Oxygen ma kalapona ma ke ano maoli

Kauoha aku ike i ka 1774 ma English chemist Dzhozefom Pristli oxygen ma (O2) i, ua weheia. E like me ka hopena o ia mea lawe mai i loko o ka paʻa ipu me Hereme'okesaside, ma lalo o ka aoao o ka lń kauoha maka aniani i kona? Aiey: 2HgO → O2 ↑ + 2Hg. Kēia gaseous mea ua wehewehe aku ma ka pa apŘ ma maʻamau rula 0.00142897 g. / Cm³, he molar ka leo o 14,0 cm³ / kameleona, he mahele heheʻe i ka wahi o ka hua 218,2 ° C a me ka baila aʻela i mahana hua 182,81 ° C. Molar nuipa Ua like ke 15,9994 g. / Mol. I ka papa kuhikuhiE ano o ka o oxygen - o kona hiki e oxidize like waiwai. E like me kaʻeleu ole-mea hiki ke hooheheeia, O2 reacts me ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia a pau me ka ho okumu ana o walaʻauʻana a me ka amphoteric oxides, e like me nā mea a pau ole-ke hooheheeia ( 'ē aʻe ma mua o halogen) e loaa i kaʻakika a nesoleobrazuyuschie oxides.

Ka oxygen i komo i loko o ka nui ma mua o ka tausani waiwai, e like me ka mea pono ole loa i loko o ke ao nei Nine Inch hehee ai. He He He l & acirclâ 'o kela Nine Inch i huiʻia (ka mea, ua oi aku mamua o hookahi tausani elima haneri). lākou, ke paa ka maʻiʻo o ka honua i ka pńpa O2 47,4%. Ma meaola a hou wai o kona kaʻana like i loko o ka ua nakiiia ma moku'āina hoike no 88,8% ma ke kaupaonaʻana. Ma ka lewa o ka o oxygen mea i loko o ka paa ole ana, ka mea, ua like ia i ka buke hapa iki o ka ma kahi o 21%, a me ka nuipa a - 23,1%. He he nui constituent o ke aloha 'ona i nā makana i loko o na halepaahao ola. By ka leo, i ka i ana i paʻa 25% a me ka 65% ma ke kaupaonaʻana. oxygen ma kalapona ma ke ano ku i kona Nine Inch haʻawina.

Ka pōʻaiapuni o ka moʻo o ka loli o ka waiwai, e like me ka hopena o i ka mea huli i ka ho omaka, a me 'oe a me ka ala holoʻokoʻa. Oxygen ma ka biogeochemical pōʻaiapuni noi. Ma ka mea hele ma O2 biotic huina o nā kaiaola (ka biosphere, a oo? O ke ola ma ka Honua) a me ka abiotic (lithosphere, lewa a me ka hydrosphere) kaiapuni. oxygen ma kalapona wehewehe kona ana i loko o ka hydrosphere (nuipa o ka wai ma lalo o ke aupuni 'o ka honua, a ma luna o ka luna), i ka lewa (ea) i loko o ka biosphere (global huina o nā kaiaola) a me ka lithosphere (pńpa). Aʻe 'ana o kēia pōʻaiapuni i loko o ka hydrosphere ke alakai i ka hypoxic (haʻahaʻa O2) i loko o ka wahi o ka nui o ic ??, a me ka moana. I ka papa kuhikuhiE ka hoʻokukeʻana ololi o ke kāʻamaʻai.

? Aneeo nenoai (nā kaiaola) i ka puu o biogeochemical pōʻaiapuni, e hana ana i loko o lākou haku mele 'ana. No ka laʻana, ka wai kalapona, i ka pōʻaiapuni o ka oxygen, holo o ka naikokene, kalapona, etc. All Nine Inch hehee wale i ke ala, i ka hapa o ka biogeochemical pōʻaiapuni. Ka mea, eia he integral hapa o ola meaola, akā, i holo i loko o nā kaiaola abiotic 'ia. Kēia mea i ka wai (hydrosphere), i ka Honua i ka pńpa (ka lithosphere) a me ka lewa (lewa). Ola meaola hoʻopiha i ka iwi o ka Honua i kapaia ka biosphere. All ka mahuaola like me ke kalapona, naikokene, oxygen, phosphorus a me ka luaipele, ka mea i hoʻohana ', a he hapa o ka paʻa' oihana, no laila, e ua hoʻopōaiapuni ka mea, me ka i nalowale, a hoʻolakoʻia noke, e like me ia ma ka hamama kahua.

Ka nui loa? Aieeeua O2 (99,5%) o ka wauke a me ka honuaʻaʻahu, kahi ka mea, ua loaʻa ma loko o ka silicate a me ka'okesaside nā minelala hao. oxygen ma ingress kalapona i hōʻike 'ia ma ke ano o ka noa O2 ma ka biosphere (0.01%), a me ka lewa (0.36%) wale kekahi hapa uuku wale no. I ka papa kuhikuhiE kumu o ka lewa O2 Ua noa kāʻamaʻai. Products mea e ke aloha waiwai, a me ka noa o oxygen i hana mai ke kalapona'okikene lua a me ka wai: 6CO2 + 6H2O + ikehu → C6H12O6 + 6O2.

No ka mea o oxygen kalapona ma o ka biosphere pane mea kanu, phytoplankton a me ka moana aina. Tiny meaola cyanobacteria (uliuli-uliuli līoho) Prochlorococcus, ka nui o 0,6 microns, iʻike i ka makahiki 1986, ka makahiki. Lakou hoike no ka oi ma mua o ka hapalua o nā huahana o kāʻamaʻai i loko o ke kai moana. An hou kahi o ka loaʻa ka lewa oxygen ma o ka kŰia o ka photolysis (Nine Inch naoh, kena ae la ma ka hana ana o photons). E like me ka hopena o ka lewa i ka wai a me ka nitrous'okesaside e dissociated i loko o constituent nā'ātoma, hydrogen (H) a me ka naikokene (N) makahiki e wehe 'ia, a me O2 i loko o ka lewa mea: 2H2O + ikehu → 4H + O2 a me 2N2O + ikehu → 4N + O2. Ka lewa i oxygen ua hoopauia noa ola meaola i loko o naehana hanu a me ka palaho keʻano o ka hanaʻana. Lithosphere hoʻohana noa O2 like me ka hopena o Nine Inch weathering a me kaʻili kai reactions. No ka laʻana, ka mea, ua lukuʻia i loko o ke kahua o ka hao oxides (lepo): 4FeO + O2 → 2Fe2O3 'ole' ē aʻe oxides o ke hooheheeia, a nonmetals.

oxygen ma kalapona i ka loaʻa o ke loop ma waena o ka lithosphere a me ka biosphere. Meaola kai i loko o ka biosphere malama i kumu o ka pōhaku paʻapuna (CaCO3), i ka waiwai i loko o O2. A hiki aku i ke kino make, kona iwi ua hoʻouna 'ia no ka papau kai lalo kahi mea he lōʻihi manawa e lilo limestone (sediment pńpa). Weathering keʻano o ka hanaʻana hoʻokumu pū biosphere i kekahi extract i ka noa oxygen ma o ka lithosphere. Mea kanu a me nā Animals loaa māhuaola mai ka sediment a me ka kala ka oxygen.