KaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia ma hope o ke Kaua Honua II: ka mōʻaukala, 'ano a me ka hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo

Me ka hope o ke Kaua Honua II, ka United States ma ka par me ka Soviet Union i kekahi o na mau honua superpowers. States kōkuaʻolua e hoʻokiʻekiʻe aʻe Europe mai o na mea hina, ua loaa ia makou ka waiwai a me ka helu wehewehe mea hoʻonui. Ke aupuni, hoomaka ae la i ke kaʻina hana o ke kāpaeʻana segregation a me nā hui pili koko hoʻokae. I ka Ia manawa i loko o 'Amelika ke kaiāulu kanaka, huli Anati-Communist propaganda kai eʻe o Senator McCarthy n. Aka hoi, hoʻowahāwahā i ka mea maloko, a mawaho ikea ai, i ke aupuni i kauoha aku e malama, a consolidate kona kūlana like me ka nui democracies o ka Western honua.

hou superpower

A hiki i ka 1939 ma Europe, hoomaka ae la ke kaua koko, ka US aupuni ho'āʻo e noho aku mai ka nui-unahiʻole, i kaua. Naʻe, ka mea hou i ka confrontation, ka emi koe hiki ke malama i ka isolationistʻikepili. Eia hoi, i ka 1941, ua ka hoouka ma Pearl Harbor. Kipi, Japanese kaua ua paipaiʻia Washington e noonoo kona manao. A mālama '-hoakaka i ke kūlana o kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia ma hope o ke Kaua Honua II. 'Amelika ke kaiāulu kanaka, ua hui pu ia ma ka "crusade" XX kenekulia, me ka manao o ka mea i ka lanakila maluna iho o ka Nazis a me kā lākou mau allies.

Ka Apana Reich ana ua hee o, a waiho Europe i ka wahi e pili ana. Nui hoʻokele waiwai a me ka pili manaʻo nui o ka Old World (nō hoʻi ka UK a me Farani) i naueue. KaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia ma hope o ke Kaua Honua II i ka noho hakahaka niche. Ma nā mea a pau nāʻikepili kŘpa a weakly ua make ia, mai ka weliweli o na makahiki i hala, i ke aupuni ua lilo deservedly noʻonoʻo i ka superpower.

"Marshall Plan"

I ka 1948, hoomaka ae la oia e hana i manaoia e US Kakauolelo o State George Marshall " 'Eulopa koi Program", i kapaʻia ka "Marshall Plan." aneiai kōkua devastated Europe kona manaʻo ua. Ma kēia polokalamu kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia ma hope o ka Apana World War,ʻaʻole wale e kokua i ko lakou mau allies, akā, i loaa kona overriding kūlana ma ka Western honua.

Ke dala no ka hoihoi hou ia ana o ka hana, a me kekahi mau aeuiiai ieaia? Anao? Aou ia 17'āina. Na Americans kaumaha aku lākou kōkua i ka Socialist aina o hikina 'Eulopa, nae, ma lalo o puʻe mai o ka Soviet Union, ka mea, hōʻole lākou e komo i loko o ka polokalamu. I mau mea i ke dala i hoakaka ia West Germany. 'Amelika dala i hele mai i keia aina a pau me ka laua ohi ana i uku aku no ka hala hewa o ka Nazi? Eia.

I ka ulu ana oʻokoʻa me ka USSR

Ma ka Soviet Union i ka "Marshall Plan"'āponoʻole, e manaoio ana ma ia ia i kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia ma hope o ke Kaua Honua II e ukuhi i puʻe ma ka Soviet Union. Kēia nānaina ua prevalent i loko o ke Komohana. Ua hahai me mua US Hope Pelekikena Genri Uolles, nema aku i ka polokalamu o kōkua i Eulopa.

Kela a me keia makahiki, i ka ulu confrontation ma waena o ka USSR, a me ka Amerika Huipuia, i oi a oi huʻi. Mana, e ku ana ma ka aoao hookahi o ka kaua e kū'ē i ka Nazi hoʻoweliweli, a me ka manawa ua hoʻomaka e hakaka ke akea. Loli ana i ke ku e ana mai ma waena o ka Communist a kemokalaka ideologies. Western 'Eulopa, a me kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia ma hope o ke Kaua Honua II i hana i ka oihana koa kuikahi, NATO, a me ka hikina' Eulopa, a me ka Soviet Union - ka Warsaw Pact.

na pilikia

Na na kūpono 'ana o ka US ma hope o ka Apana World War i pu ma ka hoopaapaa. Ke kaua ana i ka hewa Nazi no kekahi mau makahiki 'amelika hui, a kauoha ae la ia ia, e hoopoina i ko lakou mau pilikia e pili ana. Eia naʻe, aneane koke ma hope o ka lanakila ana o kēia mau pilikia ka mea, ua haʻi hou lakou ia lakou iho. Ma ka wahi mua, ka mea komo i loko o ia me ka mahalo i nā lāhuiʻuʻuku.

ke kahiko ala o ke ola o ka Indians Social kulekele o ke USA ma hope o ka Apana World War hoʻololi. I ka 1949, i ke aupuni haʻalele i ke kānāwai mua ma ka hoʻoponopono-paa. Hana Party piko. Hōʻeleu i kaʻaluna me ke kaiāulu o Native Americans. Pinepine, neʻe maila i ka Indians a hiki i na kulanakauhale ma lalo o ka puʻuwai. He nui no ia i makemake ole e haawi mai i ke ala o ke ola o nā kūpuna, akā, e loaʻa iā ia, eʻae like hoʻokuʻu ma kahai lākou mau loina, no ka vastly okoa'āina.

ka paioʻana segregation

Ka mokupuni koe i ka pilikia o ka ae ana o ke keʻokeʻo hapanui a me ka eleele hapa. Segregation noke. I ka 1948 ka mea i hoopau ia ma ka Air Max. Ma World War II, he nuiʻApelika Waena Americans i mālama ai ma o ka maunakea, a kaulana, heʻe piʻoloke ihola hana. Ano ka mea, hiki e haawiia i ka hana a hiki i ka Motherland i loko o ka mea ana i keʻokeʻo.

Makahiki 1954 ia US kekahi nui nohona lanakila. Aie i ka loa-ke ano no o ka olelo hooholo o ka Aha Kiekie US mōʻaukala ma hope o ke Kaua Honua II i koho ma ka abolition o kaʻawale, hoʻonaʻauao 'ana i loko o nā kula ma ka lāhui. A laila, kauoha aku Ahaolelo Lahui hookupaa iho la ia no kaʻeleʻele kūlana o ke kanaka. US ke kiʻekiʻe ma luna o ke ala e alakai a hiki i ka piha abandonment o segregation a me ka hoʻokae. Kēia kaʻina Ua pau i ka 1960.

hoʻokele waiwai

Hōʻeleu i ka papa hana o kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia ma hope o ke Kaua Honua II alakai aku i kekahi 'ano kūkaʻi aneiai mea hoʻonui, i ua i kekahi manawa kapaia ka "gula makahiki o ka capitalism". Ua Ua kena ae la e mau aʻe, e like me ka ulia maʻEulopa. Ka manawa 1945-1952 GG. i noonoo Keynes au (Dzhon Keyns - i ka mea kākau o ka luawai-ike aneiai kumumanaʻo, e like me a na kauoha o ka Amerika Huipuia, i noho i loko o kēlā mau makahiki).

Ma o ka hana o Huipuia no ka Bretton Woods'ōnaehana i hoʻokumu. Kona hui e kōkua lahui kalepa, a ae e lawe mai i ka "Marshall Plan" (ua ka World Bank, o ka International koi pohō a dala, a no laila, ma luna o. D.). Ka waiwai mea hoʻonui i loko o ka United States alakai aku ai i ka pēpē mea hoʻonui - he heluna Naita me ia, i ka hopena o ka i i hoʻomaka koke ulu ka heluna o ke aupuni holoʻokoʻa.

Ka hoʻomaka o ka Hawaii War

I ka MH 1946, oiai ma kekahi kula makaikai i kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia, ua ka mua Pelekānia Kuhina Nui Kuhina Winston Churchill i hoopakele ae i kona kaulana i ka olelo ana i loko o ka mea ana i kapa aku i ka Soviet Union, a communism olelo hooweliweli i ka Western ao nei. I kēia moʻolelo manaʻo i kēia hanana o ka hoʻomaka o ka Hawaii War. Ma ka US, oiai ka pelekikena ua Garri Trumen. He, e like Churchill, manaoio aku la ia i ka Soviet Union pono hoopili aku i ka hana-laina hana. I loko nō o kona Keʻena Pelekikena (1946-1953) hope paʻa ai ka mahele ana o ke ao nei ma waena o nā ana ke kū'ē i kālai'āina nenoai.

Truman i ka mea kākau o ka "Truman ao ana", e like me a, ke Ihuanu, War ua he confrontation ma waena o nā aupuni 'Amelika a me ka Soviet totalitarian nenoai. Ka mua oiaio iwi o ka paio no ka superpowers mau ua Germany. E like me ka US olelo hooholo, West Pelelina i komo i loko o ka "Marshall Plan." Ke Soviet Union ma muli o kēia, i ke kulanakauhale i ke blockade. Ka ulia ana a hiki i 1949. E like me ka hopena o ia i loko o ka Hikina Kelemānia GDR ka mea i hanaia.

Alaila, hoomaka iho la i ka hou a no na mea kaua lāhui. Ma hope iho o ka bombings o Hiroshima a me Nagasaki , he ole hou ho'āʻo e hana i loko o nā kaua o nukelea warheads - ka mea, oki ae la ma hope o ka mea mua. Mahele World War, i ka US ua lawa i ka ike i ka lethality o hou Kao lele lako kaua. Naʻe, i ka lima lāhui i mua hoʻomaka 'ana. I ka 1949 ka Soviet Union ho'āʻo i ka nukelea pōkā pahū, a ma hope - hydrogen. ua nalowale Americans ka monopoly o kaua.

McCarthyism

Me ka mea hōʻemi o ana i loko o ka Soviet Union, a me kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia a hemo i ka propaganda kai eʻe, e kūkulu i ka hou kiʻi o kaʻenemi. "Red hoʻomakaʻu" Ua huli i loko o kekahi papahana no ka miliona o Americans. Ka loa ardent Anati-Communist, ua Senator Dzhozef Makkarti. He hoopiiia mai he nui kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻe nā loea kālai'āina a me ka lehulehu huahelu kōkua aloha i ka Soviet Union. Paranoid rhetoric McCarthy i koke hapai mai ma ka Media,.

KaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia ma hope o ka Apana World War, ma ka pōkole, ua naʻau Anati-Communist hysteria, kahi o nā mōhai, he kanaka, heʻano lōʻihi loa mai o ka hema-'ēheu. McCarthyites na ka Maʻi a pau o 'Amelika ke kaiāulu kanaka hewa ia poe kipi. Kā lākou ho'āhewa wale nā kākoʻo o ka uniona kālepa a me naʻe me ka Socialist bloc. Truman 'Aʻole nō naʻeʻo ia i ka manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni o ka Soviet Union, akā, okoa mai McCarthy ka hou ka lokomaikaʻi wale. Ke scandalous kenekoa a kokoke Republican Dwight Eisenhower i ka makahiki 1952 ua lanakila ka ia koho pelekikena koho.

McCarthyists luahi hoomaka ae la na mea he nui ka noiʻi a me Artists: haku mele Leonard Bernstein, physicist David Bohm, mea hana keaka Lee Grant, etc. no ka kiu i ka wahine, ua hana communists Iulio a me Ethel Rosenberg ... A publicity kai eʻe, e imi i na enemi, nae, koke nele. I ka pauʻana o ka makahiki 1954, ua hoounaia mai McCarthy i ka hilahila resignation.

Cuban Kao lele lako kaua hoʻoponopono ulia

France, Pelekane, ka United States ma hope o ke Kaua Honua II, a me nā Western aina i hana i ka oihana koa NATO. Soon kēia mau'āina hōʻike kākoʻo no South Korea ma ka paio kona ku ei ka Communists. Ka la mahope, i ka huli, i kōkua mai i ka Soviet Union a me China. Ka Korean War he makahiki 1950-1953. Ka mea, ua ka mua koa confrontation ma waena o nā nā piko o ko ke ao nei i ka 'oihana pili aupuni.

I ka 1959, he kipi i wahi i loko o ka kokoke United States, Cuba. I ka mana ma luna o ka mokupuni, hele mai la a hiki i ka Communists alakaiia'ku e Fidel Castro. Cuba hoʻohana i ka aneiai kākoʻo mai o ka USSR. A, ua laweʻia ka Soviet nukelea mea ma luna o ka mokupuni. Kona helehelena, ua kokoke i kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia alakai aku ai i ka Caribbean ulia - climax o ke anuanu War, i ka wa o ka honua ua ma luna o ka paepae puka o ka hou nukelea bombings. A laila, i ka 1962, US Peresidena John F. Kennedy ua hiki ke negotiate a me ka ole i ka aggravate i ka pilikia a me ka Soviet alakaʻi Nikita Khrushchev. Ke'ō i ua hooholoia. Ua hoʻomaka ke kulekele o gradual détente.