Globular a me ka fibrillar kumuʻiʻo: walaʻauʻana ano

Ka eha loa nui papa o ke aloha i huiʻia i nā māhele o ke kino. Nukelea nāʻakika, bipi kūpaluʻia, a me nā carbohydrates nā polokina. Ma ka hope, e e kūkākūkā i loko o kēia 'atikala.

He aha ka kumuʻiʻo?

Kēia pīlali Nine Inch hui kūkulu mai'amino nāʻakika. Nā polokina i ka luna '' ole.

Like synthesized kumuʻiʻo?

Kēia ia lŘlŘ ma na keena o ka meaola. Aia i kūikawā organelles i nā kuleana no kēia kaʻina. Kēia ribosome. Ka mea, he poe no nā māhele: ka poe liilii, a me ka nui, e hui i organelle. Ke kaʻina hana o ka synthesizing ka polypeptide kaulahao o ka'amino nāʻakika kapa unuhi.

He aha e'amino nāʻakika?

I loko nō o ka mea i nāʻano likeʻole o nā polokina i loko o ke kino olalo,'amino nāʻakika, mai i ka mea hiki ke hana, eia iwakalua wale. Oia ke 'ano o nā polokina ua loaʻa ma kekahi pu ana a me nā kaʻina o'amino nāʻakika, e like me kela noho hoopaaia lakou i loko o ka lewa.

'amino nāʻakika komo i loko o kā lākou Nine Inch haku mele 'ana o ke kue waiwai elua o ooieoeiiaeuiuo pūʻulu: carboxyl a me ka'amino pae, a me ka'ano'ē: onaona, aliphatic paha heterocyclic. Eia, hou ooieoeiiaeuiiai pūʻulu hiki e hoohui i radicals. O hiki e carboxylicʻakika pūʻulu,'amino pūʻulu, amide, hydroxyl, guanidovye pae. Nō hoʻi, i ka'ano'ē ke komo luaipele i loko o kā lākou haku mele 'ana.

Eia mea he papa inoa o nāʻakika mai i nā polokina hiki ke kūkulu:

• alanine;
• glycine;
• leucine;
• valine;
• isoleucine;
• threonine;
• serine;
• glutamicʻakika ;
• asparticʻakika ;
• glutamine;
• asparagine;
• arginine;
• lysine;
• methionine;
• cysteine;
• tyrosine;
• phenylalanine;
• histidine;
• tryptophan;
• proline.

O kēia, heʻumi nā nui - ka poe i hiki ole ke synthesized i loko o ke kanaka kino. Kēia valine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, histidine, arginine. Ka mea, pono e kino i ka ai. He nui o kēia mau'amino nāʻakika i loaʻa i loko o ka iʻa, pipi, ai, ai hua pisetakia, legumes.

Ke iniiaiie 'ole o ke kumuʻiʻo - He aha ka mea?

Kēia kaʻina o'amino nāʻakika i loko o ke kaulahao. Ike i ka iniiaiie 'ole o ke kumuʻiʻo, ka mea hiki e i kiko'ī Nine Inch haʻilula.

haumāna 'ole

He He ala o he olonā i o ka polypeptide kaula. Aia he mau koho no ka hoʻonohonohoʻia o ke kumuʻiʻo Alpha-helix a me ka Hoʻokolohua-ole. Ka haumāna 'ole o ke kumuʻiʻo ua hoakaka ia ma ka hydrogen paa ana ma waena o co- a me NH- pūʻulu.

Ke tertiary 'ole o ke kumuʻiʻo

Kēia māhele kohoʻia o kaʻoni iho a me ka papa hana o ka hoomoe ana i kekahi loa. Ua i nā disulfide a me kaʻakika'amino Nine Inch paa.

Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka 'ano o tertiary hale noho fibrous a me ka globular nā polokina. Ka hope i ka spherical shape. 'Ole fibrillar nā polokina kohu ka pae i ua hana ma ka multilayer stacking Hoʻokolohua hale a laua hoʻoponoponoʻana o Kamehameha no kekahi mau Alpha-hale.

Ka quaternary 'ole

He ano no nā polokina a i haku no i kekahi, akā, kekahi mau polypeptide mau kaula. Oia nā polokina i kapaia oligomeric. Kanaka kaulahao komo i loko o ko lākou haku mele 'ana, kapaʻia protomers. Protomers, a ua kūkulu mai ka oligomeric kumuʻiʻo hiki i nāʻo ia a me kekahi iniiaiie, kiʻekiʻe a tertiary 'ole.

He aha ka denaturation?

Keia luku ana o ka quaternary, tertiary, haumāna kumuʻiʻo nā hale, a ma ka mea haalele i kona Nine Inch, a physical ka waiwai a me ka hiki ole hou hooko kona kūlana ma ke kino. Kēia kaʻina hana ke hana ana i ka hopena o ke kiʻekiʻe mahana kumuʻiʻo (mai 38 kekelē Kelekia ma, akā, no kēlā me kēia Palapala kumuʻiʻo, keia huahelu) aʻano pākīkē 'ona e like me nāʻakika a me alkalis.

Kekahi nā polokina e hiki no annealing - ka resumption o kona palapala 'ole.

Mea Maluna o nā polokina

Ua haawiia ka Nine Inch haku mele 'ana, ka mea, ua mahele ia i hoʻomālamalama mai, a eiiieaena.

Simple nā polokina (nā polokina) - i ka poe i pihaʻi me wale i ka'amino nāʻakika.

Complex nā polokina (proteid) - ka poe mea i haku o ka prosthetic pūʻulu.

Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka 'ano o prosthetic pae o nā polokina hiki ke maheleia i:

• lipoprotein (i loaʻa ka lipids);
• nucleoproteins (haku i nukelea nāʻakika);
• chromoproteids (no pigments);
• fosfoproteidy (i haku o phosphoricʻakika);
• metalloproteins (no ke hooheheeia);
• glycoproteins (oia hoi o ka ai ana carbohydrates).

Eia kekahi, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka 'ano o globular tertiary' ole kūpono a me ka fibrillary kumuʻiʻo. Ua hiki e like na mea a eiiieaena.

Waiwai o fibrous nā polokina a me kā lākou kūlana ma ke kino

Ka mea hiki ke maheleia i ekolu pūʻulu ke kaumaha ma muli o ka haumāna 'ole:

• Alpha-ole. O nā keratin, myosin, tropomyosin a me na mea e ae.
• Hoʻokolohua 'ole. No ka laʻana, fibroin.
• Collagen. Kēia kumuʻiʻo, a i ka kūikawā haumāna 'ole, i mea aole Alpha-helix, aole hoi i ka Hoʻokolohua-ole.

Waiwai fibrillar nā polokina i loko o nā mea a pau ekolu pūʻulu moe i loko o ka mea i ka mea, i ka filamentary tertiary 'ole, a me ka mea i wailana i loko o ka wai.

E ka kamailio e pili ana i ka papa kuhikuhiE fibrillar nā polokina hou ma ka mea:

• Keratins. Kēia holoʻokoʻa pūʻulu o nā nā polokina, a nō ka nui ke keʻena o ka lauoho, kui, hulu, hulu hipa, pu, hooves a me ka mea e like, D. Eia kekahi, i ka fibrillar kumuʻiʻo cytokeratin keia pūʻulu mea he hapa o na keena ho okumu i ka cytoskeleton.
• Myosin. Keia waiwai, i ka hapa o ka Muscle olona. A me actin, ka fibrillar kumuʻiʻo mea he contractile, a hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka functioning o na nāʻiʻo.
• Tropomyosin. Kēia lako e he a mau intertwined Alpha helices. Ua mea i kekahi hapa o ka Muscle.
• Fibroin. Kēia kumuʻiʻo ua hoʻokuʻuʻia he nui nā mea kolo, a arachnids. He ka papa kuhikuhiE ke keʻena o ka pūnaewele a me ka silika.
• Collagen. 'O kēia ka loa, he pono ole fibrillar kumuʻiʻo i loko o ke kanaka kino. He hapa o ka tendon, cartilage, Muscle, ipu koko,ʻili, a laila, ma luna o. D. kēia mea hoʻolako elasticity nā'aʻaʻa. collagen i loko o ke kino emi me ka elemakule, a no ia mea, na wrinkles ana ma luna o kaʻili, nawaliwali ligaments a me tendons, a me ka 'ole. d.

Next noonoo i ka lua o ka pae ana o nā polokina.

Globular nā polokina:ʻano likeʻole, ka waiwai a me ka liluwelo kūlana

Waiwai o keia pae i he spherical shape. Ka mea hiki e wailana i loko o ka wai, mekala 'åkilikai pāʻoihana, nāʻakika a me ka paʻakai.

Ka loa, he pono ole globular nā polokina i loko o ke kino e.

• Albumins: ovalbumin, lactalbumin, a pela aku ..
• Globulins: ke koko nā polokina A 'ē aʻe (e laʻa me, hemoglobin, myoglobin.).

E aʻo hou e pili ana i kekahi o ia mau mea:

• Ovalbumin. Kēia kumuʻiʻo nā 60 pakeneka Kepakailiula keʻokeʻo.
• Lactalbumin. Ke kumu nui ke keʻena o ka waiu.
• Hemoglobin. Kēia luna 'globular kumuʻiʻo, i komo pū me ka heme prosthetic pūʻulu mea i hiki mai - o ka pae o ka pigment i loaʻa ka hao. Hemoglobin ua hookomoia ma ka ula koko keena. Kēia kumuʻiʻo, i mea hiki ke paa me ka o oxygen, a, e lawe aku ia.
• Myoglobin. He He kumuʻiʻo i like i ka hemoglobin. Ua hanaʻia ka mea ia hana - e lawe aku no hoi ka oxygen. Oia ka kumuʻiʻo na i loko o ka Muscle (cardiac a me ka striated).

Ano, ia oe i ke kumu o kaʻokoʻa ma waena o na mea a eiiieaena, fibrillar a me globular nā polokina.