o ka nui malalo o RFA);
• i Ka Ikepili e lawe i ka mooolelo o ka likeʻole o ka ikehu quanta.

Ka Laʻana mānoanoa, a ua hoolilo i ka hoʻokolokolo 'ana i, e ole e oi aku 1 mm o.

Ma ka hihia o keia nui hāpana hiki ke uhi pū kiʻekiʻe keʻano o ka hanaʻana i loko o ka hāpana, me:

• mau Compton hoopuehu, aʻano nui kŰlń ao mastritsah malamalama piko;
• bremsstrahlung o photoelectrons (ka poʻea pau i ka plateau o ke kāʻei kua);
• excitation ma waena o nā kumu, a me ka fluorescence omo, i pono interelement? iaea spectra i aaioee.

ke keakea

Kekahi o ka mea nui keakea - ka ka manaʻo pohihihi, i ua pu ma ka makaukau o ka lahilahi Eia kekahi laʻana, e like me ka ikaika e pono ai no ka 'ole o ka mea. No ka mea like hāpana pono e loa keia o ke huna nui a me ka kiʻekiʻe uniformity.

Kekahi drawback mea i ka iaoiaeii ua ikaika nākiʻi i nā ana hoʻohālike o (kūmole Eia kekahi laʻana). Kēia hiʻona mea, he pono ole i pau ole-luku ki ina hana like.

palapala noi hana

X-Ray fluorescence Ka Ikepili ua hoʻomano hoʻohana 'ia i loko o na kula. Ua Ua hoʻohana 'ia,ʻaʻole wale nō ma ka' epekema, a ma ka wahiʻoihana, akā, i loko o ke kahua o ka moʻomeheu a me nā kilokilo ana.

Ua Ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o:

• Hoomalu ana o ka 'āina a me ka kālaikaiaola ma ka lepo, e hooholo i ka mea kaumaha ke hooheheeia, e like me ka hōʻike iā lākou i loko o ka wai, sediment, kekahi mau aerosols;
• Mineralogy a Geology lawe mai laupaʻi, a qualitative Ka Ikepili o nā minelala hao, soils, pohaku;
• ka Nine Inch hana a me ka metallurgy - mana i ka pono o ka maka mea, pau huahana a me ka? iecaianoaaiiie kaʻina;
• Pena hana - kālailai o ke alakaʻi i HW;
• Jewelry hana - ana i ka lehulehu o ka waiwai ke hooheheeia;
• aila hana - 'ike i ke degere o ka mea hoʻohaumia o ka aila a me ka wahie;
• ai hana - hooponoponoia ia mea,ʻawahia ke hooheheeia ma kaʻai a me ka ai nā mea hoʻohui;
• mahiai - kālailai kumumea nā kumumea i loko o kekahi soils, e like me ka mahiʻai huahana;
• Archeology - hoʻomaka elemental Ka Ikepili, e like me ka ka launa pū o ka loaa;
• oe - alakai aku ia ao sculptures, pena, hoʻomaka i ka hookolokolo ana o nä mea a me kā lākou Ka Ikepili.

Gostovskaya noho

X-Ray fluorescence Ka Ikepili o GOST 28033 - 89 kumu hoʻohālikelike a mai 1989. Ka palapala ka pela mai nā nīnau e pili ana i ke kaʻina hana a pau. Ma muli naʻe o ia ma luna o nā makahiki he ua nui kapuwaʻi i ka holomua o ka hana, ke palapala nei nō pili.

E like me ke GOST hookupaa hoahanau kaʻana like 'ana mahele lako. Nā 'ikepili e hōʻike' ia i loko o ka papaʻaina.

Papa 1. Lākiō o ka nuipa a hapa

koho ma'ikamu	Mass mahele,%
luaipele	Mai 0,002 i 0,20
silikone	"0,05" 5.0
molybdenum	"0,05" 10,0
Titan	"0,01" 5.0
cobalt	"0,05" 20,0
chrome	"0,05" 35,0
niobium	"0,01" 2.0
manganese	"0,05" 20,0
vanadium	"0,01" 5.0
tungsten	"0,05" 20,0
phosphorus	"0,002" 0,20

Ka lako a hoʻohana

X-Ray fluorescence spectral Ka Ikepili ua hana ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka kūikawā i hoʻomākaukauʻia, a me nā kiʻina hana loa. I waena o nā 'ana i kūpono a me nā mea i hoʻohana ma o ka GOST helu' ia ma:

• multichannel spectrometers a me scanners;
• Kuʻu Home I-sanding mīkini (wili-wili, 3B634 type);
• ʻili wili mīkini (÷ 3E711V);
• hoʻohewa-kua lathe (÷ 16P16).
• ana iwi kuamoʻo (GOST 21963);
• elektrokorundovye abrasive huila (50 grit pālolo ligament, paakiki St2, GOST 2424);
• Wili ili (pepa, Type 2, ka SB-140 papa (P6), ka SB-240 (P8), BSH200 (P7), fused - maʻamau, grainy 50-12, GOST 6456);
• Kōmike'eto waiʻona (rectified, GOST 18300);
• argon-methane ukuhiia.

Malihini e ae, ka mea hiki ke hoʻohana 'ē aʻe mea a me ka lako a pan ana e hoʻolako i ka pololei Ka Ikepili.

E hoomakaukau ai, a koho ana i kekahi laʻana e like me GOST

X-Ray fluorescence Ka Ikepili o ke hooheheeia mamua e ikea ai komo ai kūikawā hoʻomākaukau o Eia kekahi laʻana no ka hou 'ana.

Aʻo ua lawe mai i loko o kela ano keia ano i kūpono.

1. Surfaces e e irradiated, hoʻokala. Inā he mea i pono ai, alaila, ua holoi iho me ka waiʻona.
2. Ka hāpana ua paa i kaomi ma luna o ka pa alima puka. Inā o ka ili o ka hāpana Ua lawa, ka kūikawā nā palena pili.
3. Ke spectrometer Ua makaukau no ana i kulike ai me na olelo ao no ka hana.
4. X-Ray spectrometer ua calibrated hoʻohana 'ana i ka hae hāpana, a hoʻopili like i GOST 8,315. Hoi kekahi poe kanaka no ka ana ke hoʻohana i ka homogeneous hāpana.
5. Helu Kuisa: ua lawe mai i ka liʻiliʻi Elima oʻu hahau ana. A pau keia ua hana i hoohana ia no ka spectrometer i kekahi mau lā.
6. I ka hoʻokō 'hai calibrations mea hiki ke hana mau e puhi ia o ke ana.

Ka Ikepili o ka hopena a me ka lawelaweʻana i nā

XRF Na Huaolelo e like me GOST komo ai i ka helu o ka laua hooko o mau ana, e loaa i ka analytic peahi o kēlā me kēia hehee ai malalo i ka hooponopono ana.

Ua 'ae' ia e hoʻohana i ka hōʻike o ka mākau hopena a me na discrepancies o laua ana. I ka pālākiō o na huahelu hōʻike i nā ikepili loaa ka hoʻohana 'ana gradirovochnyh ano.

Inā ka like aku i ka allowable concurrent ana, ia mea e pono e 'oe i ka Ka Ikepili.

Ua mea i hiki ke hana i kekahi ana. Ma keia hihia, he laua mau Ana pili i ka hāpana o ka'ōhui ua kālailai.

Ka hopena hope ua manaoia e ia i ka makemakika mawaena o na ana elua hanaʻi iloko o laua, a me wale kekahi ana hopena.

Kaukaʻi o nā hualoaʻa mai ka hāpana kona mea e like

No ka rentgenfluorestsentnogo Ka Ikepili kali ia mea me ka pili ana i ka waiwai i loko o nā hale a i hehee ai ua 'akomi i wale. No kekahi mau waiwai e mōlina i laupaʻi ka loaʻaʻana o kekahi mau oihana mua.

A nui kūlana ke pāʻani i ka'ātoma helu, i mea ka hehee ai. Ceteris paribus hou paakiki e hooholo i nā kumu o ka malamalama, a kaumaha - maʻalahi. Eia hou, i ka ia hehee ai ka hiki pono e hooholo ia ma ka malamalama mua, aole i mua loa.

Alaila, o ka iaoia hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka mea e like ai o ka hāpana wale i ka loa i ka hehee ai e komo i loko o kona haku mele 'ana.