January 27 - i ka lā o ka wehe 'ia o ka blockade o Leningrad. Way o ka Life blockade Leningrad

Ma January 27, i ka lā o ka wehe 'ia o ka blockade o Leningrad, mea he kūikawā kekahi i loko o ka moʻolelo o ko mākou'āina. I kēia lā, ma luna o kēia lā, i ka Lā o koa nani makahiki. Ke kulanakauhale o Leningrad (e St. Petersburg) loaa May 1, 1945 i ka inoa o Hero-City. May 8, 1965 ka'ākau kapikala i i hookoia ka mekala "Gold Star" a me ka Papa Naita o Lenin. Mekala o Leningrad i loaa 1,496 miliona poʻe i noho ma kēia kūlanakauhale.

"Leningrad ma lalo o ka hoʻopuniʻana" - He papahana hoʻolaʻa ai i nā hanana o ka manawa

Ka paʻa o kēia mau kāʻeʻaʻeʻa hanana o ke aupuni i hoopaa mai a hiki i kēia lā. January 27 (i ka lā punohu o ka blockade o Leningrad) i ka 2014 - keia mea i ka lā hoʻomanaʻo he kanahiku-makahiki o ka liberation o ke kulanakauhale. St. Petersburg Archive Komite hooku iho la ia i kekahi papahana i kapaʻia "Leningrad ma lalo o ka hoʻopuniʻana." Internet Ka nū "Archives o St. Petersburg" Ua hana kaʻike kamepiula exhibition o kekahi mau palapala archival e pili ana i ka mōʻaukala o ke kulanakauhale i ka pua ana. Ua Ua paʻiʻia ma kahi o 300 mōʻaukala i ke kikokikona kope o ka manawa. Mau palapala i Hoʻohui 'i loko o umi okoa pauku, kela mea keia mea o ka i ua pu ma ka manaʻo o ka poe akamai i. I mai la lakou a pau noonoo okoa, ao ke ano o ke ola ana o Leningrad i ka blockade.

? Aeiino? Oeoey o ke kaua-manawa kulana

I kēia mea i oluolu i ka hoi i noonoo ai i ka ui St Petersburg, ua nani kulanakauhale-iau, i kahi e noho ai,ʻo ia i ua ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi i ka nui loa ana ma ka ke Kelemānia a i ka 1941. Eia naʻe,ʻo ia i haawi, ia ia i hoopuniia e ka Pinilana a me ka Kelemānia māhele, a ua hiki ke loaa, eia nae, ua seemingly ka hoʻopaʻi make. I ka keia hanauna o nā kupa o ke kulanakauhale i ka manao o ka mea hele ma kā lākou nui-ke kupuna kāne hoʻi a me ka piha loa i ka i loko o kēlā mau makahiki (o a ka i koena nā kupa o ka hoʻopilikia Leningrad hoʻomanaʻo i ka meaʻino manawa), kekahi o na kēia alanui o ke kulanakauhale, Italia a me Manezhnaya wahi i "hoi mai" a hiki i ka 70-makahiki lā hoʻomanaʻo i loko o ka hoʻoilo o 1941-1944. Kēia papahana i ka inoa o "Street Life".

I ka luna-i hoike ia wahi o St. Petersburg e likeʻole moʻomeheu kulanui, e like me ka pono me hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni, i ke ahiahi, i loko o kēlā mau makahiki paʻakikī o ka blockade i i hooki lākou mau hanana. Eia ua apo la nā keʻa puka makani o ka hale, e like me i ia manawa ma Leningrad, Ua i e hoʻopale ai i ka lewa ho'āhewa wale,? Aeiino? Barricades o ka one mauʻeke ma na alanui, lawe mai Anati-mokulele pū, koa ia i kona kalaka no ka mea e lilo ana i ke kumu kāki i kulana i ka manawa. Pela i hookoia he kanahiku lā hoʻomanaʻo o ka hoʻopuniʻana o Leningrad. E like me ke koho ma leho i nā hanana o ia mau makahiki ka mea i luku ma kahi o 3000 hale, a oi aku mamua o 7000 i me ka nui loaʻino wale. Nā kupa o ka hoʻopilikia Leningrad e hoʻopale ai i ku i keʻano o ka shelling kukulu pakaua. La lakou i kahi o 4 tausani bunkers a me nā pillboxes, i hoʻolako pono me kahi o 22 tausani 'okoʻa ma lalo o ka papa i ka hale, a kukulu ma na alanui 35 kilomika o Anati-pahu nā pilikia a me barricades.

Hoʻonani o Leningrad: nā hanana nui a me na kii

A hoomaka ae la i ka 1941, September 8, pale o ke kulanakauhale ana 900 lā a pau i loko o ka makahiki 1944. 27 Ianuali - ka lā punohu o ka Leningrad blockade. A pau i kēia mau makahiki, ua laweʻia ka mea wale nō i loko o ala i ka hoʻopilikiaʻia ke kūlanakauhale i lawe mai i ka pono huahana, e like me mea hoʻolilo ka seriously eha a me na keiki mai ana i ka hooilo ma luna o ka hau o Lake Ladoga. Ua ua i kaʻaoʻao o ke ola o ka hoʻopilikia Leningrad. Ma ia mākou, e haʻi akuʻoe hou i loko o kēia 'atikala.

E uhai i ka blockade ua January 18, 1943, a ua pau loa ia mao Leningrad ma 27 Ianuali. A i ka wa a na kēia makahiki - i ka makahiki 1944. Ke'ī mai, na noho, ua, e kali i ka lōʻihi manawa ma mua i ke kulanakauhale o Leningrad blockade i hoʻokiʻekiʻe definitively. I pepehi i keia manawa, e like me na koho, mai 400 tausani. 1.5 miliona poʻe e noho ana. Kii ma ka Nuremberg hoao kēia helu - 632 000 make. Wale 3% o ia - mai shelling a me ka bombing. Ke koena o ka poʻe e noho lā i make ai o ka pololi.

omaka hanana

I kēia lā, koa moʻolelo manaoio i ole kulanakauhale i loko o ke ao nei i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ke kaua i i haawiia mai ai he nui ola no ka lanakila, akā, i loko o ia manawa Leningrad. Ma ka lā , i ka wa o ka Great Patriotic War (1941, June 22), i loko o kēia kūlanakauhale, a ma ka wahi, ka mea i koke i lalo o kaʻoihana kānāwai. Fascist Kelemānia maunakea ma ka po o ka 22 ma luna o Iune 23 no ka manawa mua ho'āʻo e hana i kekahi kaua ma Leningrad. Ua ho'āʻo i pau ai unsuccessfully. Ke kulanakauhale i ole ae kekahi o kaʻenemi mokulele.

I kekahi lā, June 24, Leningrad koa Apana iho i loko o ka'ākau alo. Kronstadt uhi i ke kūlanakauhale, mai ke kai. Ua i kekahi o nā kumu, a laila, e noho i loko o ka Baltic kai. Me ka hoouka kaua o kaʻenemi poʻe hao wale i loko o ka wahi mai July 10, hoomaka ae la ka'ōlohe wiwo iho, a hiki e haʻaheo o ka mōʻaukala o Leningrad. September 6 hoʻokuʻu i ka hopeʻia mua ma luna o ke kulanakauhale i ka Nazis, ma hope i kona i systematically malalo i ka lewa e poipu. I wale na malama ekolu, mai Sepatemaba a hiki i November 1941, i hai ea e poipuʻeleu 251 manawa.

Loudspeakers a me ke kaulana metronome

Naʻe, ka ikaika e hele i mua i ke kulanakauhale-meʻe o ka make māinoino, ka oi hui i ka poʻe e noho lā ma Leningrad e noho ana a ka enemi. E pale aku Leningrad i hana 'ia i ka lewa e pepehi iho at, ua loaʻa i loko o nā alanui a puni 1,500' ōlelo i loko o ka mahina mua. Heluna hoolaha ma ka Radio ea kaua. Ke metronome kaulana, a hele ae la ia ma ka mōʻaukala me ka nohona kia o ka ia'ku manawa hōʻike nei ma keia i ulanaʻia. Ola pāpana ano o ia mea i ka hai aku i ka oihana koaʻeleu, a lohi - i ka hee. Michael Melaned, ka announcer, hai mai i ka pū waikaua. Aia i ole he hookahi apana i loko o ke kūlanakauhale, a hiki i a ka enemi iwi hiki ole lele. No laila, i mau hōʻailona i na alanui a me ka like, ma ka pilikia o ka waiū ua nui loa. Here, kanaka ua like na hoailona a me HW kakau iho la oia i keia wahi o ka noho pilikia loa ka wā shelling.

City o Adolf Hitler ka manao ua ia e loa ka lukuia, a me ke pale i kona poʻe kaua - pepehi. ʻO kēia kanaka Kelemānia, ua nele ae ma kekahi mau ho'āʻo e hemo mai ma ka hoomalu ana o Leningrad, ua hoʻoholo ihola e starve ia.

Ka mua shelling o ke kulanakauhale

O na kamaaina, a me na keiki, a me nā kūpuna, lilo defenders o Leningrad. Special koa Ua hana People ka Militia, ma i na tausani o ka poʻe i rallied ma kīpoʻohiwi e huahelu, a kaua aku i kaʻenemi ma ka fronts, komo i loko o ka hana o ke kūlana pale laina. Ua hoomaka ae la i ka ke piʻoloke o ka heluna kanaka o ke kulanakauhale, e like me ka pono me ka nohona aiee o ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Kamehameha likeʻole, a me ka hanalima lako a pan i loko o ka mahina mua o ke kaua. ʻenemi hao wale noho ana i ke kulanakauhale ma August 20 Chudovo, ka paleʻana i ke alahao ma ke ala e hiki aku o Leningrad a me Moscow.

Hiki, nae, o ka papa o ka pūʻali koa ma lalo o ka inoa "North" e uhai ma Leningrad ma ka neʻe aku, eia nae ke alo a kokoke kokoke i ke kulanakauhale. Kahua hoʻonohonohoʻana shelling ka hoʻomaka 'ana mai 4 September. Eha lā ma hope, i kaʻenemi hopu i ke kulanakauhale o Shlisselburg, kūpono ma ka aina i ke kamaʻilio me Big Leningrad lola honua i ke ahulau.

Kēia hanana ia i ka hoʻomaka o ka hoopuni ana i ke kulanakauhale. Ua huli mai e e oi ma mua o 2,5 miliona kanaka, me 400.000 keiki. Ma ke kulanakauhale a hiki i ka luna o ka blockade ua,ʻaʻole e pono ai na lako. Ka mea, e like no September 12 i ua mau hōʻailona i wale no 30-35 lā (berena), 45 lā (kiliala) a me 60 mau lā (keʻai). O austerity lanahu hiki e lawa wale i November, a me ke kinowai wahie - pono ma mua o ka pau ana o kaʻikena. ai mau hae i i ua kau ma luna o ka rationing'ōnaehana, hoomaka ae la e ke kiʻekiʻe o kakou.

Pololi a me ka anu

Ke kahua Ua ano hoomainoino ia e ka mea i ka hooilo o 1941 i ka wā i loko o Rusia, a ma Leningrad - loa ukiuki. Pinepine, i ke ana wela Poho i ka hoailona o ka -32 degere. Tausani o ka poʻe i make i ka pololi a me ke anu. I ka piko o ka palaho i ka manawa mai ka 20 November a hiki i 25 December 1941 keia luna '. I loko o kēia wā, i hoemiia me ka nui loa koa rations o ka berena - mai i 500 nā huna no ka lā. No ka poe e hana ana ma anal pōʻeleʻele loa, ka mea hoike no wale 375 nā huna, a no nā hana a me nā kānakaʻenehana - 250. No ka mea'ē aʻe Hoʻohana o ka heluna kanaka (keiki, kauwa, a? Aaiuo) - Grammian 125 wale. Aia uaʻaneʻaneʻaʻohe'ē aʻe huahana. make ka mea, mai ka pololi ma ka kela la i keia manawa no ka oi mamua o 4 tausani kanaka. Kēia huahelu Uaʻoi kona kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 100 mau manawa o ka mālama '-kaua a make holo' awelika. Predominate oiai kāne make ma luna o wahine. Ua maikaʻi ke keka ma ka hopena o ke kaua i ke kumu nui loa o ka poʻe e noho lā ma Leningrad.

Ke kūlana o Life Aloha E Maliu Mai i ka A ia la aku

E pili ana me ka aina haliia mai la mawaho, e like me ka ua, ua i mai la, Ke alanui o Life kaua Leningrad, maalo ae la oia ma Lake Ladoga. Ka mea, ua ka wale alanui i ola i ka wā mai September 1941 a hiki i March 1943. Ua ua ma keia alanui hala ka piʻoloke o hanalima lako a pan, a me ka heluna o Leningrad, i ka haawi ana ai ke kulanakauhale, e like me nā mea kaua, nā, wahie a me nā kilo. A pau i kēia ala i Leningrad haawi oi ma mua o 1,615 miliona tona o ka waiwai i evacuated ma kahi o 1,37 miliona kanaka. Ma ka mea mua hooilo waiwai ka mea i loaa ma kahi o 360 tausani tona, a ua evacuated i ka poʻe e noho ana i 539,4 tausani. Ma ka moana wai lalo laina i waiho i ka mea e lawa kaʻaila me nā huahana.

Hoomalu ana o Life Aloha E Maliu Mai

Mau bombed a ka pūniu Road o Life Hitler ka pūʻali kaua e lolo i ka wale ala i ke ola. E mālama iā ia mai ka lewa e pepehi iho at, e like me ka hōʻoia 'me ka'ōlohelohe hana ana o na mea a me nā koa o ke aupuni i komo ma ka lewa pale. Ma kekahi mau mea e hoʻomanaʻoʻia a me nā kia hoʻomanaʻo i kēia manawa immortalized ka heroism o kanaka, ka poe i ka mea hiki ana ke hooki ana ma luna o laila. Poʻokela i waena o kēia mau mea i ka "Pana alii" - i ka haku mele 'ana ma luna o Lake Ladoga, a me ka kekahi papakoa i kapaia "Rumbolovskaya Mountain", ke aupuni' o Vsevolozhsk; "Flower o Life" (he kia hoʻomanaʻo i loko o ka kauhale Kowalewo), a ua hoʻolaʻa ai i na keiki, e noho ana i loko o Leningrad i loko o kēlā mau makahiki, e like me ka pono i waiho i loko o ke kauhale a me ka inoa o Black River Memorial Complex, kahi o nā koa i make i loko o ka Ladoga alanui, waiho iho la e kau mai i loko o kaʻaha lua kupapau.

No kona wehe 'ana i ka pua ana o Leningrad

Ua uhaʻi ke Hoʻonani o Leningrad no ka manawa mua, e like me mākou i'ōlelo mai, i ka 1943, ma ka January 18. Keia kaua lawe mai i ka Volkhov a me Leningrad fronts, pu me ka Baltic'auwaʻa kaua. Ua pahu hoʻi Na kēia kanaka Kelemānia. Ua paʻa ana "Iskra" me ka mau hoʻokokoke o na koa o ka Soviet Army, i ka hoʻomano hoʻomohala i loko o ka hooilo o 1942-1943, ma hope o kaʻenemi poʻe hao wale i hoopuniia ma Stalingrad. Army "North" hana ku e Soviet hao wale. January 12 a hemo aku he kūpono 'poʻe hao wale o ka Volkhov a me Leningrad fronts, a ua hui pu ka mea, i na la eono. January 18 Ua hoʻokuʻu Shlisselburg a me ka malie o ka enemi strategically nui hema kapakai o Lake Ladoga. Ma waena o ka mea, a me ka laina i hana i kekahi ala hele kona laula ua 8-11 ei. Ma ka mea, no ka 17 lā (e manaʻo e pili ana i kēia manawa!) Road a me ka hoino aku meheu i waiho. Ma hope o ia, no ka hoolako ana i ke kulanakauhale i hou dramatically. Ke blockade Ua loa wehe 'ia ma 27 Ianuali. Day o ka uhaʻiʻana i ka blockade o Leningrad i waeʻia e fireworks i ho'ā i ka lani o kēia kūlanakauhale.

I ka pua ana o Leningrad ua lilo ma ka mōʻaukala o ka loa loa. Ka hapa nui o ka poe noho i make i ka manawa, i kanu i keia la ma Piskarevskoe Memorial pā ilina. Ke pale ana, e e kūlike loa, 872 lā. Leningrad ma mua o ka kaua ma hope e ole aku. Ke kulanakauhale Ua loli ka hailona, ka mea, i ke kūkulu hou na mea he nui o na hale, kekahi - e kūkulu hou.

Diary o Tani Savichevoy

Mai nā hanana weliweli o kēlā mau makahiki ia haʻalele i ka hailona o ka hoike. Kekahi o ia mau mea - ka diary o Tanya. Leningradka Savicheva Tatyana e hoomaka ana mai o kona hana ma ka makahiki o ka 12 makahiki. Ua UaʻAʻole paʻi, no ka mea, he a wale eiwa weliweli mooolelo ma pehea kūpono pepehi 'ohana o ke kaikamahine i loko o Leningrad i ka manawa. i nele i ola i ka hapanui Tanya. Kēia puke noke i ka manaʻo hoʻopiʻi, e hoohewa ana fascism, i hooku iho la ia ia ma ka Nuremberg e hookolokolo ai.

Ua kēia palapala manawa i loko o ka Hale o ke kulanakauhale-meʻe, a ua mālama i ke kope i loko o ke aniani hihia e hoʻomanaʻo hua Piskaryovsky ilina kahi kanu 570.000 Leningrad i ka pua ana i make ai o ka pololi a me ka bombing i loko o ka manawa mai ka 1941 a hiki i 1943, a ma Moscow ma Poklonnaya Hill .

Losing ikaika no ka pololi lima, palapala liilii irregularly. i ka loli ana i na keiki e loaa anaʻuhane ua hiki ia i ola Emotions. Girl wale kākau i nā hanana weliweli o kona ola - "kipa o ka make" i loko o ka hale o kona ohana. Tanya i kākau i Savichevs a pau, make iho la. Eia naʻe,ʻo ia i ike, mai i make a pau ia hanauna a hoʻomau. He Ua hoopakele ia, a lawe mai i ke kaikuwahine Nina. Ua hoi aku la i ka makahiki 1945 ma Leningrad, i loko o kona hale, a ua loaʻa i waena o puna,'ōpala, a hanau mai na pa puke noke Thani. Ke kaikaina, Misha i loaa mai i ka loaa ma ke alo seriously eha. Girl loaʻa iā ia iho ana sanitation eiiaiaeu i piliwaiwai i ke kulanakauhale i ka hale. Ua maule iho la mai ka pololi. ʻoʻEra, māhunehune ola, i evacuated i loko o ka naueue noho. Eia, he nui na keiki makua ole la ikaika, akā, Tanya i aole ola. Nā kauka kaua no kona ola, akā, ua make nō i loko o nā makahiki. Ua make i ka makahiki 1944, July 1.