Ikeia Artic explorers

Artic haʻalele manaʻo kanaka i ka huli ana o ka XIX a me XX kenekulia. Kēia paakiki-i-maka hoʻokolokolo daredevils mai na aina: .. Rusia, Norway, Kuekene, Italy, etc. ka mōʻaukala o ka loaʻa o ka Arctic - mea ole wale iao?, Akā, i ka haʻuki heihei i mau a hiki i kēia lā.

Nils Nordenskiöld

ArticʻImi Loa Nils Nordenskiöld (1832-1901) Ua hānau i loko o Finland, laila, no ia Rusia, aka, i ka Swede ma ka hanau ana, i kona huakaʻi i mālama 'ia ma lalo o ka Kuekene hae. I kona wā'ōpiopio kipa nuiʻo ia i loko o Spitsbergen. Nordenskiöld i ka mea mua hele 'kēia' o ka Greenland hau pepa. A pau pono-ike noiʻi i loko o ka Arctic hoʻomaka o ka XX kenekulia ua deservedly nānā iā ia e like me ka godfather o kona maalea.

Ke kumu nui e piʻi like ana o Adolfa Nordenshelda i kona huakaʻi no ka North-East Ala i loko o ka 1878-1879 biennium. Ka mokuahi "Vega" i ka mea mua kekahi no ka hele ana ua ma ka'ākau kapakai o Eurasia, a hoopau palekoki nui'āinapuniʻole. Kānaka apau i mākaukau Nordenskjold oaeuiinoe mamo - ua haawiia i ka lehulehu Geographic hiʻona o ka Arctic i kona inoa. Kēia mea me ka pae'āina kokoke ka Taimyr a me ke awawa e pili ana i ka New Honua.

Robert Piri

Name Roberta Piri (1856-1920) - oi loa i loko o ka mōʻaukala o Polar kaua kiʻi e kaua. Ua ua ia - ka mua ArcticʻImi Loa e naʻi i ka North Pole. I ka 1886, i kaʻImi Loa holo mai e kela kapa Greenland ma ka maa aku ai. Naʻe, i loko o ka lāhui, ua nalowale ia Fridtjof Nansen.

Na laila Artic explorers he EXTREMALS e oi hoohalike ma mua o ka mea, i kēia manawa. Akā, uaʻaʻohe kālā no ipu, a loaʻa iā ia nā daredevils e hana aneane blindly. Manao e lanakila aku maluna iho o ka North Pole, Peary ua hoʻoholo ihola i ka huli ana i ke ola a me ka moolelo o ka Eskimos. Mahalo i ka "moʻomeheu mail" American haalele i ka hana o ka moe mauʻeke a me na halelewa. Akā,ʻo ua e akoakoa ai i ka hana ana o ke kūkuluʻana keller.

Home Travel Piri - kona ono huakaʻi i ka Arctic i loko o 1908-1909. Ka hui pū 22 Americans a me 49 Eskimos. Oiai, e like me ka rula, i hoouna Arctic explorers i nā wēlau o ka honua a me ka 'epekema Pahuhopu, ka poʻe Piri iloko wale nō, mai ka makemake e waiho i ka mooolelo. North Pole Ua lilo e explorers April 6, 1909.

Raul Amundsen

No ka mea manawa mua Raul Amundsen (1872-1928) hele i ka Arctic i 1897-1899 GG., Mahea la ia i wahi i loko o ka Aaeuaeeneei huakaʻi, a ua ka hoʻokele o kekahi o na moku. Ma hope o ka hoʻiʻana i kona'āina o Norewai hoomaka ae la e hoomakaukau no ka kuokoa Hotele. Prior i keia, noiʻi o ka Arctic holo nōhie hele me ka nui nâ hui ma luna o kekahi mau moku. Amundsen Hoʻoholo ihola e haʻalele i ka hana.

PolarʻImi Loa kuai i kekahi mea uuku moku peʻa "Joa" a hoakoakoa ae la ka poe koa uuku i hiki kū kaʻawale e kākoʻo ana ia lakou iho ma ka holoholona a me ka 'ohi'. Kēia huakaʻi i ee aku i ka 1903. Ka hoʻomaka wahi i ka Norse Greenland, a me ka mea hope loa - Alaska. Ke'ī mai, ka mea mua Raul Amundsen naʻi i ka Koro Ala - ke kai ala ma ka Hale Arctic pae. Ua i kekahi 'ano kūkaʻi ka pomaikai. I ka 1911, i ka mua PolarʻImi Loa i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ke kanaka i hiki ke South Pole. I ka wā e hiki mai, Amundsen lilo hoihoi i loko o ka hoʻohana 'ana o ka mokulele, me airships a me seaplanes. Ke kanaka noiʻi make i ka 1928, hulina, no ka nalowale huakaʻi o Umberto Nobile.

Nansen

Norewai Fridtjof Nansen (1861-1930) hoomakaʻimi ana i ka Arctic pono no ka leʻaleʻa. E like me ka 'oihana a me ka skater skier, oia ka 27 o kona mau makahiki hoʻoholo ihola i kea-aupuni eu? Iiai i ka nunui Greenland hau chap, a me ka mua ho'āʻo i mōʻaukala.

North Pole i ole i ua lilo e Peary, Nansen, a hoʻoholo i ke kū i ka 'aoʻao wahi, naulu la ia me ka hau ma luna o ka moku kuna "honua". Ka moku i loko o ke pio ana o ka hau akau o Cape Chelyuskin. Polar hui hele aku ma luna o ke Galilaia, akā, ma April 1895, hiki 86 degere akau ka latitu, huli mai la ia.

Hope Fridtjof Nansen ia i komo i loko o ka pioneering kaua kiʻi e kaua. Akā,ʻo ia bapetizo ia iho ma ka 'epekema, e lilo ana he poʻokela zoologist a me ka mea kākau o ka kakini haʻawina. Ke kūlana o ka luawai-ike lehulehu huahelu Nansen īnea nei me ka hopena o ka First World Kaua maʻEulopa. He kōkua nā mea pakele, mai kekahi aina, a starving Volga. I ka 1922, i ka Norewai ArcticʻImi Loa i i hookoia ka Nobel maluhia uku.

Umberto Nobile

Ikalia Umberto Nobile (1885-1978) ua ike ole wale me he PolarʻImi Loa. Kona inoa ua pili me ka gula au mai o airship. Amundsen, ka poe i ku ma ka manaʻo o ka lewa holo ana ma luna o ka North Pole, halawai mai la ia me ka hoʻomalu i loko o ke kula o ka aeronautics Nobile i ka makahiki 1924. Kela manawa, i ka 1926, ka Italia huakai Argonaut Scandinavian a me Amelika eccentric millionaire Lincoln Ellsworth hele aku la i ka epochal mahuka. Ka airship "Norway" hahai mua ano kūkaʻi 'ohua' e aʻe Rome - North Pole - Alaska Peninsula.

Umberto Nobile lilo i aupuni meʻe, a me ka Duce Mussolini i ia mau a me ka honorary lâlâ o ka Fascist Party. Ka pomaikai ua paipaiʻia o ka hou-kūkulu o airships, e hoonohonoho i ka huakaʻi. I keia manawa, o ka mua violin i loko o ka hanana pâʻani Italy (mokulele Polar a me ka ua, ua kapaia "Italy"). Ma ke ala hoʻi, mai ka North Pole airship hekili, hapa o ka luina i make ai, a me Nobile i hoopakele ia ia mai kona hau Soviet icebreaker "Krasin".

Chelyuskinites

Chelyuskinites Alo - he wahi kū hoʻokahiʻaoʻao i loko o ka mōʻaukala o Polarʻimi loa i ka lewa mau kihi. Ua Ua pili me ka pomaikai ole oe hoao e kukulu iho la lakou i ka hoʻokele ma ka Hawaiian Sea ala. Ua Ua hooeueuia nä känaka 'epekema Otto Schmidt a me Captain-Polar Vladimir Voronin. I ka makahiki 1933, hoouna aku la lakou i ka mokuahi "Chelyuskin" a hele aku la ma ka huakaʻi ma ka'ākau kapakai o Eurasia.

Soviet Artic explorers imi iho la e hooiaio ana i ka Hawaiian Sea ala hiki ke hele ole wale ma luna o ka pela hoomakaukauia kaa, akā, i ka mea freighter. O ka holo ana, ia ua he gamble, a ua lilo i mea ike, e hoolilo mai ia i loko o ka Bering pilikia, kahi hau weluwelu i ka moku i hanaʻino akula.

Ka luina o "Chelyuskin" koke evacuated, a ma ke poʻo o ke aupuni Komisina, e hoonohonoho i ka hoʻopakeleʻana o Polar explorers i hanaia. People Ua hoʻi ma ka lewa ka uwapo me ke kōkua o ka mokulele. naʻi i ka moolelo o "Chelyuskin" a me kona mau luina i ke ao nei. Pailota, kānaka hoʻopakele mua e loaa i ka inoa o Hero o ka Soviet Union.

Georgy Sedov

Georgy Sedov (1877-1914) ua hoʻopili i ko lākou ola i ke kai, e like me ke kanaka opiopio, komo Rostov nautical papa. Mamua o lilo ka ArcticʻImi Loa, ia i komo i loko o ka Lūkini-Japanese kaua, i ka wā i kauoha mai ai i ka torpedo moku.

Ka mua Polar huakaʻi Sedov i wahi i ka 1909, ka wā ia i ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka waha o ka Kolyma muliwai. A laila, hookolokolo aku la ia ia i ka mea hou honua (me kona Krestov Guba). I ka makahiki 1912, papa kiʻekiʻe lutanela? Aaeaaaaony i ka tsarist aupuni papahana sledge huakaʻi, i ka manao o ka mea i ka North Pole.

Aupuni hoole e kākoʻo ana risky. A laila, ohi ia kala ia mai o na dala, a nō hoʻonohonoho huakaʻi. Kona moku "St. Foka" i wahi e na hau ma Novaya Zemlya. laila, haule iho la Sedov hana ino me ka puʻupuʻu, akā, pu nō ma kekahi mau hoa hele i ka maa aku ai a hiki i ka North Pole. Polar make Hawaii en ala hele kokoke i Rudolf Island, i kona wahi i kanuʻia.

Valery Chkalov

More pinepine ma mua o Lūkini Arctic explorers pili i na moku, a me ka sleighs'īlio sledding. Eia naʻe, kona makana i ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o Polar hakahaka, a i poʻe hoʻoholo moku. I ka papa kuhikuhiE Soviet ace Valeriy Chkalov (1904-1938) i ka 1937 i ka mua nonstop mahuka mai Moscow a hiki i Vancouver Via ka North Pole.

Buddy brigade luna ma luna o ka misionari lilo ka ke kākoʻo '-kahu moku, Georgy Bajdukov a me ka hoʻokele Alexander Belyakov. Over 63 hola o puamauu-25 i kona hele-lōʻihi 9000 kilomika. Nā meʻe o Vancouver kali reporters mai a puni ka honua, a me ka US Pelekikena Roosevelt kino loaa mau pailota ma ka White House.

Ivan Papanin

Ua aneane oiaio Ivan Papanin (1894-1896) - ka loa kaulana Soviet ArcticʻImi Loa. Kona makua kāne i ka Sevastopol awa poe hana, ia mea e kahaha ko oukou naau i ka keiki i loko o kakahiaka kamaliʻi ho'āʻia kai. Ma ka akau ikea Papanin no ka manawa mua loa i ka 1931, e hoʻopaʻi ana naʻe i ka moku "Malygin" Manuela Josef Land.

Thunderous nani i ka Arctic explorers i hele mai ma ka 44 makahiki o ka makahiki. I 1937-1938. Papanin alakai i ka hana o ka mea mua i loko o ke ao nei naulu la "North Pole" wahi. 274 lā lilo ehaʻepekema ma ka hau, e kiai ana i ka Honua i ka lewa a me ka hydrosphere o ka Arctic Ocean. Papanin lilo i Hero o ka Soviet Union palua.