Inbreeding - He aha ka mea? Inbreeding: examples

E piʻi like ana o ka heluna kanaka aaiaoe? A me kona nunuiʻimi naʻauao kumu o ka hana kūlohelohe 'ia i loko o ka habitats, ae kanaka e hoʻohana i kēia' ike no kā lākou mau pono. No ka laʻana, he nui loa, he pono oleʻike manaʻo e like me inbreeding a outbreeding. More kama'āina i nā mea a pau synonymous i kēia mau hua'ōlelo - incest. He aha nō kēia mau keʻano o ka hanaʻana, mai ka 'epekema wahi o Hawaii a me ka mea i kekahi kanaka ke loaʻa ma ka hoʻohana' ana i ia mau mea, ke wehewehe aku i loko o kēia 'atikala.

Inbreeding - He aha ka mea?

E hoʻomaka e hoakaka i ka manaʻo. No laila, inbreeding, aaiaoe olelo 'epekema' ōlelo, ka mea, o ka lehulehu o'ālike ma ke kaolo alleles oia hoi o kekahi genotype, i ka mea he mau meaola.

Inā oi ma mua o na mea olelo, e pane i ka nīnau "Inbreeding - i ka mea," ua hiki ke olelo ia ia mea purposeful i kela kapa o ka pili loa ano o nā mea kanu, holoholona, kanaka no ka mea o ka hoʻomāhuahua i loko o ka genotype o kekahi alleles o ka'ōewe e lawe ana i ka makemake kāna moʻolelo. I ka mea, ma laila i kekahi mau synonyms o ke kaʻina. A, i ka wa e hele mai ai i ke kanaka heluna kanaka, Ua pono nā mare ua kapaia incest. Inā e kamailio e pili ana i kanu, a laila, i kekahi olelo o Inbreeding. Inbreeding - manaʻo no ka holoholona. Eia naʻe, e hoʻohana i kēia makahiki i loko o kekahi mea kanu? Aneii.

heterosis

Aia mea ia i kekahi mea e like me ka lōʻihi loa o ke inbreeding. Keia ia lŘlŘ ka wā:

• i ka holoholona, ua hiki o ka hoʻoponopono-fertilization;
• mea kanu o ka hoʻoponopono-pollinated.

Ma kēia hihia, loaa ma ka hanauna homozygous alleles me ka makemake hiʻona ka nui uuku, ma ka mea ke hoʻokoe 'ia mai ka' ia paha o nā chromosomes o kekahi kanaka. Keia waiwai ua hoʻomano hoʻohana 'ia i loko o kanu? Aneii. Kanaka, mai ka hanauna mua ma ka pakiko-pollination pinepine paka ua hualoaʻa, ma i ka hua ua mahuahua ka 60%! Keia ua ikeia like heterosis, a me ka mea i ka loa ia hana no ka hana i na huahana o ka mea kanu me Kinohi, e like me:

• pulupulu;
• kekahi pahūpahū;
• peas;
• mohihi;
• citrus;
• me ka hua palaoa;
• bale a me na mea e ae.

Ke inbreeding kumu, lawe mai ma ke kanaka ke kaula proyavlyaemosti nā palapala'ōewe hoolilo i loko o kā lākou heterozygous moku'āina ma na hanauna e hiki. Keia ua hanaʻia e ʻimi hoʻopunipuni koho. Inā ke kanu ola i loko o maoli ana, e like me ke koho ana i ka loa ke ano maoli i wahi, ia mea ma kona ano maoli. I mea no ke aha la ma ke ano maoli i waena o ka hoʻoponopono-pollinating kanuʻaneʻane ole e halawai pu me deformities, ei, a kaumaha aaiaoe maʻi.

I ka moolelo o ka manaʻo o ka ulu ana

Inā 'oe luʻu i loko o ka mōʻaukala, ka manaʻo o ka incest, aia no he loa kahiko, mai ka manawa mai o na Paraʻo. O kekahi mau maikai ana ike okoa keia kŰia. No ka laʻana, ka mea kahiko Romans incest Ua noʻonoʻo he hewa weliweli. Akā, ma ka wahi e like Aigupita, 'Eulopa, i ka mālama'-Columbian Amerika, a me nā mea a pau adherents o paganism, kēia kaʻina ua hala loa he maʻamau ke keʻena o ke ola. Brothers ka 'elele i mare i na kaikuahine, a me ka mea i hoʻokipa i ka mea e leie aku i ka hoola "maikai" ke koko o ka nohoaliʻi ai i loko o ka hihia o ke aliʻi a me nā aliʻi lākou poʻe'ōhua. Naʻe, i ka Baibala i papaia ia incest, incest Ua noʻonoʻo he hewa weliweli, no laila, ke ao Karistiano holoʻokoʻa a ua papani iho la me ka manawa e like me keʻano o ka hanaʻana.

Inā mākou e kamailio e pili ana i na mea kanu, holoholona, i kekahi mea i ua inbreeding, heterosis mea kanaka aʻo wale hope empirically. Ua Ua akaka ia oiai o ka ike o ka heluna kanaka aaiaoe? Heʻaʻole i loaʻa. People Ua alakaʻi wale mōakaaka, i ka mana ho'āʻo ma. Naʻe, ka mea, ua lawa ia i ua malamaia: no ka loaa ana i ka makemake hiʻona a me ka hoʻopunipuni iā lākou i loko o ka MOKUNA XXXIII e hybridize ma waena o lakou iho pili loa me ka na'ōewe pepa hōʻikeʻia e externally.

ʻO ia pili i ka mea kanu. Ua ua ike ia ma ka XIV kenekulia Ottoman ulu tulips maikaʻi hana mau waihoʻoluʻu loaa ma ka inbreeding. Mawaena o na holoholona loa pinepine malalo i inbreeding'īlio, no ka mea, ua i ka papa kuhikuhiE kaila o ka holoholona hihiu, a me ka ia, ma ka huli, - kokoke i ka papa kuhikuhiE lealea.

Inbreeding ma ka'īlio, a haawi mai i ka ikaika, hardiest a kaʻi 'o ka hopena o ka mea hihiu ilio. He He nui helu o na kanaka oiaio, ala mai mutations i lukuia.

Ke degere a me ka inbreeding

ʻimi naʻauao like o ka manaʻo ua, ua haawiia mai e na kānakaʻepekema, akā, i ka loa waiwai hana o ka Pelekāne Wright, a Lūkini Kislovsky. Together, akā, kū kaʻawale o kekahi i kekahi, ua hiki ke hana i kekahi haʻilula e hoʻomaulia i ke kaʻi lau waiwai o inbreeding hanauna mea. He like penei:

_{F m = Σ F (1/2)} N + ni- ¹ * (1 + F _kekahi) * 100, kahi

• F _m - inbreeding kaʻi lau waiwai, kaheaia like me ka pakeneka;
• F _he - inbreeding mai o ka hoʻomaopopo like kupuna;
• N, _{N? i} - lineages.

Inā 'oe i kekahi mau hanauna o ka laha', like me i ka 'ike e pili ana i ka ua mau hōʻailona i ke inbreeding kaʻi lau waiwai no nā kūpuna, he mea hiki, e hoʻomaulia i ka uku no kekahi meaola. Wale ia e e kaulana ia mau helu i i wale mai i kaʻimi naʻauao manao. Mea hōʻike i kēia iaoia mea inefficient, no ka mea, ignores ka recessive alleles e hali ana i nā palapala mutations. A me ka mea, e lilo nā homo- a me heterozygotes ma pinepine kaʻina.

Nolaila, ua okoa mai ka poe pōpilikia theoretically ka hopena o ka hana. Haʻilula Wright-Kislovsky hoʻohana wale ka wā kākau dissertations, makahiki pepa, dissertations, kahi i nui loa ka nui o kaʻikepili no na hanauna he nui pono systematization a me ka like uku.

Inā mākou e kamailio e pili ana i ke degere o ka inbreeding, ua hoʻohikiʻia ma luna ia mākou. Ka ilio? Aneii hana e Kû kona Roman numerals, i hōʻike, i loko o a hanauna i ka like kupuna me ka pololei hoailona.

Mea Maluna

Close (kokoke) inbreeding - He aha ka mea? 'O kēia kekahi o nā kaʻina likeʻole, a e e kūkā mai ma lalo nei. I kaʻawale lōpū inbreeding a me ka loihi mai. E maopopo i kaʻokoʻa a me nā mea like ma waena o kekahi? Ueony, e nana i kela mea keia mea o lakou.

pili inbreeding

'O kēia ka loa paʻakikī a me ka pilikia' ano o ke kaʻina hana. He ua holo i ka hoʻopuniʻana koko pili breeds. Inā unuhi 'ia i loko o kanaka -degree hoahanau, ia mea, no ka laʻana, he makuwahine a me ke keiki, ka makua a me ke kaikamahine, kaikaina a me koʻu kaikuwahine.

Ma ia kekahi i kela kapa ia lŘlŘ kokoke mail like alleles. E like me ka hopena, i ka makemake hōʻailona hōʻike koke i loko o ka mua o ka hanauna keiki kakou nana. Naʻe, i ka pilikia o ka mea i ke kūpono kanaka hiki ke lawe i hunaia recessive mutant'ōewe, a ma laila nō e oi aku, ka nui o ka helu o ke keiki kakou nana. Ma na hoopii, kokololio hoʻomāhuahua o nā palapala symptoms a me deformities hou, aia no he stillbirth, infertility meaola.

lōpū wale

Ia inbreeding holoholona ua i kela kapa hou mamao hoahanau. I unuhi 'ia i loko o kanaka-ka papahelu hoahanau e, no ka laʻana, na hoahanau ona, kaikamahine a me ka makua, a no laila, ma luna o.

E like me ka hopena, e hiki i nā, e hoolilo ana i ke akahele koho, e loaʻa ai homozygosity no ka makemake koho. Kēia kaʻina He lōʻihi, akā, e minimizes ka palapala homozygous alleles. E like me ka hopena, i kekahi ke loaa maikaʻi hanauna, ikaika, ola a me ka tolerant aneane kela litter.

O ka holo ana, i ka recessive allele o ka mutant'ōewe e nō e maopopo, malia paha,ʻaʻole i kekahi manawa, akā, ma manawa loa make mai, e hele ana i ka heterozygote.

ke kaawale ana nānaina

Kēia inbreeding holoholona komo ai i kela mea,ʻaʻole i pili loa aku kanaka. No laila, ina o ka papahana ma luna o kanaka, ka mea, i ia, no ka laʻana, ka lua o na hoahanau ona a me na kaikuahine.

A like kaʻina haawi i ka hopena loa nawaliwali, pinepine kokokeʻike makaʻole. Eia hou kekahi, haʻawina paipai ia ma manawa, aia no na hanauna o na kanaka me ia io kailaʻae. Animals hou ola, nawaliwali, mutant nā'ōewe predominate a me ka mea deformities.

Ka mea, ua maopopo i noho i ka pono hua, hiki ke hoolilo i ko lakou mau huapalapala i ka kekahi hanauna, a no laila, hoʻomau 'ia e ke kaulahao hou - ka mea na AIM o inbreeding (ka mea no ka i ka mea, ua hoʻohana' ia).

examples crossbreeding

Inbreeding ma ka holoholona hoʻohana i ka lōʻihi manawa. A me ia mea i ka hana o ka elele o mammals akaka pehea ia e hana. Olelo ana e pili ana ia inbreeding, examples loaʻa i ka penei:

• thoroughbred lio heluna kanaka;
• maemae laina o purebred'īlio;
• ? ueo breeds monotony pono, a no laila, ma luna o.

Ma rula, e mea hiki ke hoʻohana i ka crossover i nāʻano o nā holoholona. Anna no ka hapanui ia mea he hoʻokolohua maemae. Akā, inbreeding, examples o a mākou i hāʻawi aku ai ma luna - keia mea he hana o ka nui he mea hiki nui.

No ka makaʻu e pili ana i ka hoao ana i ka ilio breeders ka poe i ike i ka ins, a mai loko mai o kela aoao, a noho i ka oiaio a me ka nani olakino keiki kakou nana. Akā, aaiaoe? - ka 'epekema ka loa capricious, no laila, aohe ahailono, ana. Recessive nā'ōewe ke hoike ia lakou iho, a me ke kanaka makemake e uala pono no ka kuai, no ka mea Manao iho la ia mea, i ka pau o ke ola.

Inbreeding ma cynology

E like me mākou i kaulana, 'īlio kuhina a hiki i ka mea huna o ka kŰia oi ma mua o kekahi' ē aʻe 'Oihana. Inbreeding ma'īlio - he ano nui no ka? Aneii o purebred laina. Inā pilikia ka haumāna ilio breeders ho'āʻo ai i ka nui kanawai ua he mehana ano o ia kekahi i kela kapa.

Nā kūlana no ka holomua inbreeding'īlio:

• mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā e like ai genotype;
• kupono, a me ka pōpilikia e hoʻokokoke i ke kaʻina hana;
• wae lōpū koho.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE mea no kekahi breeder - e pale aku i ka hoʻomaka o inbreeding kaumaha. 'O kēia ka noho ana o ka laina i ka wa a na kanaka hoʻomaka e hoouna aku kekahi i kekahi mutant nā'ōewe i i deformities. E like me ka hopena, a pau kanaka i nawaliwali, ola a me ka pinepine pepehi.

outbreeding

Inbreeding i kanu? Aneii ka mea nui, no ka mea, he nui na ulu samoopylyaemy, no laila kona ka hoʻokōʻana mea kiʻekiʻe. Akā, i ka wā e hele mai i ka holoholona, i ka loa hoʻohana naʻe outbreeding - ka e ku pono ana ia ma luna o ka 'ole. I ua hele nui unrelated kanaka e hoʻolimalima i ka maikai thoroughbred laina. Ma keia ala i nā lio, bipi, puaa, ilio a me nā Style. Outbreeding - he mea a me ka ike loea iaoia o? Aneii, like, mai ia hanauna aku ia hanauna aku i hale hānai no na mamo o ka productivity.