Voloshin, Maximilian Alexandrovich: Kawaihae, makakū hooilina, pilikino ola

Voloshin Maksimilian (makahiki o ke ola - 1877 - 1932) - haku mele, artist, kākau moʻolelo no, ka palapala, ai manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni. Voloshin - he pseudonym. Kona maoli inoa - Kirienko-Voloshin.

Noho 'ana kamaliʻi, ka haumāna makahiki

I ka wā e hiki mai haku mele i hanau ma Kiev i ka makahiki 1877, 16 (28) o Mei. Kona paternal kūpuna, he Zaporozhye Cossacks. Ma ka makuwahine i loko o ka 'ohana, he mau kēia kanaka Kelemānia, Russified i loko o ka 17th kenekulia. Maximilian ka liu o kona makua kāne 3 makahiki. Ma Moscow, i kona kamalii a me adolescence o ka haku mele. Kona makuahine i ka 1893, loaa ma Feodosiya kahi kokoke i Koktebel aina. Eia, i ka 1897, Voloshin Maksimilian puka 'o ia mai ke kula kiʻekiʻe. He komo i ka Moscow University ('āuna kumu - Law). Maximilian me ka haumāna i 'ole ma ka hoʻokahuli aupuni hana. He Ua komo i loko o ka February 1900 All-Russian haumāna hahau. E like me ka hopena o keia, e like me ka ka welelau o ka manaʻo pīhoihoi, a "io nānaina o ko ke ao nei," Voloshin Maximilian i kaulia ana mai ke kula.

omaka Hotele

I mea e pale aku i kaʻino hopena, hele aku la ia i ka hana o ke alahao ma ka Akuma ka o 1900. Voloshin i kēia wā, hope kapaia ka "kuleana manawa" i hoʻoholo ihola i kona uhane ola wā e hiki mai. Ma ka hana,ʻo ia manaʻo i ke kahiko, East Asia, ma ka Europa moʻomeheu.

Naʻe, ka mea, ua 'Imi familiarizing Maximilian a hiki i ka piʻi like o Western Europa,' imi naʻauao a me ka noʻeau moʻomeheu o ka hele mua i ka pōʻino AIM o ka haku mele ia lilo. He ua i loko o nā makahiki 1899-1900 i loko o Italy, France, Greece, Kuikilana, Germany, Austria-Hungary. No Maximilian o Laielohelohe Paris. Kēia mea ma kona ike ana i ka piko o Europa, a nolaila ka paʻa ka uhane ola. Maximilian Alexandrovich hoi, mai Asia no ka makau o hou na ka hoino anei,ʻo ia nō, e hele i ke Komohana.

Life ma Paris, hoi ka hele ana, "o ka haku mele o ka hale" ma Koktebel

Ma Paris, Voloshin Maksimilian (kona Hawaii photo hōʻike i loko o kēia 'atikala) kipa kekahi mau manawa i loko o ka manawa mai ka 1901 a hiki i 1916, aʻu i noho ai' aneʻi. Ma waena o, ka haku mele i hele "i ke kahiko Kaiwaenahonua ao nei." Eia hou, oia kipa hōʻeaʻana aku i loko o nā Lūkini mau poo. Voloshin ma ia manawa noho i loko o kona "haku mele ka hale" ma Koktebel, a i huli i loko o kekahi ano o ka moʻomeheu iwaena konu, he wahi o ka hoʻomaha a me ka puuhonua palapala, ai 'waiwai. G. Shengeli, unuhi a me ka haku mele, kapa aku la ia i "ka Cimmerian Athens". I kekahi mau manawa i loko o kēia hale kipa e Andrei hōʻole lākou, Vyacheslav Bruce, Alexei Tolstoy, Maxim Gorky, Nikolay Gumilev, Osip Mandelstam, Marina Tsvetaeva, Khodasevich, E. Zamyatin, (Kaonohiokala) Ivanov, Chukovsky, Mikhail Bulgakov a me na mea he nui kekahi poʻe kākau moʻolelo, Artists a me nä känaka 'epekema.

Voloshin - he palapala, ai 'manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni

E like me ka palapala, ai 'manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni Voloshin Maksimilian i kona Debut i ka 1899. Ma ka puke pai "Lūkini manaʻo" hele mai i kona wahi ka loiloi 'ia me ka inoa. Ma May 1900 i ka lōʻihi 'atikala ma hope mai "Ma Pale Kaua o Hauptmann" i paʻiʻia ma ka puke pai ia. Ua Ua kakauinoa ia "Max. Voloshin." Kēia 'atikala i kekahi o ka mea mua i loko o Rusia manifestos o modernist aesthetics. Ma hope iho ua hele i kona mau 'atikala. Total Voloshin kakau iho la oia ia 36 - ma Lūkini moʻokalaleo, 35 - ma ka 'ōlelo Palani a me Russian Theatre, 28 - e pili ana i ka' ōlelo Palani moʻokalaleo, e like me 49 'atikala e pili ana i nā hanana o ka Palani nohona kuʻuna. Ka mea, i aponoia, a haʻi maila i nā mea noʻeau nā loina o ka modernism. Voloshin hou ka palapala, ai kŰia o ko mākou aupuni (ka oi aku i ka ai-kapaia makakū kaikaina Symbolists) hoʻolauna ma ka pōʻaiapili o Contemporary Europa moʻomeheu.

Voloshin, Maximilian Alexandrovich, kona Kawaihae mākou i mea e hopohopo nei, ua hoi i ka palapala, ai 'Agena, Point, entrepreneur, uwao ae la ia a me ka hoʻopuka puke akamai "kaumaha", "Scorpio" a me Sabashnikovyh poe hoahanau. Kona hoʻonaʻauao nuʻukia, ua haawiia i Hoʻomana Buda, kilokilo, Catholicism, theosophy, occultism, freemasonry. A pau keia i Maximilian i loko o kāna hana ma ka maka aniani o ke akamai. I ka pau,ʻo ia mahalo i "ka pathos o ka manaʻo" a me ka "poetry o nā manaʻo", no laila kona mau 'atikala ua e like poem, a me ka poem - ma ka pepa (ka mea, i mai la Ehrenburg, ka mea i hoolaa ai i kona (essay) paʻiʻia ma ka 1923 i loko o ka puke "kiʻi o Contemporary haku mele") .

Ka mua Verses

Ma mua,ʻaʻole nui poem kakau iho la Voloshin, Maximilian Alexandrovich, he haku mele. Kokoke a pau o ia i hoʻokomo i loko o ka buke, iʻikeʻia i loko o 1910 ( "poem, 1900-1910"). Lima "jeweler", "oiaio haku" ike ia Bryusov. Voloshin manaʻo ihola lākou mau kumu virtuoso poetic Ka lula ea Ke Zh, M. Eredia, Gauthier listen AL. Haku mele o "Parnassian" mai Palani. Kā lākou mau hana a pau i loko o verlenovskim counterweight i ka "mele" ao ao. Keia anoʻike hoʻokumu Voloshin hiki e wahi i kona ohi mua, e like me ia i ka lua, a ua hōʻailonaʻia mai e Maximilian ma ke kakahiaka nui 1920s, a i ole, ua paʻi. Ua Ua kapaia "Selva oscura". Ua komo ka poem hana i loko o ka manawa mai ka 1910 a hiki i 1914. Ka hapa nui o lakou i hele mai i loko o hope i loko o ka buke i waeʻia, aʻikeʻia i loko o 1916 ( "ivernit").

Kohoʻia ma luna o Verhaeren

Ua hiki e lōʻihi kamailio e pili ana i ka hoʻokumuʻiaʻana o ia ka haku mele me Voloshin, Maximilian Alexandrovich. Kawaihae ua hoʻoʻuluʻulu manaʻo i loko o kēia 'atikala kekahi mua wale nō ke kumu o kūʻiʻo e pili ana ia. It E e hoʻomaopopo i ka pono pili aupuni kohoʻia o ka haku mele i mai ke kinohi o ka 1st World War, E. Verhaeren. Brusov unuhi o kona kua i loko o ka 1907 'atikala "Emile Verhaeren a me Valeriy Bryusov" Maximilian i na hoopai ana i kŘpuna noʻonoʻo loi. Voloshin iho unuhi Verhaeren "mai kekahi mau wahi o ka Hawaii" a me "ma kekahi mau manawa." Pili ana i ka ia, ia summed i loko o kona puke ma ka 1919, "ka Hopena.ʻike hoʻokumu Verhaeren., Ka unuhi 'ana."

Voloshin, Maximilian Alexandrovich - Lūkini haku mele kakau iho la poem e pili ana i ke kaua, ka poe. Hookomoia ma ka ohi i ka 1916 "Anno mundi ardentis", ka mea i hoʻi mai kēlā wahi ma ka hoʻoikaika verhanovskoy poetics. Ka mea, hoʻokō 'i nā kiʻi a me nā' ana i kūpono a poetic rhetoric, a ua lilo ia i hale hānai hiʻona o ka pau poetry Maximilian hoʻokahuli aupuni manawa, i ke kaua kūloko a mahope makahiki. Part o poem kākau i ia manawa, i paʻiʻia ma ka 1919 o ka puke "daimonio kuli", i kekahi hapa i paʻiʻia ma ka 1923 ma Pelelina ma lalo o ka inoa "poem o ka weliweli." Naʻe, i ka hapanui o kēia mau hana i koe ma ka puke moʻolelo.

Official ka hoomaau

I ka 1923, ua hoʻomaka 'hounding Voloshin mai o ka moku'āina. Kona inoa ua poina. Ma ka USSR i loko o ka manawa mai ka 1928 a hiki i 1961, he hookahi laina o ka haku mele, aole ia e hōʻike i ka puka. A lohe o Ehrenburg i ka 1961, haahaa haawiia keia i loko o kona mau memoirs no Voloshin, ia koke triggered i ka papa ana A. Dymshitz, nana i kuhikuhi i ka mea i Maximilian ua decadent o ka nīnūnē, a reacted negatively i ke kipi.

E hoʻi i ka Crimea, ho'āʻo ana e uhai i puka

Ma ke kupulau o 1917, Voloshin hoi aku la i ka Crimea. Ma kona moʻolelo pono'ī nova iho o ka makahiki 1925, palapala iho la oia ia ia i haʻalele hou ia, me ka e ole emigrate mai i kekahi mea ola,ʻoiai. Mua, i aku la ia ia, aole ia e hōʻike mai i kekahi o ka paio ana paha, akā, e ola ana wale nō Rusia, a hana i loko o laila; a ka mea kākau ihola ia ia i nele i ka noho i loko o Rusia a o ka hopena. Voloshin House, Aia ma Koktebel, i noho i ka hospice oiai ke Kanawai ke Kaua. Here ka mea, loaʻa puuhonua, a pee mai ka ka hoomaau, a keʻokeʻo luna, a me na luna o kaʻulaʻula. He Maximilian kākau ai i loko o kona 1926 poem "ka hale o ka haku mele." "Red Alakaʻi" ua Bela paha. Wrangel ana ua hee o hope,ʻo ia ma o kāna mau hoʻolālā pololi a me ka weliweli Holo i ka pacification o ka Crimea. Apparently, me ka uku no ka harboring ka Kuhn iloko o ka Soviet au Voloshin hale i hookoeia mai ai, e like me ka pili maluhia ae nei. Eia naʻe,ʻaʻole hoʻi i kona kānaka apau i mākaukau, aole oia i manao V. Veresaeva, influential i ka manawa,ʻaʻole hoʻi i keʻano o ka mihi a me ka noi mai hoopii ia L. Kamenev, a pau-mana ideologue (i ka makahiki 1924) i i kōkua Maximilian wanaao ae i ka puka.

Mauʻaoʻao Voloshin manao

Voloshin i kākau i ka pauku no ka mea, o ka mea wale nōʻaoʻao o ka hōʻike manaʻo. A lele lokahi mai la lakou ia ia i loko o nāʻaoʻao. First - historiosophical (i ka hopena o Rusia, na hana o ka i lawe ia ia pinepine conventionally haipule 'ia nā pōpō). Ka lua - Anati-mōʻaukala. Ua hiki e kaulana kalapona "aoao o Kaina", a lewa i ka manaʻo o ke ao anarchism. Ka haku mele i kākau ai i loko o kēia mau hana, ia paha ke aneane a pau o kona pōʻai manaʻo, a he hapanui io. It E e hoʻomaopopo i ka nui ironic leo o keia pōʻaiapuni.

Ike a me ka unrecognized huahana

Incoherence o ka manao, ano o Voloshin, alakaʻi pinepine i ka mea i kona mau puke i haku ai i ike kekahi manawa me ka grandiloquent melodeclamation ( "Preosuschestvlenie", "Hemolele Rusia", "Kitezh", "ka Time o ka poe anela," "The Wild Field"), aestheticized punditry ( "Cosmos "" leviatana "," Tanob "a me kekahi mau hana'ē aʻe o ka" aoao o Kaina "), pretentious stylization (" Dmetrius-Emperor "," Archpriest Habakkuk, "" Sana Seraphim, "" Legend o Inoke Epiphany "). Aka hoi, e hiki ke olelo mai i na mea he nui o kona poe poem o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni wā ua, ua ike i ka hulina a kūlike loa poetic hoike (e like, typological kiʻi "Bourgeois", "speculator", "Ka Red" listen'ōlelo., Lyrical hoakaka "ma ka lalo o ka lua ahi" a me ka "makaukau "rhetorical masterpiece" Hikina ─kau "a me nā hana).

Articles e pili ana i ke akamai a me ka pena haʻawina

Ma hope o ka kipi, o kana hana me ka oe manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni i kāpiliʻia. Naʻe, Maximilian ua hiki ke hoolaha 34 'atikala ma ka Lūkini he kilokilo, e like me 37' atikala ma Palani nō. Kona mua monographic hana laa i Surikov, hoopaa mai ai i kona waiwai. Ka puke "ka Uhane o ka Kokika" Ua waiho paʻa hapa. Ma luna o ka mea Maximilian hana i loko o ka makahiki 1912 a me ka 1913.

Voloshin i i pena i ka mea e hoʻoponopono i ka 'oihana e pili ana i ka pilikia makapō au kahiko. E like me ka mea i huli mai, oia ua he mohai anei artist. Crimean watercolor Landskap, hooko aku la me ka poetic palapalaia maluna penei, lilo iho la ia i kona mau punahele Ke 'ano moʻokalaleo. I ka 1932 (11 August) ma Koktebel make Maximilian Voloshin. Pōkole Kawaihae mea hiki ke inā me ka 'ike e pili ana i kona kino ola, hoihoi' kūʻiʻo mai a mākou i lawe mai ma lalo iho nei.

Mea kūʻiʻo hoihoi mai i ka paulele i ka hoʻomana ola Voloshin

Reuʻela,ʻo ia Voloshin a Nikolaya Gumileva i paʻa ma luna o ka Black River, i ka kekahi ma kahi Pushkin pana aku la ia Dantes. Eia kekahi i ka '72 a ma hope no hoi no ka wahine. Eia naʻe, ua mālama laila hoʻopaʻi i ke kaulana haku mele mau, mea he Gumilev Nikolay Stepanovich a me Voloshin, Maximilian Alexandrovich. I ka haku mele, ka mea nona Hawaii photo ua hoike mai ia ma lalo nei, - Nikolai Gumilyov.

Ka mea, e pana no ka mea, Lizy Dmitrievoy. Ua hele i ka papa staroispanskoy a Old Palani moʻokalaleo ma ka Sorbonne. I ka mua o ke kaikamahine pio Gumilyov. He lawe mai iā ia e kipa Voloshin ma Koktebel. He alakai hewa lakou i ke kaikamahine. Nikolay Gumilyov waiho me ia i ikeia hana wale. Eia naʻe, ua hoʻomau i kēia moʻolelo ma hope o ka manawa, a me ka ho'ōla alakai i ka Reuʻela,ʻo ia. Ke aha ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi i ka hopu i ka puleʻana o Gumilev a me Voloshin - a hiki i ka lā hoʻokahi.

Ka mua wahine Maksimiliana Voloshina - Margarita Sabashnikova. Me ia, oia hele haʻi'ōlelo ma ka Sorbonne. Ka mare, nae, koke haule kaʻawale - moe ihola ia i loko o ke aloha me Vyacheslav Ivanov. Kana wahine? Aaei Sabashnikova ola ekolu. Naʻe, ka ohana o ka "houʻano" i 'Aʻole e holopono. Kana wahine elua i ke kahu Maria Stepanova (kiʻi ma luna), mālama i nā kūpuna makuwahine o Maximilian.