Ka mua luna o Rusia. Nā luna o nā kahiko Rusia: Chronology a me ka piʻi like

Ma ka kūāhewa o ka hikina 'Eulopa Plain Slavs ola mai ka manawa mau loa aku, ka pololei kūpuna. Nō mai i ike i ka wa e hele ilaila. Ka mea a ka mea, ua, akā, koke aku la laua noho kaiāulu ma ka? Aiiioe? Nui o ia mau makahiki. Slavic kūlanakauhale a me nā kauhale kū aʻela ia mai ka Baltic a hiki i ka Black Sea. I loko nō o ka mea i ka mea, he poe i ka heihei-ohana, ka oi aku o ka maluhia ana ma waena o ia i ole mamua.

Ka ikaika infighting koke hoonani tribal aliʻi i koke nei i mea nui, a hoomaka ae la e alii ai maluna o ka mea a pau Kievan Rus. Ka mea, ua ka mua luna o Rusia, nona ka inoa i iho mai ia iā mākou ma ka moʻo pau ole o nā kenekulia i hala i hope o laila.

Riurik (862-879)

About ka ike maopopo ana i keia mōʻaukala huahelu nō e kūpikipiki'ō hoopaapaa i waena o kānakaʻepekema. Ina he ua mea he kanaka, a he like ke ano, hooeueuia lakou e ka pau ana o na luna o Rusia mua. Ina paha oia i ke kanaka, ina he Slav. Ma ke ala, ua aneane e i ike e pili ana i ka poe e noho ana na luna o Rusia ma mua Rurik, no laila, ua pau ua ma muli wale nō ke ma luna o nā nā mea mahuʻi ma keia mea.

Slavic me Kinohi He loa ia paha, no ka mea, hiki Rurik inoa kapakapa unuhi 'ia i loko o Norman olelo haawiia i like "Rurik" ka inoa kapakapa no ka manu lele, a me a ka Old Slavonic'ōlelo. Ka mea a ka mea, ua, akā, i ka mea, ua noʻonoʻo pono i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā a pau i ka Old Lūkini moku'āina. Rurik bedinil (e like me ka mea i ma nā mea a pau e hiki ai), he nui Slavicʻohana ma lalo o kona lima.

Naʻe, i loko o kēia mea, me ka loli iki pomaikai, kokoke na luna o Rusia a pau. He mahalo i kā lākou mau hana, ko kakou aupuni i keia mea e like me ka nuiʻoihana ma luna o ka honua palapala'āina.

Oleg (879-912)

Aia ua Rurik ka keiki a Igor, akā,ʻo ua oi aku'ōpiopio i ka manawa o ka make a kona makua kāne, akā, no ka mea, i ka Luna Nui Duke lilo kona aʻoʻia, Oleg. He hoonani i kona inoa a me ka militancy o ka loaa ana ia i ukali ma luna o ka oihana koa ala. No kupaianaha kona kai eʻe ma luna o Constantinople, nana i wehe i ka Slavs mea hiki ole ka manaʻolana 'ia, mai ka pukaʻana oihana kūpono me kahi loihi hikina aina. Kona wā ua mahaloia ia no laila mea i kapaia "wānana Oleg".

O papa, ka mua ma luna o Rusia, he kaʻao na kii no laila, i kā lākou maoli hoʻomanaʻo mākou e paha, aole ike no ka paa, akā, Oleg maoli i ka poʻokela kanaka.

Igor (912-945)

Igor, ke keiki a Rurik, no ka laʻana Oleg kekahi pinepine ae la oia hele ma Hikes, pili i ka hailona o ka'āina, akā, ka mea, ua i like holomua koa, a me kona kai eʻe ma luna o Helene a me nā mea a pau i loaa ole ia. Ua ua uaua, pinepine "hemo" i ka luku ohana a hiki i ka hope, no ka i ka mea hope uku. Igor ia i drevlyans ia mea i oluolu, i ka manao e lawe polyude paukū nui. He i ole e hoolohe mai, a ua make. I mau, e pili ana i kekahi manawa, hai aku la i ka TV papahana "ka luna o Rusia."

Olga (945-957)

Eia naʻe, drevlyans koke minamina i kana hana. Igor ka wahine a Olga, mua i hana me ka mau o ko lākou mau conciliatory na elele, a laila, puhi i ke kumu nui kulanakauhale Drevlyane, Korosten. Wā hoike ana ia mea he kupaianaha naau a me ka mea e makemake ai oolea. Ma kona noho aliʻi,ʻo ia i lilo aku i ka hookahi'īniha o ka aina i lilo ia i ke kane, a me kona mau kūpuna. Ua ua ike i aponoia Kristiano ma o kona hope makahiki.

Svjatoslav (957-972)

Svyatoslav hele aku la i kona mau kūpuna, Oleg. I ka oko ao ka makau ole, decisiveness, directness. Ua he koa nui, tamed a lanakila na ohana o ka Slavs, pinepine pepehi hou Pechenegs, no ka poe i inaina. Like nā luna o Rusia, he makemake ko (ina he mea hiki) e negotiate "hihia." Ināʻae na ohana e ae aku i ka supremacy o Kiev, a uku aku la a me ka hoʻokupu, a ua noho ka ia i nā luna.

Pili a undefeated Vyatichi (i he makemake ko e kaua i loko o kā lākou impenetrable nahele), wehe ia i ka Khazars, a laila, i Tmutarakan. I loko nō o ka uuku ka nui o kona paukū ana kaua me ka Bulgarians ma ke Danube. He lanakila Adrianople, a hooweliweli, e lawe Constantinople. Helene makemake e uku aku ka waiwai hookupu. Ma ke ala hoʻi, ua make ia me ke kime ma ka Dnieper rapids, ua make ma ka mea hookahi Pechenegs. Ua Ua ea ae ka hana i nā pahi kaua a me na koena o ka ipu ia i kona paukū loaʻa i ka hana o ka Dnieper.

General ano o ka 1st kenekulia

Mai laila, nā ma luna o ka noho aliʻi i noho aliʻi ai, hoomaka iho la i nā mua luna o Rusia ke au o mau unrest, a me ka paio, e hele mai i ka hopena. A laila, hele mai la na hoahanau o ka papa: aliʻi pu kokua aku i ka palena mai o ke keleawe a me ka hae nomadicʻohana, a me ka mea, ma ka huli, hoopaa ia e kōkua i nā koa, a me ka uku i ka waiwai auhau i ka mea pilikino ohi o ka waiwai hookupu. I ka papa kuhikuhiE manao o ka poe luna he Khazars: i ia manawa e uku ia i ka waiwai auhau (ole maʻamau, ka mea ia manawa ke kaua), he nui Slavic ohana, a nui ke olonā wāwae o ka mana o ke kikowaena aupuni.

pilikia kekahi i ka nele o na manaoio. Ma ka Slavs, ka mea i lanakila Constantinople, manaʻo me ka hoʻowahāwahāʻia, e like me ia ma ia manawa mua 'Imi hoʻouka kekahi monotheism (Iudaio, Kristiano), a me ka poe Genetile mea paha i ka holoholona. Akā, ohana 'Imi pale ho'āʻo a pau, e ālai ia' me ko lakou manaoio. Kēia narrate "ka luna o Rusia" - i ka manaʻoe kūkulu he mea nō oiaio no ka ike maopopo ana o ke au.

Kēia ka poʻea pau i ka mea ulu i loko o ka helu ana o na mea uuku turmoil i loko o ka opiopio moku'āina. Akā, Olga, ka poe i hoohuliia mai i Kristiano, a hoomaka ae la e paipai a condone i ke kukulu o ka Karistiano ekalesia ma Kiev, wālua i ke ala no ka bapetizo ana o ka aina. E hoomaka ana o ka lua o ke kenekulia i loko i nā luna o ka wa kahiko Rusia i hana i ka hailona no na mea nui.

St. Vladimir. Sts (980-1015)

E like me ka makou i ike, ma waena o Yaropolk, Oleg a me Vladimir, ka poe hooilina Svyatoslav, au aole loa ia i ke aloha hoahanau. Ia i kōkua i kona makua kāne i kona wā e ola ia i ho'ākāka 'ia no kela mea keia mea o lakou i ko lakou aina. Ke upshot ua i luku ai i ka poe hoahanau Vladimir, a hoomaka ae la e noho aliʻi wale nō.

Kēia aliʻi, ma luna o ke kahiko Rusia, aihue Red Rus regiments, a he nui kaua bravely ku ei ka Pechenegs a me ka Bulgarians. He lilo kaulana me ka lokomaikaʻi aliʻi i hoolaia mai ai lakou i ke gula, e hāʻawi aku i nā makana no ka poʻe kupaʻa ia ia. Mua,ʻo ia lawe kokoke e pau Karistiano ekalesia a me ka ekalesia, a i kūkulu i kona makuwahine, a me ka mea mau Karistiano kaiāulu i ae a eia i hoomaau mai ia ia.

Akā, ke kahua kālai'āina ua like ia i ka aina e pono ai, e alakai i ka monotheism. Eia hou kekahi, wā olelo e pili ana i puka mai ai ma ke alii a hiki i ka Byzantine Alii wahine Anna ka manao ikaika. A pagan ia ia i kekahi e haawi mai. No laila,ʻae akula i nā luna o ke kahiko Rusia ma ka pono e e bapetizoia.

I mea no ke aha la ia i loko o ka makahiki 988 i wahi i ka bapetizo ana o ka luna, a pau kona entourage, a laila, hoomaka ae la ka hou hoomana e hohola iho la iwaena o na kanaka. Basil a me Constantine, Auguseto o Byzantium, haawiia Anna ma Prince Vladimir. About Vladimir wā i'ōlelo mai ai me ka ikaika, paakiki (i kekahi manawa, i lokoʻino) kanaka, akā, ua aloha aku ia ia no kona honesty, ano hoopono a me ka fairness. I ka ekalesia i keia manawa i ka hoolea ana i ka mō'ī ka inoa, no ka mea, i kona wā i lilo ai i massively kūkulu i ka aina o ka luakini a me ka ekalesia. Ka mea, ua ka mua luna o Rusia, i bapetizoia iho la.

Sviatopolk (1015-1019)

Like kona makua kāne, Vladimir i kona wa e ola ana, ua haawi mai ka aina i kana mau keiki lehulehu: Svyatopolk, Izyaslav, Jaroslaw, Mstislav, Svyatoslav, Boris a me Gleb. Ma hope iho o ka makua kāne make, Sviatopolk hoʻoholo ihola e alii ai maluna o wale, a kauoha ae i ka wehe 'ia o ko lākou mau hoahānau, akā, ua kipaku mai Kiev ma Yaroslav o Novgorod.

Me ke kōkua o ke Polish King Boleslaw ke koa, ka mea, ua hiki i ka Haku i ke kiʻekiʻe Kiev, akā kanaka i ia me. Soon, la oia i haʻakoiʻia e holo aku i ke kūlanakauhale, a laila, make iho la ma ke alanui. Kona make - he pouli moʻolelo. Ua Ua ea ae ia oia i kona ola iho. I ka poʻe moolelo hoi inoa kapakapa "hoino mai."

Yaroslav Mudry (1019-1054)

Jaroslav koke lilo iho la i kuokoa luna o Kievan Rus. Pepeiaohao nui no ka manao nui, ua hana mai ka hailona no ka hooulu ana o ka moku'āina. Kūkulu nui monasteries, ka pilina i ka hoʻomalele o ke kākau 'ana. Kona kilo e pili ana i ka "Lūkini He oiaio", i ka mua kūhelu ohi ana i kānāwai, a waiho iho la ma ko makou aina. Like kona mau kūpuna, koke aku la na keiki o ka aina mau mea e kukaʻi, akā, loa hoopaiia "e noho me ka maluhia, i ka hoopunipuni o kekahi i kekahi,ʻaʻole koho."

Izjaslav (1054-1078)

Izyaslav no ke keikikane makahiapo a Yaroslav. Initially na rula Kiev, ike okoa ia ia iho me he aliʻi maikaʻi, akā, na kanaka ike pehea e loaaʻoi aku ka pono a. pâʻani 'o hope, a he kūlana. A hiki aku la ia i Polovtsy, a waiho wale aku no i ka setback i loko o ke kai eʻe, ua wale lele mai na kanaka o Kiev ia, kii aku la lakou ma ka noho alii o kona kaikaina, Svyatoslav. a make ihola ia ma hope, Izyaslav hoi aku i ke kulanakauhale.

Holo nōhie, ka mea, ua he luna loa maikai, akā, kona kaʻana like 'ana, hina iho la nani paakiki manawa. Like nā luna i kakahiaka nui a pau o Kievan Rus, ka mea, he ia ke hoʻoponopono i ka hailona o ka pilikia nīnau.

General ano o ka 2nd kenekulia

Ma nā kenekulia mai ka Rusia kū mai kekahi mau aneane kuokoa ko na'lii,: Kiev (ka loa mana), Chernigov, Rostov-Suzdal (Vladimir-Suzdal hope), Galicia-Volyn. Kū kaʻawale ku Novgorod. Ka hoʻokukeʻana vechem ke kumu hoohalike o ka Helene polis,ʻo ia nui nana ma luna o nā aliʻi,ʻaʻole he pono.

I loko nō o kēia fragmentation, formally Rusia ua nō manaoia e ia he aupuni kūʻokoʻa moku'āina. Jaroslaw ua hiki i ka pahu aku kona palena a hiki i ka Ros River (i ka hookupu ana o ka Dnieper). Ma lalo o Vladimir aupuni i Kristiano, ulu ole o Byzantium ma luna o kona na mea.

No laila, ma ke poo o ka lānai hou hana Kauhalenui Church ku, mau moʻolelo 'ana no Constantinople. Ka hou ka manaoio i lawe mai ai me ia,ʻaʻole wale nō i ka hoʻomana akā, i ka hou Hawaiʻi, hou kānāwai. Alii ma ia manawa hana ma ka Concert me ka ekalesia, kūkulu nui hou ekalesia, e paipai hoʻonaʻauao 'ana o kona poe kanaka. A no loko mai o kēia manawaʻo ia i noho ai i ke kaulana Nestor, no ke kumu o ka lehulehu i kākau mooolelo o ka manawa.

Eia naʻe, ka mea, ua ole pela ala apuupuu. Mau pilikia, ua like ikaika kaua o nomads, a me na paio, mau haehaeia aina, nele o kona mana. I kāheaʻia Nestor, mea kākau o ka "hoahu" mai o ia mau mea, "moans ka aina Lūkini." Hoʻomaka i ka hōʻike manaʻo hoʻonaʻauao o ka Ekalesia, aka, ia mea ino i na kanakaʻae i ka hou hoʻomana.

Pela i hoomaka ai ka kolu o ka kenekulia.

Vsevolod I (1078-1093)

Vsevolod mua hiki pono e hele ia ma ka mōʻaukala me ka kükohu aliʻi. He uaʻano hōʻoio, hoʻopono, ka pilina i ke kahua a me ka hooulu ana i kākau 'ōlelo, ua ike iho la elima' ōlelo a pau. Akā,ʻo ia i ole i ka ulu koa a me ka mau talena. Ikaika kaua Polovtsy, maʻi ahulau, maloʻo, a me ka wi eʻaʻole i hoʻokumu i kona mana. Wale i kana keiki Vladimir, hope inoa kapakapa Monomakh, a noho iho ma luna o ka noho aliʻi o kona makua kāne (i ka hihia kū hoʻokahi i waena o nā mea a pau).

Sviatopolk II (1093-1113)

He ke keiki a Izyaslav, ka oko ao ka maikai ano, akā,ʻo uaʻano nāwaliwali loa-Ke makemake nei anei i loko o kekahi mau mea, e hoolilo ana i kekahi luna i noʻonoʻo no ka Luna Duke. Eia naʻe,ʻo ia ma luna o loa pono: E hoolohe i ka'ōlelo aʻo a ka ua Vladimir Monomakh, ma Dolobskom Ahaolelo Lahui i ka 1103, ua hookonokono ae la i kona mau hoa, e lawe i ka ami kai eʻe ma luna o ka "hoohewaia oia" Polovtsian, a laila, i ka 1111, uaʻulupā mea.

Koa? Iecaianoaaiiuo ua alahula mau. Grand mākualiʻi o Polotsk, kokoke elua kakini i make ma ia kaua. Ua lanakila ka leo nui palahalaha ae ma na aina Slavic i loko o nā ka Hikina a me ke Komohana.

Vladimir Monomakh (1113-1125)

I loko nō o ka mea i seniority i ole oia e lawe i ka noho aliʻi o Kiev, Vladimir Ua koho 'ia ka lōkahi olelo hooholo. Kēiaʻano o ke aloha i ka manawa i pohihihi keia pili aupuni, a me kou tālena o Haku. Kaulana manao, ka manaʻo politika a me nā koa ikaika, ua koa loa i ka kaua hana.

Kēlā me kēia kai eʻe ma luna o Polovtsian noʻonoʻo Holiday (Cumans kona mau manao ka mea, i kaʻana). A ia Monomakh overly ikaika loa lakou ma ka mea o ka Kuokoa o nā aliʻi i ikaika hoʻopōkole 'oe. Na lau mamo "Na Ke Kumu no Children", i nā kūkākūkā e pili ana i ka nui o ka pono a me ka selfless hana i ka Motherland.

Mstyslav au (1125-1132)

Ma hope o nā kauoha a kona makua kāne,ʻo ia i noho ai i loko o ke ao nei a me kona poe hoahanau a me nā aliʻi, akā, wela kona huhū i kekahi, hoʻomaoe hou akula o ke kipi a me ka alualu o kivila hakakā. No laila, aliʻi Polovtsian ia wahine e ukuhi i ia mai o ka aina, ma hope a ka mea i pio e holo i pakele ai, mai ka luna o ka eha ma ka naau i loko o Byzantium. I mau, he nui no na luna o Kievan Rus ho'āʻo e wale pepehi i ko lakou poe enemi.

Jaropolk (1132-1139)

He ua ikeia no kona akamai kālai'āina hana malu, a ho'ōla huli hoʻi i ka hewa ma ka pili ana i ka "Monomakh". I ka pau ana o kona noho aliʻi,ʻo ia nō, e hele i ka noho aliʻi i kona kaikaina i hana ole, a me kāna keiki hanauna. Ua aneane 'aʻole i hiki i ka unrest, akā, mea no ka noho aliʻi, hoʻi nā mamo a Oleg Sviatoslavovych, "O.". 'Aʻole no ka lōʻihi, nae.

Vsevolod II (1139-1146)

Vsevolod ka oko o kona kulana maikai inclinations luna, alii iho la oia naʻauao a me ka paa. Akā,ʻo ia makemake e hele i ka nohoalii Igoryu Olegovichu, mālama 'i ka "O.". Akā, na kanaka o Kiev i ole hoohewahewa Igor, la oia i haʻakoi e lawe monastic hoʻohikiʻana, a laila, pau loa i ka make.

Izjaslav II (1146-1154)

Akā, e noho ana o Kiev, ua lealea me ka Izyaslav II Mstislavovich i kona maikaʻi loa kālai'āina,ʻoiai,ʻoihana koa a me ka manao vividly haʻahaʻa akula ia i kona kupunakane, Monomakh. Ua i ka mea nana i hoʻolauna i ka i koe, mai ka unquestioned rula o ka manamana nui: ina oe e noho i loko o ke aliʻi makua kāne e like mea, ke keiki e kiʻi hiki ole i kona noho aliʻi.

Au i loko o ka weliweli feud me Yuri Vladimirovich, Prince o Rostov-Suzdal. Kona inoa e e olelo aku i kekahi mea i na mea he nui, akā, mahope Yuri Dolgoruky prozovut. Izyaslav palua ia e holo mai Kiev, akā, ma mua o kona make ana, ua ole ia i ka noho aliʻi.

Yuri Dolgorukiy (1154-1157)

Yuri hope keia komo ai i ka noho aliʻi o Kiev. Ua noho ma luna o ka mea no ka wale nō ekolu makahiki, oia ua loaʻa he hailona: hiki hoona oia (a hoʻopaʻi) aliʻi, ka pilina e hoohui i ka shattered aina ma lalo o ka mana ikaika. Akā, kana hana a pau ua pointless, oiai, Dolgoruky bickering ma waena o nā aliʻi ma hope o ka make akula nô ia me ka hana hou ia ka lohi ole.

Mstyslav II (1157-1169)

Ua mea e make ai, a i nuku alakai ai i ka mea i loko o ka noho alii ana o Mstislav II Izyaslavovich. He ua he aliʻi maikaʻi, akā, ka oko ao i oi aku ka pono imua, a hana aku la Knyazhye hoʻopaʻapaʻa ( "māhele a me ka noho alii ana"). Ua pepehi hoʻolele mai Kiev Andrei Yurevich, ke keiki a Dolgoruky. Ua ua ikeia ma ka moolelo ma lalo o ka inoa kapakapa Bogolyubsky.

I ka 1169, Andrew i ole kaupalena i ka expulsion o kaʻinoʻenemi o kona makua kāne, ka poʻe e aa ana i ka Kiev lepo. No lailaʻo ia i ka hoʻopaʻiʻana i ka mea ia manawa, a me na kanaka o Kiev, ka mea i loaʻa iā ia ma laila, loaa ka maʻa o ke aliʻi, e kipaku i kekahi manawa, e kahea ana i kona Duchy o ka mea nana e olelo hoopomaikai mai ai ia i "ka berena a me ka circuses".

Andrew Bogolyubskii (1169-1174)

A hiki i Andrew i ma mana, ua neʻe mailaʻo ia i koke ke poʻo a hiki i kona kulanakauhale punahele, Vladimir ma ka Klyazma. Mai laila, hoomaka ae la ka Hoʻohaku kulana o Kiev koke i ka mea hoʻonāwaliwali i. Ka pau o ke ola ana ua lilo kalakala a me ka overbearing, Bogolyubskii makemake eʻae i ka hainā o na mea he nui o na boyars, ke aikane, e hookupaa ai ia i autocratic mana. He nui nā kanaka i makemake ia, akā, no ka mea, Andrew, ua pepehi i ke kipi.

Pēlā i hana ai i ke aliʻi mua o Rusia? I ka papaʻaina i hāʻawi mai i ka mau pane i kēia mea.

manawa	hiʻona
mua kenekulia	Creation o ka prototype o ka ikaika a me ka hoʻokahi moku'āina, i ka hoomalu ana o kona mokuna, mai enemi. Ke apono o ke Karistiano , e like me ka nui kālai'āina a me ka nohona mua
lua o ka kenekulia	Hou ia? Anoe? O ka ?? eoi? O Rusia, ka confrontation me ka ho'āʻo e "separatism"
kolu o kenekulia	E möakäka hou xi o hou aina, pacification o ka meaʻeha ma ka naʻau aliʻi, e hana preconditions no ka autocracy

I rula, o ka ia me ka hana ana i ka luna o Rusia a pau, mai Rurik i Putin. Table olelo lealea i ka kekahi, a pau ia mau kālā a mākou kanaka i ae i loko o ka pilikia ala o ka lilo ana o ka moku'āina.