History o Arkhangelsk, kona hale, alanui, kia hoʻomanaʻo i

Arkhangelsk - ke kahiko kulanakauhale o ka Russian North, nui ka awa a me ka moʻomeheu waena. Aia he mau manawa ia i ka wā e manaoia kekahi o nāʻano nui like o ka aina. Akā,'ānō, i ka Hawaiian Sea ala i ole, ua hōʻoki aku, a me ke kulanakauhale mau, e pāʻani i kekahi mau manamana nui i loko o kona ulu ana. I ka moolelo o ka luna'ānela, e e hai mai i ka pauku.

Hoailona a me Kholmogory

I ka moolelo o ka hanana o luna'ānela hai mai ai i ka aina hanau o ke kulanakauhale, ua kauoha aku ka hoailona Mihaila Arhangela, Aia ma luna o ka Cape Pur-Navolok. Ka mua iki o ka mea pili i ka 1419 (no ka mea,ʻaʻole i ka leʻaleʻa - ka memo e haʻi o ka pio ana o ka hoailona ma na Swedes). Kokoke i ka pā, e like me ka ua i ka hana maʻamau i loko o ia mau la, o ka hale i kekahi mau kauhale -ʻauhau a me nā mōneka mālama a hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka hihia i e hoomalu ana i ka hoailona pakaua. Akā, oi kekahi 'a me kaʻiʻo i loko o ia mau lā i ke kauhale o Kholmogory (i kapa e like me ka aina hanau o M. V. Lomonosova), ke aupuni' kokoke. A hiki i ka waena o ka XVI kenekulia, ka mea, ua he kūloko kulai.

Pelekāne, Ivan Grozny, hemp, lāʻau ...

I ka moolelo o ka luna'ānela (kiʻi o keia kulanakauhale nui oe ke ike i ka 'atikala) mai nei ia i ka 1553 ma ke kaiāulu o Kholmogory hiki mua English luina. Ka Beritania, ua kuhikuhi hoihoi i loko o ka manawa kūpono o ke kūʻaiʻana Lūkini laau a me canvas no nā aliʻi no ka holo a me ka hemp no ke kaula, - ka mea, ua i ke au o kokololio? Acaeoey o ka Beritania Moku. Kholmogory akā, 'aʻole pono hoʻomākaukau no keia mea - he lepo North Dvina hala he nui kai-e hele ana na moku.

No laila, ua koho ka Beritania i ka wahi a puni o ka hoailona - aole hiki ke hele mai ma ke kai. Koi hana kokuaia - a hiki i ka wahi o ka waiwai kuai o ka waiwai i Lūkini poe kuai. Ka hooponopono hoʻomaka e ulu, he mau haole nā hale hana a me ka poe kalepa 'aee. Ke hou kūlanakauhale i kapaʻia Kholmogorov, i ia manawa oia i ka mea wale nō piha-fledged Lūkini seaport.

Ma nānaina o keia Ivan Grozny, kona hoahanau, me Kuekene ua i ka mea maikaʻi, aʻu i hele ai i ka hoʻoikaika 'ana i o ka hou kalepa waena. Mau luna i kauoha i koke "e ke kulanakauhale", i mea e kūkulu ma New Kholmogory hooikaika hiki ke hoʻomalu iā hiki ho'āhewa wale ma ka Swedes. Hoʻopaʻapaʻa me keia alii ua i waiho - na kiaaina Makuakane no ka makahiki, a ma ka 1584 ma Cape Pur-Navolok ua he pā kaua me ka piha kumu, moat, hale kiaʻi a me nā puka pā. Ma lalo o kona malu o ka haole nā hale hana, he o kēlā waʻa, a ua mahuahua kūloko Lūkini heluna (kekahi manawa, no ka naau a me ka hoʻoikaika). Uaʻikeʻia strelets ka pā kaua piha Posad.

i hoʻokeleʻeleu kulanakauhale ola ua wale wā i nā kānaka kūʻai mai akoakoa mai anaʻaneʻi maiʻEnelani, a Holland, a kūʻai mai Vologda, Moscow, Kholmogory. ʻIliahi ua brisk - a hiki i ke kaʻao Frensis Dreyk, ka Ma lalo o'akimalala, kaheaia mahalo i ka Lūkini kālepa no deliveries o ka lako a pan a hiki i ka Beritania moku kupanaha. I ka 1596 ka mea, hoomaka ae la i ka mōʻaukala o ke kulanakauhale o Arkhangelsk, mai no ka manawa mua i loko o ka palapala i olelo ia i kona inoa (inoa o ka hoailona, a haawi aku i ke kahua i ke kulanakauhale). I ka 1613 ka inoa lilo kūhelu.

Window i Europa

Ae, ka mea ola mua Peter I (i ua, aho, hana ma keia ua 'Eulopa mea he puka ole, a me ka papalua puka), a hoʻokauwā maila na lākou ponoia mai Arkhangelsk. Ma ka XVII kenekulia i ke kulanakauhale i hoakaka ia 60% o ka haole kalepa huli o Rusia. E like me ka aina i hoʻohala ai isolationist kulekele, i ka 1667 i ke kulanakauhale i hai aku i ka waleʻoi kahi 'ae' ia e hele i ka aina e kuai moku. Ka mea, ua mai a ka Petrine au.

Hana mikiʻala ke aliʻi palua kipa i ke kulanakauhale, a noho no ka lōʻihi manawa. Ma Arkhangelsk Peter mua i mai i ka moana, mua nō i hoʻoili i ka hanaia'na o ka mua Lūkini kalepa "kumpanstv". Ke alii Ua hoi ka "makua" no ka Arkhangelsk shipbuilding - ukiuki o ia mea a pau Lūkini waiwai hoʻolilo hele wale aku no i ka moku haole. Kona hana i loko o ka moku'āina, hele mua, a laila, i ka'āina o ka mua ponoi shipyard. hoomaka moku no hoi i ka mea hoʻolilo'ikamu - ka mea, olioli, a me ka nui helu kuai ia e nā malihini. Ka mea, ua i na pono o ka mea opiopio Baltic'auwaʻa kaua.

Ma ka lānai hou ike "i ka puka a hiki i Europa" mākou i loaa, a i ole kono i nā mea i loko o Rusia - i loko o 'ana, ka Swedes. Mai ka Hawaiian War, o Petero i malama i ka maluhia o ka'ākau kālepa kekahi. Pela ka mea iʻikeʻia i ka pōhaku i loko o kēia mau wahi regular mua Novodvinsk hūlili. I ka 1708, (na aina i ia manawa i 8 a hiki i ka pau a) o Petero iā Arkhangelsk kūlana o ka moku'āina waena. Eia naʻe, ma ka 1722 ke alii hâʻawi wale ka Arkhangelsk kalepa no St. Petersburg - Ua papaia e mea hoʻolilo ma luna'ānelaʻano o ka waiwai.

Hawaiian Way

Akā, i ka pau ana o keia olelo hooholo i ua. I ka moolelo o ke kulanakauhale o Arkhangelsk Hoomau iho la lakou. Kekahi mau huahana hiki nō ke laweia mai, a hoʻolilo. 'Imi hana Petrine Solombalskaya shipyard e kūkulu moku no na pono o ka aina, a no ka kuai. I ka 1762 Ana II Ua wehe kapu ma ka oihana. Ma ke ala, ulu i ka nahele hana a me ka lāʻau aaioee (me ka mea i ka manawaʻaʻohe āna i koe, e manaʻo e pili ana i shipbuilding). A pau ke aloha a me ka Hoikehonua - i hoʻoili ai ia "Hawaiian blockade" oʻEnelani, hoi, ua ka pilina i ke kūpono 'ana o ke kuai. Arkhangelsk ua he nui hoʻomalu-oaio? A, ia ikea he gymnasium, he hana keaka, a me ke aupuni ka mua e neeaaia.

ka mea, ua hoi he noiʻi oaio - keia wahi aku, hele aku ma luna o ka huakaʻi na luina e imi ana i ka manawa kūpono e hoʻokele ma ka Arctic kapakai o Rusia. Chichagov Rusanov Pakhtusov, Sedov - Ua hoouna hou aku 200 kaua kiʻi e kaua mai Arkhangelsk e noiʻi i Russian North. ʻOiai ua mai 1916 i ka waiwai o ka awa o luna'ānela, hina iho la (ua he hou, oi hoʻohana-launa hau-noa awa - Murmansk) hele aku la i ka icebreaker "A holo, akā, ka mea, ua iʻaneʻi i ka 1932 Siberians ", ka mea e hoʻokele i ka hooiaio ana i ka Hawaiian Sea ala hele i loko o kekahi hoʻokele kau.

Mākou auhau o ka luna'ānela, kona mōʻaukala mea o ka hoihoi ana i kona poʻe e noho ana, a me na allies o ka USSR i ka Nui Patriotic War. No ka hala loa o ka lōʻihi manawa i ke kulanakauhale ma ka mea o ka wale (no ka mea, o ka mea pilikia kulana home 'ole i loko o Murmansk) awa hiki o ka loaa ana "Arctic convoys" - he squadron o ka waiwai a me ka koa moku e haawi aku i ka Soviet koa, ipu, a me ka waiwai ma lalo o haawi lilo ole-Pili. Kekahi awa no ka man- akia, e loaa ia convoys hoʻokani i ke kaulana ArcticʻImi Loa ID Papanin.

Arkhangelsk, ka mōʻaukala o na mea i hala i ke kumuhana o ko mākou ka loiloi 'ia, koe kekahi o nāʻano nui ioauoa o ka Hawaiian Sea ala a hiki i ka keia lā. I Soviet manawa, i ke kūlanakauhale 'Imi ulu ua, hoonee aku i ke kālā no hale hakuloli i ka'ākau ana.

naʻi i ka hewa

Eia naʻe, mai ka hale kahiko o ke kulanakauhale koe loa uuku. ua ke kumu no ka mea kūkuluʻia ka hapanui o ka laau. Ke kumuhana o ka like o kana oihana i loko o ka wahi mua, hoi, ua i ka laau, e like me ka pono me ka lole olona, a hemp - mau loa flammable mau mea. No laila, i ka kŘpuna ahi ma Arkhangelsk he commonplace. Ma mau, i ka 1667 loa puhi ia, a me ka hoailona, a haawi i ke kulanakauhale kona inoa. E like me he kula ia ma hope hoʻihoʻi, akā, i loko o ka hou wahi, aku, mai ka Mokuna kūlanakauhale oaio (ma ka Cape manawa koina i ka mea hoʻomanaʻo stele wale nō ka hoʻomanaʻoʻana i ka aina hanau o ke kulanakauhale).

Aka hoi, i ka hoailona i ke kulanakauhale i wale i ka inoa, ka mōʻaukala i hoomaka ma Arkhangelsk höʻailona o. I na hoailona i hoolaa ai i ka Mihailu Arhangelu,ʻikeʻia no kona lanakila maluna iho o ka diabolo. Kēia moʻolelo a depicted ma ka höʻailona o. No ka mea manawa mua ua loaʻa ia i kekahi kiʻi i loko o ke kino mooolelo o Petero -ʻo ia ka mea, ua he sketch Arkhangelogorodskaya hae o ka regiment. Mai 1722, keia kapa o na mea kaua i hoʻohanaʻia ke kūlanakauhale, akā, me ka apono ia (ma mua Michael i depicted ma ka pāpale aliʻi, akā, ma hope ka mea, ua "i loko o ka wikiwiki"). Ka oihana hoike ua hapa o Ana ka moku'āina mihi i ka 1780.

I Soviet manawa, Arkhangelsk i ke kapa ana o na mea kaua a me ke kiʻi o ka moku - i ka poe haipule 'aneʻi, ua maikai. Akā, i ka 1989 ka mea i hoihoi hou ia ka palapala kapa o na mea kaua. Michael ma ka uliuli lole a me ka eleele luku aku i ka diabolo depicted i loko o ka melemele kula. Ke kapa ana o na mea kaua nô kêia i ka lanakila o ka pono ma luna o ka hewa.

Nä känaka 'epekema a me kamana

Ka loa kaulana kia hoʻomanaʻo i o Arkhangelsk nā kiʻi M. V. Lomonosova a me Tsar Petero. Ua - na hana a kaulana kākau (Ivan Martos a me Antokolsky niioaaonoaaiii). Ka mea, e kau mua o ka kipi (i ka makahiki 1832 a me ka 1914). Mikhail depicted i loko o ka Classic aa koko, aneane Roma haku mele. Akā, Arkhangelsk Peter ka loa okoa, mai ko lakou "hoahanau". Kēia mea,ʻaʻole he autocrat,ʻaʻole he uwa maila, i ka Auguseto, "ka mea i hoala Rusia no ke dia," a me ka "Peter ke kamana zaandamsky" kino Kākoʻo kikeke mai o ka pau hao-hou moku.

Hoaai, mai ka hala

Uhukiia ma ka Petrine au lau a me ka mōʻaukala o Arkhangelsk hale. Ke kahiko o kēia mau koʻi kaua lāʻau ekalesia ma Zaostrovye (ka hopena XVII kenekulia) hana cubic 'ole. Ano, i ka mea e, ua hoihoi hou ia; i ke kauwela hana e e pau. Ua hiki ke ike i ka i koe iho o ka Novodvinsk pakaua, kahi i loko o 1701 o ka poʻe koa ma lalo o ke kauoha o ka opiopio waiter Sylvester Ievleva ku e aku la i ka hoouka ana o ka Swedes. Kēia hanana ser. "Young Rusia" Ua hoolilo ai i ka Soviet'āina.

Ua ola kekahi mau hana hoihoi hale o hope manawa - Trinity Church (. I ka waena o ka XVIII kenekulia), ka Admiralty hale (1820), i ka Ekalesia o Martina Ispovednika ma ka mokupuni Solombala (1803). Aia i loko o ke kulanakauhale, a he mau elemakule lāʻau hale, ma i kanaka nō e ola. Mawaena o ka mōʻaukala kia hoʻomanaʻo i o Arkhangelsk - Surskoe farmstead, e hana ana i ka Lutheran ekalesia, a me ka laau hale o ke kālepa Shavrina, kahi i keia la ua aia ka Kamaliʻi Kino. Pili I Ka waiwai Arkhangelsk Hoʻohanohano kēia mau hale mea hoʻonani o ke kulanakauhale.

Malihini mai ka wā e hiki mai

Hoikehonua, hale emi pinepine e launa mai compliments, akā, ma ka lapuwale. Ae, he nui poe kanaka i hauʻoli i ka dominance o ikona-oaio? A "flashy" helehelena. Akā, no ka mea, he akea alanui me ka noho Ensemble o ka Soviet au hou ua huli i ka hōʻailona o ke kulanakauhale, e like me ka wa kahiko hale. Ma kekahi, ua e kamailio e pili ana i ka Ensemble alahou ana alanui. Na kamaaina e olelo aku nei ia mākou e ole nema aku ana i ka Soviet kuhikuhipuʻuone (keʻokeʻo house- "ihoiho" ua kapaia "hoʻokiwikā anela"), a kau i ka hou sidewalks, upgrade i kou wahi ulu lāʻau, maemae facades, a hoolei i ka'ōpala unsightly hoʻolaha hae. A laila, i ka Soviet hale hou lilo i kumuhana o ka haaheo o ka townspeople.

Ka mea, ua kokoke mai noonoo ana i ka 'ole o ka meaola ku - he laekahi keʻokeʻo hale i loko o ka moʻolelo no keia mea uliuli a me ka keʻokeʻo waihoʻoluʻu. Akā, i ka loa kaulana laekahi hale ma Arkhangelsk - "skyscraper" i loko o ka 24 palaoa. No ka New York a Chicago mea ridiculously liʻiliʻi, akā, ka mea, ua i kūkuluʻia ma luna o ka luna 'o ka akau soils. Kūkulu "skyscraper" i ka makahiki 1984 me ka hoʻolaha ma mua no ka mea hiki mau hana. Aka hoi, ia neo? Aaiiai? Kekahi mau manao poʻe, a me ka manawa ua hoʻohana 'ia ka hale me ka oihana kikowaena, a me ka ke keʻena luna o ka Arkhangelsk wahi.

Ma ka aoao o ka ekolu

Mea moʻolelo alanui o Arkhangelsk. Kekahi o ia (oia hoi, ma ko lakou mau inoa) paakiki Hawaiʻi hopena. Historical inoa noonoo kekahi ka imperial moku'āina a me ka haipule ideology, a me nā hiʻona o kūloko ola. Alaila, i ke kulanakauhale i alahou ana, ka Trinity, ka berena Street ka Makai,. A he mau no hoi ka 'ōlelo Palani, Hawaiian, Lutheran, Norewai, Kirochnaya (mai ka hua'ōlelo "Lutheran Church") - kēia mau inoa i kākau i loko o ka wa o ka haole kalepa eha.

Loa na mea he nui o na alanui o ke kulanakauhale ke kaena o ka pau papa o 4-5 inoa. Lakou hoʻololi i ideological kumu (i ke alahou ana ma Soviet manawa ua o Engels 'inoa, a me Trinity - Vinogradov, he lâlâ' o ka lele aku la o ka Winter, ka luna koa o Severodvinsk muliwai'auwaʻa) wale no, aka, i ka pili ana me ka ka kūkuluʻana a me ka renovations (ka mea, ua ike i ka muli o Kuznechevskaya kaula - Perm - Suvorov hiki ole ke wehewehe ma Communist iho me ka noʻonoʻo).

Ma hope iho o ka'opi o ka Soviet Union, kekahi o na alanui la mōʻaukala inoa hou. Pinepine manawa ma Arkhangelsk leo o ka poʻe i'ōlelo i ka piha "de-communization" o ke kulanakauhale, a me ka hoʻopau o Karla Marksa Kāleka, Rosa Luxemburg, Chelyuskintsev a me Uritsky. Akā, i ka hapanui o nā makaainana kū'ē. Ua Ua lōʻihi Ua ole hou o ka poe no ka mea a ka mea kahiko inoa, he kanaka maoli a me ke kālā no Archangelsk, maʻa i ka prospectus Chumbarova-Lucinschi (ma ke ala, i kēia promenade, hele wāwae alanui) aole maopopo ole oia e huli mai ke kumu i ka nui Meschanskuyu a Middle Avenue. A i ka ole, e hōʻike i ka mea i ka renaming i hookahuli ai i ke amo? Ooia a me ka palapala o ke kakau ana'ōnaehana (i nui, hale noho pono a me ke kakau ana palapala o nā hana a me ka hoʻonohonohoʻia).

kupono Initiative

Ma kēia mau ana, ua hōʻike pono o ka mahalo a me ka hoomaikai nei Initiative Arkhangelsk moʻolelo. Ma kekahi o na hale e ku ana ma ka mōʻaukala alanui, ka mea, ua pili nā nameplates i kēia mau alanui a pau i kekahi mau manawa. No hoʻomalu muli o, ka mea, i koi 'ia kēia mau hōʻailona, akā, kōkua malama, a lawe mai i ka noonoo ana o ka townspeople iaiyoe o ke kahiko wahi inoa Arkhangelsk.

A keleawe Pavlin Vinogradov, a kū ma luna o ke alanui Trinity ... Well, keia leo hone ke kālā no alanui, a ua makemake oiaio ua makemake ka hoʻokahuli aupuni luina ...

Pela no oe i ka moʻolelo o ke kulanakauhale o Arkhangelsk (pokole). A, ano, ua ike no ia i na manawa i ike i ke kulanakauhale nani a me ka poino, a me ka nui auaneʻi ...