India Xi B.

I ka XI-XII CC. muli o kona kulana okoa pili aupuni palapala 'āina o North India ua mua, akā, ma o Mānoa, i kekahi mea i loli, ka mea e oi ana i ka paio ana kaua ua. I ka luna o ke awāwa o ka Jumna rula ano o Tomar, ka mea i hoʻokumu i ke kulanakauhale o Delhi , a i ka mea i kona kapikala. I ka hema, ma Rajasthan, alii iho la oia ma ka Chauhan kapikala Sakambhari. Eia ka hema, ma Gujarat, ka mea, ua i ka mana o Chaulukev Anahilapataki. A hiki i ka hikina o Gujarat, ma Malwa i alii Paramary me kona kapikala ma Ujjayini. Ma Bundelkhand, 'ole. E. Ma kaʻaoʻao hema o ka Jumna, a me kona kapikala ma Kalandzhare he Chandella. A hiki i ka aoao hema o ia mau mea, a puni ke kulanakauhale o Tripura, Aia'āina hoʻoili Kalach-riev. Ka awelika au i loko o Ganga ma XI. ua he gradual naeaeaa i loko o ka mana Pratiharas Gahadavalov rula, a ua stoliey Varanasi. Pala hana mau, e alii ai maluna o loko o Bihar, akā, i pāʻani i ke kūlana nui. I loko o ka lua o ka hapalua ma ka XII. ka mea, eia ka mea hope auou caiaiai i ka na'lii a sen, i waho ma ka Hikina Bengal.

India Xi B.
Ka nui mōʻaukala kūlana i waena o kēia mau meaʻuʻuku Hawaii i hoʻokani Chauhan mai Sakambhari. Ka mea, hoomaka ae la ma ka waena o ka XII kenekulia. Kīwala'ō i ke komohana hapa o North India - Tomar luku aku, a noho Delhi, waiho iho la ma ke aloha o lakou iho, a Chaulukev Paramarov hopu Punjab. A pau keia ua i Prithviraj Chauhan III (koke. 1179-1192), ka loa ikaika enemi o Muhammad Ghori, he naʻi aupuni i hele mai Afghanistan.
ʻana Paramarov hoʻoleʻa kekahi o kona predstaviteley- Bhoja I (koke. 1010-1055). He patronized kākau moʻolelo a me nā haku mele, oia ua i ka mea kākau o ka hana ma luna o akeakamai, poetics, kilohōkū, kuhikuhipuʻuone, lāʻau lapaʻau, grammar, he nui i kukulu. Kona noho alii ana ua imprinted ma ka panina Sanskrit moʻokalaleo like me ka gula makahiki o nā mea noʻeau, a me sciences. Bhoja i pepehi i ka kīmopō ma luna o kona kapikala Dhara kaua hui Chaulukev, Chalukyas a me Kalachuriev.
Kēia moku'āina o pili aupuni fragmentation a me ka manao lokahi manaʻoe hōʻeha i Ua nui ka ololi, i 'ae' ia ke ku imua o na komohewa, i waho ma ka komohana palena o ka subcontinent.
E like me ua oleloia, i ke kaʻina hana o ka ho okumu ana o feudal pili i hoomaka ai i loko o nā kenekulia mua o ko mākou'āina. He hele mai i loko o nā kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao. Mua, no ka mau kenekulia, a ma kahi o VIII-X kenekulia., Ua i kekahi kaʻina hana o ka waiwai a me ka nohona H "ua hakumakuma" ka bulk o kaʻauhau, a me ka enslavement o kekahi mau wahi. A laila, ma ka pili me "na iiaaau" Rajput ma ke kaiāulu o ka palapala hoopaa, ahu iho superimposed hou nohona koho ai ahupuaa, ka poe i hana ma manawa topsheet kua'āina heluna.
Inā mua kalepa, ka uku hoopanee, holoholona mahinaai a me ka mahiai, ua ka ia me ka papa prestige a collectively manaoia Vaishya dharma, ma ka hoʻomaka o ko mākou au hou ua he reconsideration o keia kulana ke kahiko jurisprudential moʻokalaleo. Oihana a me ka uku hoopanee i kuhiʻano hana wahine holoi papa ma mua o ka mahiai a me ka holoholona mahinaai, vaisyas kūlana hoopaa iho la i ike ka mea wale poʻe kālepa a me ka moneylenders koena i hoolilo ia ma ka lalo ke kahua, oa. E. hōʻoniʻoni i ka hookuuia Shudr. Ua hakumakuma ka prestige o mahiʻai ua hakumakuma i ke kūlana o nā organizers o ka mahiʻai aina. India V. Xi.