I ka mokuna o Norewai a me Rusia: History a me ka Modernity

Mokuna, a wawahi ia i hookumu i ka mea o nā kaua a pau manawa. Mai ka manawa o Kievan Rus, kona pono neighborly ana a me nā'āina a me na alii a pinepine hoʻohanohano like rusichi ia lakou iho, a me na kanaka.

Ua uaʻAʻole pinepine oe ke hālāwai ka lōʻihi a me ka ikaika pilina ma waena o nā aupuniʻelua, akā, ka mea, ua ka ua hoʻopili Rusia a me Norway. Ke koke o kēia mau Hawaii kākaʻikahi hele ma kēlāʻaoʻao o ka noho aloha pūʻae like hoʻokuʻu ma kahai. Ike maopopo ana i keia mea ma ka mokuna o Norewai a me Rusia, i ka 190-makahiki lā hoʻomanaʻo o i hookahakaha ma May 2016.

I ka moolelo o ka pili aloha ma waena o Norewai a me Rusia

Vikings kapa Kievan Rus Norwegians, Danes a Swedes. E hoʻomaka ana mai 10th ke kenekulia, ka mea, he mau hapa o ka "hoa" o ka'ōpio moku'āina, e like me ka mea ua pinepine papapau pu dynastic ka mare ma waena o nā aliʻi dynasties. No ka laʻana, Yaroslav Mudry haawi aku i kana kaikamahine Elizabeth no ka mea Norewai King Harald, popularly haawi ia ia e like me "formidable". He Ua mare ai i ke kaikamahine a Kuekene King Olaf.

Norman kauna, ua i nā aliʻi o Kiev, a kaua mai me ia e ku e ka Pechenegs, a hiki aku la i Byzantium. He nui no ia i loa noho iho i loko o Novgorod, Kiev, Chernigov a me na aina e, a ua assimilated me ka kūloko heluna. No laila, Hawaiʻi Hawaiʻi kenekulia-kahiko aloha ma waena o Norway a me Rusia.

Loli ai i ka Norewai mokuna Kievan Rus

I ia manawa, ke aupuni palena pinepine hoʻololi lākou mokuna, ma ka pili ana i ka holomua 'ole i koa paipai aʻo kai eʻe, ka mea, "Ua hoʻoneʻe" like me ka mare haawina. No ka laʻana, a hiki i ka waena o ka 11th kenekulia ka mokuna ma waena o Rusia a me Norway i wahi ma Lyngen Fjord, 50 ei hou a hiki i ka hikina o kaʻiʻo nō o kēia kūlanakauhale o Tromsø. ʻO ia Yaroslav Mudry like me ka mea e uku aku ai i kana kaikamahine, a haawi mai la ia lakou a pau ma ka aina a puni i ka Alta Fjord (e i ka aina o Finnmark).

Similar mare na mohai, i ua maliuia mai ia ma nā mea a pau Europa aliʻi dynasties, no laila, i ka mea ulu i loko o ka palena o ka kela mau ma ka lilo o ko lākou mau'āina i ole he quirk o ka Luna Duke.

Kēia mokuna o Norewai a me Rusia koe ia a hiki i ka hapalua like-13th kenekulia, iā Alexander Nevsky, ka mea ma kekahi mau manawa āna i aliʻi ai ma Novgorod, ka Kiev, laila, i loko o Vladimir,ʻaʻole "pahu" kekahi hapa o ka'āina i loko o ka lokomaikai o ka'ākau hoalauna. An na laina, oia hoomaka ia Tanaforda.

Mai ka 1397 Norway lilo kekahi hapa o ka Kalmar Union, i mea ma lalo o ka pilikino rula o Denemaka na'lii, a me ka mokuna e like me ka mea i hana ma waena o Rusia a me Unia. Ka mea, ua mai a hiki i 1523, oiai ka hui ana i ole uhai aku i no ka'ōhumu mai me Kuekene.

Russian-Norewai palena mai 17 a hiki i 19 kenekulia

I ka 1603, loli he e ana i ka palena ma waena o nā aupuni elua, e like me ka mea i ae like ma waena o Boris Godunov a me Karistiano 4, ke alii o Denemaka a me Norewai (1577-1648 makahiki). Wahi a ia mea, he hou laina ua ia e paa kola lehelehe, a Tanafordom ma ka Varanger fjord (Bay o ka Barents kai, a hoʻokaʻawale i ka Peninsula o Lawaiʻa a me Norewai Varanger Peninsula).

Akā, e like me ka lā i loko o Rusia, ua vague, a me ke aliʻi i koke pepehi, i ka olelo aelike i ole, ua pūlima. I ka mea nana wale nō hoʻi i loko o 1684, akā, i nā hua'ōlelo o ke kaawale ana o ka mokuna ia i ua auou caiaiai me ka hou poʻe. E like me ia mea, Rusia a me Norway i like nā pono kīvila ma luna o ke kola Peninsula a me ke koena o ka aina hoopaapaa.

Pela, ua iā lākou i nā aupuni elua mau panalāʻau e noho a ohi auhau ma laila, akā,ʻaʻohe o lākou i ole makemake e hoʻomōhala ia seriously. A hoomau iho la oia i ka nui me 130 o kona mau makahiki, oiai Norway ua i hele mai mai o ka papa o ka Denemaka, a hiki ma lalo o ka rula o Kuekene.

Mai 1814 a hiki i 1826 ka mea, ua hoomau ka maopopo 'ana ma kēia mau aina, e like me ka kūhelu mokuna o Norewai a me Rusia i ole, ua hoʻokumu.

aelike 1826

Kēia 'aelike i ka hopena o ka nui hana i hana ia e ka poeikohoia o na aupuni elua. E like me ia, i ka'āina a i loihi i ka ho'ānoʻole, hele aku la Norway. Pilikia mea kuhikuhi pono mau hae, no ka mea, i loko o kēia mau panalāʻau mea maʻa mau noho, Kaneohe, a me Skolt Sami.

Ua koi 'ia o ka aina palena ma waena o Rusia a me Norway i lawe i ka mooolelo o ka pono o kēlā me kēia lāhui kanaka.

• Lapps kenekulia he lawaiʻa;
• Sami, ka mea i noho ma ka mauna, hana ma ka reindeer herding;
• i makemake ole Skolt e haʻalele lākou Orthodox ekalesia i kukuluia ma kā lākou mau kūpuna 300 makahiki aku nei.

ua hele akuʻaneʻane i kekahi makahiki mai, e lawe i ka mooolelo a pau pomaikai, a me May 14, 1826 palapala noa i ka ' "Convention ma ka moku'āina palena ma waena o Rusia, a Norway ma churchyards Lapland" Ua kakauinoa ia i loko o St. Petersburg, helu Nesselrode mai Rusia a me Niels Palmstierna, Kuekene-Norewaiʻelele.

Ma ka hoomakaukau ana i ka palapala kekahi pilikia i ka mokuna o Finland.

Palena mai Finland

Ka hapa nui o ka hana ma luna o ke kaawale ana o ka Norewai-Russian mokuna i Valerian Galyamin lutanela colonel o ka poe kaua Lūkini, he lâlâ 'o ke kaua Turkish, ka artist, a me ka luna hoʻokele o ka imperial Porcelain hola.

Mai ka mea pono,ʻaʻole wale i kona talena like me ka pena, e kikoo aku i ka hou Mezhuyev ma ka palapala'āina ma waena o nā aupuniʻelua, akā, i kalaiaina akamai pū nō hoʻi e like me ka demarcation he i ka pono o ka aina ekolu.

Palena o Rusia, Norway, Finland, a ua hapa o ke aupuni a pau, i laweia mai ma kekahi mau wahi. Ma kaʻaoʻao Lūkini mea hala ae, mai ka waha mai o ka muliwai a hiki i kona kumu vorem, a hou aku komohana i ka Ekalesia o Boris, a Gleb, a laila, ma ka hema a me ka muliwai a hiki i Rayyakoski Paz.

Ma Finland (ka hema o ka palena) mea paakiki e hiki mau o ka Kanal Groove ma kekahi mau puʻu, a me nā muliwai o ic ?? a hiki i ka mauna Kolmizoyve-Madakiedsa hoʻomau i confluence Skaareiok inflow o ka muliwai Tana.

Ma ka mokuna wahi ka mea, ua lilo i kahi o ke ahiahi, i ka 1751 g. Kōmi palena ma waena o Norway a me Duke o Finland. Ma hope ona i mua undivided aina Lapland. Ma keia palapala ana i ka mokuna a hiki i ka 20th kenekulia.

Loli ma ka 20th kenekulia

Ma ka 20th kenekulia ka mokuna o Norewai a me Rusia kekahi mau manawa hoʻololi kona helehelena, a me keia mea i pili i nā hanana koa, a me ka kālai'āina, i keia manawa i paʻa kūhohonu loa. Ua hiki e kaulana i ka loli i loko o nā palena o kēia manawa paha:

• Mai 1920 a hiki i ka makahiki 1944ʻo ia i hana i ka Norewai-Pinilana palena ma ka pili ana me ka withdrawal o Finland, mai Rusia i pau ai i ka 1918 a me kona hoʻohui'āina o Petsamo Apana.
• hou aelike a me ka paa Soviet-Norewai mokuna i kakau inoa ma ka makahiki 1947, a me 1949, kekahi me kekahi.
• Mai ka makahiki 1991, Norway i ka aina palena me Rusia, kona kūʻokoʻa 'ana ua ike ma hope o ka Soviet'opi.
• An 'aelike ma delimitation o ka Barents kai, a me ka Arctic Ocean ma waena o nā aupuniʻelua i kakau inoa i ka makahiki 1993 a me ka 2011.

Inā i ka'āina ma ka Lūkini-Norewai palena mea puni, i ke kaawale ana o ka moku'āina o ke kai no aneane 80 makahiki i Ua controversial.

malina palena

Ke hoopaapaa kai palena me Rusia - Norwayʻikeʻia i loko o 1926, ka wā o ka Soviet Union hai aku kekahi hapa o ka Barents kai, a me ka Arctic Ocean lākou unilaterally. None o keia mokuna ua i 'ike, akā, no ka mea, hoi, i ole makemake i ke kaua.

Ua Ua pio 175.000 ei ² Norewai wai, a me ka mea, i ka pili aloha ma waena o nā aupuniʻelua i hoka ai. I ka 1976, Norway i hoʻoholo ole i ka lag hope a unilaterally hai aku i kēia mau panalāʻau e noho lākou.

Ka mea wale nō mea i hiki alleviate ka Makamae kulana home 'ole - o ka' aelike ma ka ami ana o ka hoopaapaa ?? eoi? I loko o ka hana lawaiʻa. Kekahi 'ā ina a me ka aila-ka hana i ka hana i loko o kēia mau wahi i banned.

I ka makahiki 2010, i kakauinoa ia ke kuikahi ma waena o Rusia a me Norway, ma lalo i ka la mahope, e kiʻi hoʻi i ko lākou wai i loko o ka Barents Sea a me Arctic Ocean.

palena i keia la

I ko kakou manawa, i ka lōʻihi o ka Norewai-Russian mokuna o 195,8 ma luna o ka'āina a me nā muliwai, a 23,3 ei o ke kai. Wa e ohi ai ma na 90s o ka 20th kenekulia pa ma waena o nā aupuniʻelua hoihoi hou i ka 2016 ma Norway.

Kūlana pale pa e ia i ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai i ka puka i loko o ka Schengen ciia nā mea pakele.