Ka mall hoʻolālā o ke kumuʻiʻo lātoma pae: haumāna 'ole o ke kumuʻiʻo

Ke kumu o ka 'ole o nā polokina, a proteids o ka polypeptide kaula, a me ke kumuʻiʻo lātoma ke komo ana o kekahi, elua a oi i puhi ai. Aka hoi, physical, liluwelo a me Nine Inch waiwai o biopolymers i kena ae ole wale he mau Nine Inch 'ole a i e ka "meaningless", akā, no hoi ma nā pae o ka hoʻolālā o ke kumuʻiʻo nā lātoma.

Ke iniiaiie 'ole o ke kumuʻiʻo me ka nānā' ana a me ka qualitative laupaʻi'aminoʻakika haku mele 'ana. ʻakika'amino paa ana i ke kumu o ka iniiaiie 'ole. No ka mea manawa mua keia kuhiakau? Aaeaaaaony i ka 1888 A. Ya. Danilevsky, a ma hope, ua hooko mai oia i Ua ulu maila ma ka hoʻololi kemikala o peptides i ua lawe mai e E. Fischer. Ka 'ole o ke kumuʻiʻo nā lātoma ma ka au mamuli hoʻokolokolo A. Ya. Danilevskim a me E. Fischer. E like me ia i kēia kumumanaʻo, ke kumuʻiʻo nā lātoma komo o ka helu nui o ka'aminoʻakika residues a i pili ma kaʻakika'amino paa. kumuʻiʻo lātoma hiki i kekahi a oi polypeptide na kaula.

A hiki i ka iniiaiie nā hale o nā polokina hoʻohana no ka hoao ana Nine Inch konohiki a me proteolytic nā'ūhū. Penei, ka hoʻohana 'ana i ke ano o Edman ka loa kupono e kuhikuhi i ka maʻi'amino nāʻakika.

Ka haumāna 'ole o ke kumuʻiʻo hōʻike he māhele hoʻonohonohoʻia o ke kumuʻiʻo lātoma. Aia nō i ka haumāna i kēia 'oleʻAno: Alpha-helix, Hoʻokolohua-ʻoni iho, collagen helix. ʻepekema, ua ike ia ka loa ano o ka Alpha-helix 'ole o ka peptides.

Ka haumāna 'ole o ke kumuʻiʻo ua stabilized ma ka mea o ka hydrogen paa. Ka hope e ala ma waena o ka hydrogen nā'ātoma palapala hoopaa i ka electronegative naikokene'Ātoma o kekahiʻakika'amino hoopaa, a me ka carbonyl oxygen ma'Ātoma o ka ha kekahi o kona'amino nāʻakika, a ua kauohaia ka mea, ma kaʻoni iho. Energy hoʻomaulia hōʻike i ka polymerization o kēia mau'amino nāʻakika mea oi efficient pono Alpha-helix, i mea i loaʻa i loko o kanaka maoli nā polokina.

Ka haumāna 'ole o ke kumuʻiʻo: Hoʻokolohua-pepa' ole

Polypeptide kaulahao ma Hoʻokolohua-pā i hoakaka ia mai. Hoʻokolohua-pā i hanaʻia ma ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o mauʻakika'amino paa. Kēia 'ole He ano fibrous nā polokina (keratin, fibroin, etc.). Ma kekahi, Hoʻokolohua-keratin wehewehe aku ma ka laua hoʻoponoponoʻana o Kamehameha o ka polypeptide kaula hao i ka poʻe i hou stabilized e interchain disulfide paa. Ke silika fibroin kokoke polypeptide na kaula i antiparallel.

Ka haumāna 'ole o ke kumuʻiʻo: collagen helix

Ka ho okumu ninoieo o ekolu spiralized tropocollagen kaula hao, a i ke koʻokoʻo shape. Spiralized kaula hoʻohuli akula a me ka hana i ka superhelix. Helix stabilized ma ka hydrogen paa ana ma waena o ka hydrogen o kaʻakika'amino ike'amino'aminoʻakika koena i loko o kekahi kaulahao, a me ka oxygen ma o ka carbonyl pae o ka'aminoʻakika koena o kekahi kaula. A hooku iho la collagen 'ole i hāʻawi mai kiʻekiʻe ka ikaika a me ka elasticity.

Ke tertiary 'ole o ke kumuʻiʻo

Ka hapanui o nā polokina ma ka maoli moku'āina i loa kana olelo hoopomaikai 'ole, a me ka nānā' ana i ke kinona, ka nui, a me ka polarity o ka'aminoʻakika radicals, a me ka'aminoʻakika kaʻina.

A nui ole ma ke kahua o ke kanaka maoli kumuʻiʻo conformation, a he tertiary hale i hydrophobic a me ka ionic hana kūleʻa, hydrogen mea paa, a pela aku .. Malalo o ka hana ana i kēia mau koa ua loaʻa thermodynamically pono conformation o ke kumuʻiʻo lātoma a me kona noaaeeecaoee.

Ka quaternary 'ole

Kēiaʻano o ka 'ole o ka lātoma o ka hopena o ka hui ana o kekahi mau subunits i loko o ka hoʻokahi lātoma eiiieaena. I ka haku mele 'ana o kēlā me kēia subunit kikowaena iniiaiie, kiʻekiʻe a me ka tertiary hale.