Plastids hiki e okoa:ʻano, 'ole, kuleana pili i

He nui nā'ōlelo koʻikoʻi akula i mea na plastids mai ke kula. mai nei i loko o ka papa o Botany i loko o ka mea kanu keena, na plastids i ia o kekahi ano, nui like 'ole a me ka hana kekahi mau oihana i loko o ka halepaahao. He 'atikala ka nani a' oe no ka 'ole o ka plastids, i ko lakou ano a me ka oihana o ka poe i puka' o ia ano, mai ke kula kiʻekiʻe, a e e pono i kekahi mea pili i ka kālaimeaola.

'ole

Ke kiʻi ma lalo hōʻike he kiʻikuhi 'ole o nā plastids i loko o ka halepaahao. Nānā 'ole o kona ano, ka mea, ua ka mawaho, a naʻili lahilahi, he aiiay papa, stroma - mea like cytoplasm ribosomal DNA lātoma nā'ūhū.

Ma chloroplasts he mea kūikawā hale - grana. Grana thylakoids i hana mai - nā hale, i 'ano like me na nā pā. Thylakoids i komo i loko o ka hoʻololi kemikala o ATP a me ka oxygen.

Ma chloroplasts pia granules i hanaʻia e like me ka hopena o ke kāʻamaʻai.

Leucoplasts i pigmented. Lakou hana i ike thylakoids, aole lakou e i komo 'ana i loko o kāʻamaʻai. Ka hapa nui o nā leucoplasts i kia ma ke kumu a me ka mole o ka mea kanu.

Chromoplasts i haku o ka lipid droplets - nā hale i loaʻa ka lipids pono e lawa hou ikehu 'ole o plastids.

Plastids hiki e okoa'ōniʻoniʻo, nui like 'ole a me nā kinona. Lākou nui like 'ole holomuaʻana ma waena o 5-10 microns. Ke shape Ua IeAUPIIe, IAa IO puni paha ka'ololaha, akā, i ia i kekahi'ē aʻe.

'ano o nā plastids

Plastids hiki e colorless (leucoplasts), uliuli (chloroplasts), yellow ole alani (chromoplasts). Ua hāʻawi mai chloroplasts o ke kanu lau uliuli.

ʻO kekahiʻano o nā plastids, chromoplasts, mea kuleana no ka melemele,ʻulaʻula aʻalani waihoʻoluʻu.

Colorless plastids i loko o ka halepaahao i ka hana o nutrient waho pūnaewele. Leucoplasts i na i loko o kona kaikea a, starches, nā polokina a me nā'ūhū. A hiki i ka mea kanu pono hou ikehu e Wāwahi i ka pia monomers - monakō koko.

Leucoplasts ma lalo o kekahi mau kumu (ma ka lń a ma ka ohui Nine Inch) hiki ke hoohuliia mai i loko o ka chloroplast, e iho me chloroplasts i loko o chromoplasts, ka wā chlorophyll ua luku, a me ka 'ia nā pōpō pigments hoʻomaka e Kīwala'ō chromoplasts - carotene, anthocyanin paha xanthophyll. Kēia hou 'o kekahi' i loko o ka Akuma ka, i ka wa a ka lau a me ka hua o na mea he nui loli ano ku i ka make ana o ka chlorophyll pigments a me ka hoike ana chromoplasts.

oihana

E like me ka olelo ma luna, plastids hiki e okoa, a me kā lākou mau hana i loko o ka mea kanu aeea ke kaumaha ma muli o ka likeʻole ma.

Leucoplasts i hoʻohana kuhikuhi no ka pūnaewele o ka mahuaola, a kanu ola kākoʻo ku i ka hiki e hoahu, a synthesize nā polokina, lipids, nā'ūhū.

pāʻani Chloroplasts he kī kūlana ma ke kaʻina hana o ka kāʻamaʻai. Me ke kōkua o ke kiaʻana i kāna pigment chlorophyll i loko o nā plastids o ka o carbon dioxide i wahi, a me ka huli ana o ka wai nā lātoma ma ka monakō koko a me ka oxygen nā lātoma.

Chromoplasts mahalo i ka aahu waihoʻoluʻu,ʻo nā mea kolo no pollination. Hoʻopaʻa haʻawina i nā mana o kēia mau plastids mea nō ka hoʻomauʻana.