Ikeia wahi lulu biologists a me kā lākou mau discoveries

A hiki i ka XIX kenekulia, i ka manaʻo o "kālaimeaola" hakuʻole, a me ka poe i hana i loko o ke ao o ke ano, i kapaia o estestvoznatelyami, naturalists. Ano, i kēia mau kānakaʻepekema i kapa aku ai i nā kūpuna o liluwelo Sciences. E hoʻomanaʻo mākou, ka poe i lulu popilikia biologists (a me ka wehe ia pokole hōʻike), i alakaʻi ai i ka hooulu ana o ka kālaimeaola like me ka 'epekema , a me ka mea, waiho iho i ke kahua no ka houʻaoʻao.

NI Vavilov (1887-1943)

Mākou biologists a me kā lākou mau discoveries ike ai i ke ao nei a pau. Mawaena o ka mea kaulana loa - Nikolay Ivanovich Vavilov, Soviet botanist, geographer, breeder, geneticist. He Ua hanau ia ma ke kalepa ohana, ua hoʻonaʻauao ma ka Institute o ka Mahiai. No ka iwakālua o ka makahiki,ʻo ia i alakaʻi 'epekema kāna huakaʻi i këia flora. He Ua hele kokoke i ka poepoe honua holoʻokoʻa koe Australia a me Antarctica. A kū hoʻokahi ohi ana o na anoano o kekahi mau mea kanu.

I loko nō o kona kauaʻana, ua hōʻike 'epekema ka ioauoa o ke kumu o ka mahi mea kanu. He'ōlelo ua loaʻa nō kekahi mau ioauoa o ke kumu. He i kekahi, alahula na makana no ke ao o ka mea kanu e hoʻonele, a hoike kānāwai o homologous puke, i ae la e hookupaa i regularities ma ka evolution o ka laau honua. I ka 1940, i ka botanist, i hopu ia ma ka pu-i 'āhewa' ana o ka aihue. He make i loko o ka hale paʻahao, posthumously rehabilitated.

Ao Kovalevsky (1840-1901)

Mawaena o na paionia 'kūlana' he pono wahi lulu popilikia biologists. A me kā lākou loaʻa poyavliyali ma luna o ka ulu o ka honua 'epekema. Mawaena o ke kaulana i noiʻi invertebrates - Aleksandr Onufrievich Kovalevsky, he biologist a me ka embryologist. He Ua aoia o ia ma St. Petersburg University. He aʻo meaola holoholona, Ho'āʻo ka huakaʻi no ka Red, Caspian, Kaiwaenahonua a me Adriatic Sea. Created Sevastopol meaola liluwelo ku, a ua lōʻihi ia kona mea kuhikuhi. He i kekahi makana nui i loko o ka aquarium.

Aleksandr Onufrievich aʻo embryology a me physiology o invertebrates. He ua he proponent o Darwinism, a aʻo i nā maomeka o evolution. He mālama 'noiʻi i loko o ke kula o ka physiology,'anatomia a me histology o invertebrates. He lilo kekahi o na Mamua o evolutionary embryology a me ka histology.

II Mechnikov (1845-1916)

Mākouʻepekema, biologists a me kā lākou mau discoveries i ua mahaloʻia e ke ao nei. Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov i ka makahiki 1908 ua lanakila ka Nobel lua ma Physiology a Medicine. Mechnikov i hānau i loko o ka ohana o ka luna, i hoʻonaʻauao ma ke kula nui o Kharkov. Ua wehe intracellular digestion, ke kelepona hele e hoʻonele, hoʻohana ai ki ina hana like Embryology, he pono ole ka molekumu o vertebrates a me invertebrates.

He hana ma ka helu o ka evolution a me ka embryology, a me Kovalevsky lilo i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o kēia 'epekema ka ao ao. Mechnikov palapala ua o ka nui i loko o ke kaua e kū'ē i infectious maʻi, typhoid kuni, tuberculosis, cholera. ʻepekema, i hana ia ma ka keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ka poe oo hoi. He manaoio aku i premature ka make e kaʻapu kōheoheo ma microbial hoomake iho no hoi, a iā hygienic ano o ka paio, nui kūlana e hoihoi i ka intestinal microflora hoʻohana haleʻuwī waiū huahana. Russian nä känaka 'epekema i ke kula o ka immunology, microbiology, pathology hana.

Pavlov II (1849-1936)

He aha na makana no ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana i luna ua'emi ko ha awina i ko makou mau kānakaʻepekema, biologists a me kā lākou mau discoveries? Ka mua Russian Nobel makana uwa maila ma ka lapaau ua lilo Pavlov Ivan Petrovich no kana hana ma ka physiology o digestion. Ka nui Russian biologist a me ka physiologist, ua i ka mea nāna i hana o ka 'epekema o luna ua'emi ko ha awina. He hoʻolauna i ka manaʻo o ka unconditioned a me reflexes hoʻoponopono.

Ke nä känaka 'epekema i hele mai, mai ka' ohana o nā kāhuna, a me ka ia i puka 'o ia mai ka Ryazan Theological Kulanui. Akā, ma ka makahiki hope aʻu i heluhelu i ka puke I. M. Sechenova ma ka lolo reflexes, a lilo hoihoi i ka kālaimeaola a me ka laau lapaau. He aʻo i ka physiology o nā holoholona ma St. Petersburg University. Pavlov ka hoʻohanaʻoki lāʻau lapaʻau 'ana i kūpono he 10 makahiki? Anoee i au mamuli o ka physiology o digestion a me kēia mau haʻawina loaa ka Nobel uku. Kekahi wahi o ka hoihoi i ka oi aku ko mākou hopohopo hana, i ke ao o ka mea ana i hoolilo 35 makahiki o ka makahiki. He hoʻolauna i ka walaʻauʻana manaÿo o ka mea 'ano' sciences - a conditional unconditional reflexes kilo.

Koltsov NK (1872-1940)

Hoomau ana i ka theme like o "wahi lulu biologists a me kā lākou mau discoveries." Nikolay Konstantinovich Koltsov - biologist, i hoʻokumu i ke Kula o Hoʻokolohua kālaimeaola. Hânau 'ia i loko o ka ohana Buke Helu. Puka 'o ia mai Moscow University, kahi āna i aʻo me nā'anatomia a me ka embryology, kaʻohiʻana akeakamaiʻikepili maʻEulopa keʻena hoʻokolohua. Hoʻonohonoho 'ia ma ke keʻena hoʻokolohua o Hoʻokolohua kālaimeaola ma ka People ka University Shanyavsky.

Aʻu i aʻo i nā biophysics o aeee, nā kumumea e hooholo kona helehelena. Mau hana i loko o ka 'epekema i kapaia "ka loina hooponopono Koltsov". Koltsov - kekahi o na Mamua o aaiaoe? I loko o Rusia, ka hoʻokuhikuhi o nā keʻena hoʻokolohua mua, a me ka 'Oihana o Hoʻokolohua kālaimeaola. Ke nä känaka 'epekema hoʻokumu ekolu liluwelo wahi. He lilo ka mua Lūkini nä känaka 'epekema i hoʻohana i ke kino ai, a Nine Inch epekema ma liluwelo noiʻi.

KA Timiryazev (1843-1920)

Lūkiniʻepekema, biologists a me kā lākou mau discoveries i loko o ke kula o ka mea kanu physiology ka pilina i ke kūpono 'ana o ka' epekema kumu o ka agronomy. Timiryazev Kliment Arkadevich ua he maoli nä känaka 'epekema, noiʻi a me ka mea hoʻopaipai o ka photosynthetic Darwin ka manaʻo. Ke nä känaka 'epekema i hele mai, mai ke aliʻi ohana, oia puka' o ia mai ke Kulanui o St. Petersburg.

Timiryazev aʻo i ka ninau o ke kanu kino, kāʻamaʻai, panoa e kū'ē'ē mai. ʻepekema mea ole wale maemae 'epekema, akā, i pili nui nui a hiki i ka pili ana o ka noiʻi. He ua ma ka malama ana i ka hoao ana i ka mahinaʻai, a i keʻano o nā fertilizers, a hoʻopaʻa lākou hopena ma luna o kaʻohi. Mahalo i keia ao, mahiai ua i nui strides ma ke alanui o ka intensification.

Michurin IV (1855-1935)

Lūkini biologists a me kā lākou mau discoveries me ka nui loa i alakaʻi ai i ka mahiai a me ka horticulture. Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin - ike biologist a me ka breeder. Kona mau kūpuna i nīnūnē liʻiliʻi i nā kaukaualiʻi, ka mea i lilo nä känaka 'epekema hoihoi i loko o ka mahiʻai mala. I kakahiaka wa, oia i malama i ke kihapai, nui nā kumu lāʻau a i ua vaccinated ma o kona makua kāne, kupuna kāne a me ka nui-kupuna kāne. Koho hana Michurin hoomaka holo ana ma ka eiaaioa? O Cederica. Ma ka ha awina i lawe mai oi ma mua o 300ʻano likeʻole o ka mahi mea kanu, a me ka poe i hakuloli i ke kikowaena ciia o Rusia ana.

Tikhomirov AA (1850-1931)

Lūkiniʻepekema, biologists a me kā lākou mau discoveries ua kōkua e hoʻomōhala hou kuhikuhi ma ka mahiai. Aleksandr Andreevich Tihomirov - he biologist, kauka o zoology a me ka rector o Moscow State University. Ma St. Petersburg University, oia loaa i kona kānāwai degere, akā, lilo hoihoi ma ka kālaimeaola, a loaa i ka lua o ka papahelu ma Moscow University ma ka Oihana o maoli sciences. ʻepekema, ua ike i ka kŰia oʻimi hoʻopunipuni parthenogenesis, kekahi o ka loa nui na pauku ma ka kanaka kūpono 'ana. He i He makana nui no ke kūpono 'ana o ke sericulture.

IM Sechenov (1829-1905)

Ka theme like o "Famousʻepekema, biologists a me kā lākou mau discoveries" makemake e kāpili me ka hai Ivana Mihaylovicha Sechenova. 'O kēia ka mea kaulana Lūkini evolutionary biologist, physiologist a me ka mea aʻo. Hânau 'ia i loko o ka' ohana landowner, ua hoʻonaʻauao ia ma ka Main School o 'enekinia, a me ke Kulanui o Moscow.

ʻepekema, ua aʻo i ka lolo, a loaʻa-oaio? A, e kauoha ana inhibition o ka Central ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana, ka lolo ua ai 'ole ma Muscle hope. He palapala iho la i ka Classic hana "Reflexes o ka Beriana", ma ka mea āna i ua kālaiʻia i ka manaʻo i ka hana i manao a me ka unconscious hana i loko o ka palapala o reflexes. Au a hoike aku la i ka lolo me ka lolouila, a hoʻi a pau i ka nui keʻano o ka hanaʻana. He hoapono mai i ka ÷ naehana hanu hana o ke koko. Nä känaka 'epekema i ka Lūkini physiology kula hana.

DI Ivanovsky (1864-1920)

I ka pau ana o XIX - kakahiaka nui XX kenekulia - he manawa ia hana nui Lūkini biologists. A me kā lākou mau discoveries (papaaina o kekahi nui hiki ole pono i ko lakou papa inoa) ka pilina i ke kūpono 'ana o ka laau lapaau a me ka kālaimeaola. Iwaena o lakou Dmitriy Iosifovich Ivanovsky - physiologist, he microbiologist a me ka hoʻokumu o ka virology. He Ua aoia o ia ma St. Petersburg University. A hiki i ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana i hoike mai i ka hoihoi i loko o kanu maʻi.

ʻepekema i? Aaei i maʻi i ke kumu ma ka moku koʻohune a toxins. Nā mea hoʻomaʻi lakou ia lakou iho i ike ai me ka huina'ine microscope, wale 50 makahiki ma hope. Ua Ua noʻonoʻo pono i ke kupuna o Ivanovsky Virology like me ka 'epekema. Ÿepekema i këia i ke kaʻina o nā kanakaʻona mau fermentation a me ka hopena ma luna ia o ka chlorophyll a me ka oxygen, ka'anatomia o ka mea kanu, lepo microbiology.

Four-SS (1880-1959)

Lūkini biologists a me kā lākou mau discoveries i ka pilina i ke kūpono 'ana o ke aaiaoe?. Chetverikov Sergey Sergeevich i hānau i loko o ka ohana o ka hola nāna nä känaka 'epekema, hoʻonaʻauao ma ke kula nui o Moscow. Kēia mea he poʻokela geneticist a me ka evolutionist, ka mea i hoʻolālā i ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o nā kūpuna i loko o holoholona populations. Mahalo i kēia ao, i ka noiʻi noʻonoʻo i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o evolutionary aaiaoe?. He waiho i ke kumu o ka hou 'ana - aaiaoe? O populations.

Oe i heluhelu i ka 'atikala "Ke ike Lūkiniʻepekema, biologists a me kā lākou mau discoveries." Table lākou e piʻi like hiki ke i ma luna o ke kumu o ka mea i manaoia mea.