Vavilov Nikolay Ivanovich: he pōkole Kawaihae no kao

Vavilov Nikolay Ivanovich, he pōkole Kawaihae a huli aku i ka laulā maʻamau - ka geneticist kaulana, he Lūkini botanist, geographer, i hoʻokumu i ke ao ana mai o ke kumu o ka mahi mea kanu a me liluwelo kumu o ka wae,, i hanau i ka initiator o ka hanaia'na o ka lākou o ka 'epekema noiʻi kulanui ma Moscow ma November 25, 1887. Russian nä känaka 'epekema ua i ka invaluable na makana i ka' epekema, a ua ike biologists a puni ka honua.

Kuko no ka mea kanu, mai kamaliʻi

Makua ma Rotehama - Ivan Ilyich - hele mai ana, mai ka kua'āina ohana, oia ua i ka mea kālepa o ka lua o kaʻahahui, a nāna e ia ma ka lawelawe hana. Ma mua o ke kipi alakai manufactory hola "Uninstall a me Vavilov." Mom - Alexander M. - i ke kaikamahine o ka artist-kahakaha Prohovskoy manufactory. A pau i loko o ka 'ohana, he mau keiki ehiku, ekolu o ka mea make i loko o kamaliʻi. Ke kaikaina o ka wā e hiki mai nä känaka 'epekema - Sergei Vavilov - hoʻolaʻa i kona ola, e ke kālaikūlohea, hoʻokumu i loko o ka Soviet scientific kula o physical optics, i loko o 1945-1951, alai ae i ka Academy o Sciences o ka USSR. Ke kaikuaana o Alexander koho i ka 'inikua ala, e lilo ana i ka hoʻokuhikuhi o Moscow hui hoʻomaʻemaʻe latike. Lydia - ke kaikaina, aʻoʻia e ia i ka microbiologist, oiai e kekahi o nā kaua kiʻi e hopu puʻupuʻu , a make iho la. Nikolai Vavilov, he pōkole Kawaihae mea hana hoihoi i admirers o kona ? Iie hana, e like nā keiki, mai ka wa kamalii ua leʻaleʻa o flora a? Aaoa, a i ke kiʻekiʻe susceptibility i kūlohelohe sciences. Kēia Hobby he hoʻonui i ka pohihihi keia buke, palapala a me ka herbarium i he nui waihona o kona makua kāne, a me ka paipai i ke kahua o ka wā e hiki mai aaiaoe?.

Vavilov Nikolay Ivanovich: he pōkole Kawaihae no kao

Ma ka makemake o Nikolai Vavilov, ka makua kāne o lākou i helu i loko o ke kula kālepa. Ma luna o kona paʻa, i ka 1906, lilo iho la oia i kekahi haumāna no Institute o ka Mahiai (Agronomy'āuna kumu) ma Moscow. 1908 Ua kaha maha ma ka haumāna huakaʻi ma Transcaucasia a me ka North Caucasus, ma ka Vavilov N. I., he manawa pōkole Kawaihae no i i koi 'ia e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina ma ka laulā maʻamau, alakaʻi Leeuwerikplein a me ka Kāhua Ulu'lāʻau noiʻi. I ka 1910 ka mea, i wahi agronomical hoʻopaʻi ma Poltava mana noaioee, Vavilov ka uku no ka hou hua hana.

I ka wā o ke kuka nei lakou i ke kula, propensity i ka noiʻi ha awina hoike ma Rotehama pinepine ae la oia; haumāna i ka haʻi'ōlelo ma nā hanauna i loko o ka laau honua a me Hoʻokolohua Morphology, hooku iho la ia i ka ia hoʻi e pili ana i ke kapa ole slug, ā 'inoʻino kekahi farmland Moscow panalaau. No keia hana, Nikolai Vavilov i i hookoia ka Moscow Polytechnic Museum. Ma hope o ka puka, ua haʻalele ke kanaka opiopio i olelo mua iaʻi, e hoomakaukau no ka professorship ma ke Keʻena o ka Mahiai, a paa i ka? Aneii ku ana o ke kula, kahi i lilo ai këia pono mahi mea kanu e hoʻonele i fungi, parasites. Ia laua a hiki i keia, ao mai la Nikolay Ivanovich ma ka Institute no Women a me ka mahiai.

Familiarity me ka ike o ko lākouʻEulopa counterparts

Mai 1911 a hiki i ka makahiki 1912 ka mea, he i kona internship ma St. Petersburg, i ka manao o ka mea i oi ma-hohonu, pōkole i ka hana kemika o ka mahi kiliala, hoʻopaʻa haʻawina kā lākou mau 'ano a me ka ahulau, a ma ka 1913 - i ka hele ma kahi e, e hoʻokō' ia kā lākou hoʻonaʻauao. Ma Germany, Nikolai Ivanovich hana no kekahi manawa i loko o ka German poe akeakamai keʻena hoʻokolohua a me ka naturalist Ernsta Gekkelya, ma Farani ike me ka hou e piʻi like o ka? Aneii hua maʻEnelani, alakaʻiʻia e Kumu William Bateson (One o na geneticists nui loa o ia manawa), a Vavilov noʻonoʻo i kona mau kumu, a nānā aku i ke kumupaʻa i ka maʻi o kiliala. Ka First World War i ke kumu o ke? A? Uaaiey paha, a he Nikolai, e hoʻi i Moscow, kahi ana i hoomau i kona hana ma ke ao o ka mea kanu e hoʻonele, e mālama nei ia mea i loko o Kauhalenui? Eeiae hui kaulua me Kumu Zhegalovym S. I.

No ke aha la i make i loko o Peresia Lūkini koa?

I ka 1916, Nikolai Vavilov loaa ka papahelu o ka hakuʻana ma hope ana maalo ae la oia i ka me kŰia; ma ka ia wā, mea ole ia mai ka oihana hana ma muli o ia i ka hewa o ka maka (ʻeha i loko o ka noho 'ana kamaliʻi maka), lawe mai i loko o like me ka Point ma ka helu o ka nuipa a kāna hana i loko o Peresia koa o ka Lūkini kaua. Ke kumu o ka maʻi i hiki ke kuhikuhi i Vavilov Nikolay Ivanovich. Pōkole Kawaihae no ka keiki 2 wehewehe i ka papa i loaʻa i loko o kaʻepa palaoa, i nā'āpana o ka cockle hua fungus Stromantinia temulenta, paka waiwai i hiki i kaʻapu kōheoheo i loko o ke kanaka - he alkaloid temulin. I ka hopena o kona 'ana i ka lilo o ka ike paka i, ke kāʻili' ana, drowsiness, a me ka pōniuniu; ua i ka manawa kūpono o ka make. Ka pilikia i Wehewehe i nā hāʻina e pāpā 'ia i ka hoʻohana' ana i nā huahana; i hoakaka ia deliveries ka hoʻomaka 'ana ma Rusia.

Ma hope o ka loaa ana ae e hoʻomaka koa alakaʻi o ka huakaʻi, Vavilov hele hohonu i loko o Iran, e kapi ana AIM e nana Eia kekahi laʻana o ka kūloko kiliala. Lulu anoano maʻEnelani Persian palaoa, Nikolai ho'āʻo mau aoao okoa e iho mailoko o ia me ka powdery he mae wale ma ka ana naikokene mea hoʻomomona hiki mai ana i ka maʻi. All hoao ana, ua pomaikai ole oe, no ia mea,ʻepekema manao i ka'ōnaehana paleʻea nenoaiu o ka mea kanu mea pololei e kaukaʻi ma ka? Aneie olelo o ka palapala ano o na? Ueo. A no loko mai o kēia huakaʻi, Nikolai Ivanovich ikeia'ku mea mahuʻi ana i nā kānāwai o aaiaoe oko a.

'oihana i ka pomaikai

Ka makahiki 1917, ua hoailono aku la ma ke koho ana o Vavilov nā kumu kōkua ma ke poʻo o ka Oihana o haʻapili Botany ma ka hoike Regel R. E. None o nā kānakaʻepekema mea näna i hana ma luna o ka mea kanu e hoʻonele, hiki i hele mai i ka puka theme like no laila, kokoke i ka ia manawa loa e kahińuli i ka maʻi pūhā, like hana Vavilov, Nikolai Ivanovich. Pōkole Kawaihae no nā keiki'ōlelo mai iā mākou i loko o 1917 hoʻoneʻe ke nä känaka 'epekema i Saratov kahi ma ka Higher Courses o Mahiai a poai puni i ka' Oihana o? Aneii, aaiaoe? A me ka paulele i ka hoʻomana mahiʻai. E like me ke Kumu i ka Agronomy'āuna kumu, mai 1917 a hiki i 1921 ma Saratov University, Vavilov ma laua me nā haʻi'ōlelo ia i hele aku ai i ka mana study o ka e hoʻonele o ka ulu. Ka hopena o keia hana nui, i ka loaʻa o ke ao ana o kekahi mau haneriʻano likeʻole o ka palaoa a me ka ota, Ka Ikepili'ōnaehana paleʻeaʻano likeʻole a me kā lākou susceptibility i ka maʻi, ahuwale anatomical nā mea hiki, i paʻiʻia ma 1919. Ka monograph "Ka hoʻonele o ka mea kanu i ka infectious maʻi."

I ka 1920, ke nä känaka 'epekema kaulana i ka hōʻike e pili ana i ke kānāwai i loko o ka aaiaoe variability o homologous moʻo a hiki i ka Apana All-Rusia Ahaolelo Lahui, ke Komite hoʻolālā mua i alai ae. Ke hoike Ua lilo ka nui hanana o ko ke ao nei mai o liluwelo 'epekema, a ia mau mea kākau ma ka' epekema kaiāulu.

Ho okolohua, noiʻi, e piʻi like

I ka 1920, ma hope o kona koho 'ana i ka lāʻau kū o ka poo o ka Oihana o haʻapili Botany a me Anahonua, Nikolai Vavilov, he pōkole Kawaihae i ua ho'ākāka' ia ma loko o na puke, ua neʻe akula ia Petrograd, kahi i lilo ai i loko o ka nui ala i ka hoʻomaka 'epekema hana. Ke poo o ka hui, e ho'ōla Kapa hou i ka All-Union Institute o Plant Vavilov koe ia a hiki i ka hopena o ka 1940. Together me AA Yachevskim Nikolay Ivanovich i hoounaia mai ai i kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia ma ua kūkākūkāʻia ka hua lako, ina hookolokolo i ka mea ia manawa, i ka palaoa-ulu mau o 'Amelika nā panalāʻau e. Ma ke ala hoʻi i nä känaka 'epekema kipa Pelekiuma, Holland, France, Kuekene, England, kahi ia i paa i ka helu o ka halawai me nā kānakaʻepekema, halawai me ka? Aneii wahi a me ka noiʻi keʻena hoʻokolohua, hoʻokumu hou pili' o Randy me ka hooponopono i ka kūʻai o ka 'epekema? Ieaoa, moʻokalaleo a me ka kiʻekiʻe-e like ai hua.

1923 Ua kaha maha e Nikolaya Ivanovicha Vavilova koho like Poʻo o ka State Institute o Hoʻokolohua Agronomy. Ma ka Initiative o ke nä känaka 'epekema ma ka 20s Ua hanaia he nui helu o ka noiʻi wahi, këia a me kaʻike piʻi likeʻole ano o ka mea pono keia mau mea kanu ma ka likeʻole ma o climatic a me ka lepo kūlana o ka USSR.

An invaluable na makana i ka 'epekema

Kawaihae Vavilova Nikolaya Ivanovicha ua pili loa ua hoʻopili i ka 'epekema kaua kiʻi e kaua, hoʻokō mai ka makahiki 1924 a hiki i 1929. 'O kēia Afghanistan, Africa, ke Kaiwaenahonua, Japan, China, Taiwan, Korea, a ma iaʻepekema hookui aku a hiki i ka ohi ana o na anoano (i loko o nā tausani o nā Eia kekahi laʻana), a hua mai la i ka ao-oaio? A o kanu.

I ka makahiki 1927, no ka mea maikai hoike "Kuʻe Huli ho okolohua e noiʻi i ka variability o ka mahi mea kanu ma ka USSR", a Nikolai Ivanovich i loko o Roma ma kaʻaha kūkā o ka mahiʻai poe akamai, i i hookoiaʻepekema ke Gula mekala, a me ka hālāwai kūkā hoʻoholo i pili i ka ulu Vavilov nenoaiu o Leeuwerikplein ulu puni ke ao.

Nikolai Vavilov Family

Vavilov Nikolay Ivanovich, he pōkole Kawaihae i hai o kona weliweli no e piʻi like i loko o ke ao nei o ka 'epekema, ua mare i nā manawaʻelua. First wahine ua Ekaterina Nikolaevna nä känaka 'epekema Sakharov, ma ka mare me ka mea i ke keiki, Oleg. He make i loko o 28 makahiki o ka makahiki i loko o ka Caucasus i pohaku piʻi akula nō hoʻi. Lua o ka wahine - Kauka o Mahiai Sciences, biologist Elena Barulin me a Nikolai kama'āina, mai ka manawa mai o kona mau haumāna (1918); kaikamahine limahana ma na hoao ae o kona mentor (a me loko o ka huakaʻi no ka hema-hikina hapa o Rusia), kākau 'atikala, komo pū i loko o Vavilov ka puke ma ka kahua ulu. Family Elena Ivanovna a me Nikolay hanaia i ka 1926. Mai keia mare ana i hanau Yuri Vavilov, ka mea i lilo i kauka o ke kino a me ka makemakika sciences, nukelea physicist a hana nui i ka huli 'ana no ka' ike e pili ana i kona makua kāne a me kā lākou mau puke.

Ma no o ka hanaia ana o ka Vavilov Institute no ia i ka hua Ka Uluwehi o, nō hoʻi a me ka uala kaiaulu, subtropical ulu, viticulture, i ai, lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka onaona mea kanu - oi ma mua o ka haneriʻepekema kulanui. I ka 1930, Nikolai Vavilov poai puni i ka Leningrad aaiaoe keʻena hoʻokolohua o ka USSR Academy, ma 1931 - ka All-Union Kuʻe Huli Society.

Hopu a me ka wahahee ahewa ana

Holomua 'oihana nā hualoaʻa a iaia Nikolaya Ivanovicha Vavilova Haunted ia envious, nana i kakau i ka palapala i Stalin me ka pili aupuni e hāʻiliʻili aku, i i hoopiiia Vavilov i hoʻokaʻawale, mai ka maoli hewa mahiʻai, ka manaʻo politika promiscuity ma a Vavilov i ole hoomaopopo i ka poʻeʻenemi oiaio o ka Soviet mana. Laua hana he lehulehu hoomaau i loko o periodicals. Mai makahiki 1934, Nikolai Ivanovich i banned mai ka holo ma kahi e aku, me kana mau hana ua ike ia e unsatisfactory.

Vavilov Ua hopuia ma August 1940, hoopiiia me ka ee-hoʻokahuli aupuni hana. I ka 1941, i ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi i ka make i ke nä känaka 'epekema; i ka hoohewaia e Ua UAIAaIN i ka 1942 ma 20-makahiki hoahewa. Nikolai Ivanovich make i loko o ka haukapila i loko o Saratov o ka halepaahao, ua ino iloko o kona paa pneumonia, ka hī koko; i ka makahiki hope o ke ola mau eha ana a dystrophy. Make i ke kumu ma ka emi o cardiac haʻawina. Posthumously Ua rehabilitated Lūkini nä känaka 'epekema ma ka 1955: a pau na i hoopiia mai ai i fabricated, untrue. Kanu Vavilov, Nikolai Ivanovich, he pōkole Kawaihae i hoihoi i ka nui helu o kona mau admirers, i loko o ka lua kupapaʻu, he pono ole, a me ka poe i paa pu.