Grand makualii ma Rusia. Nā luna o ke au kahiko o Rusia

Kievan Rus - medieval moku'āina, a ku ae la ma ka IX kenekulia. Ka mea mua nui makualii hoonoho iho la i kona noho ana ma ke kulanakauhale o Kiev, a, e like me ke kaʻao, i hoʻokumu i loko o ka VI. ekolu hoahanau - Kyi, Scheck a me Horeba. hele koke i ka moku'āina i loko o flowering pae, a noho i ka nui lahui kūlana. Kēia i kōkua ai i nā ma ke kukuluia'na o ka pili aupuni a me ka kuai ana a me ka mana mau hoalauna, Byzantium a me ka Khazar Khanate.

Askold Board

Ka inoa "Russian Land" i häʻawi mai ai iä ka moku'āina a me kona kapikala ma Kiev i ka noho alii ana o Askold (IX keneta.). Ma "moʻolelo o Bygone makahiki," i kona inoa ua oleloia e hiki mai ana i ka Dir - kaikuaʻana. I ka lā, loaʻa nō oleʻikepili ma luna o kona papa. Ua haawi kumu no ka nui o nā moʻolelo (e like me, Rybakovu B. A.) i ka hui i ka inoa o ke kia a me kekahi inoa kapakapa Askold. A, nō unresolved ninau o ke kumu o ka mua Kievan luna. Kekahi noiʻi manaʻoʻiʻo lākou Varangian kiaaina, ae loaa ke kumu o Askold a me Dir , mai ke kula (Kiya mamo).

"Moʻolelo o Bygone Nam" haawi kekahi mea nui ka 'ike e pili ana i ka noho alii ana o Askold. I ka 860,ʻo ia i ka holomua kai eʻe i Byzantium, a hiki ma kahi o ka hebedoma e paa ana ia i loko o obloge Constantinople. Wahi a ke kaʻao, la oia i ka Byzantine aliʻi i hoʻomaopopo Rusia me he kuokoa moku'āina. Akā, i loko o 882 ka mea, ua make Askold, Oleg, i laila, e noho ana ma luna o ka noho aliʻi o Kiev.

Oleg Board

Oleg - ka mua Grand Aliʻi o Kiev, ka mea i alii iho la oia ma 882-912 makahiki. Wahi a ke kaao ana, oia ka loaa ana i ka mana i loko o Novgorod ma Rurik i ka 879, ke kuhina nui o kana keiki keiki, a laila, neʻe akula i kona paʻa noho ma Kiev. I ka 885 Oleg i pili i kona na'lii aina Radimichi Slaven Krivichy, a laila, i ka holo ana a hiki i Ulichi a me Tivertsy. I ka 907ʻo ia i ku e mai i ka poe ikaika Byzantine aupuni a pau. Ka mea maikaʻi loa ka lanakila Oleg Nestor hōʻike ma ka au mamuli o kana hana. Grand Duke hele ole wale kōkua e hoʻoikaika i ka oihana o Rusia i loko o ka International Arena, akā, i wehe ke kōkua o ke dute-naiaiaiay yeiiiie? Aneay me ka Byzantine aupuni a pau. New lanakila Oleg ma Constantinople i ka 911 hookupaa iho la ia i ka pomaikai o Lūkini poe kuai.

I kēia mau hanana kekahi kala kahua o ka ho okumu ana o ka hou ana a me ke kikowaena ma Kiev, a hoʻomaka i ka wā o kona nui pomaikai.

Igor a Olga ka noho alii ana

Ma hope iho o ka make ana o Oleg hele mai i ka mana i ke keiki a Rurik - (. 912-945 GG) Igor. Like kona, hoʻokomo, Igor i ka hana me ka hookuli aliʻi subordinate tribal kuikahi nei,. Kona noho alii ana hoʻomaka me ka clash Drevlyane, hoahewa a me Tivertsy, ma ka Grand Duke uhi excessive hoʻokupu. Oia ke kulekele, a hoakaka i kona pōʻino e hiki mai ka make ma ka lima o ke kipi Drevlyane. Wahi a ke kaao ana, ia Igor hookahi manawa hou i hele mai e ohi i ka hoʻokupu, ka mea, kulou iho la birch laau elua, ua nakinakiia i na luna o kona mau wawae, a hookuu.

Ma hope iho o ka make ana o ka luna pii o ka noho aliʻi o kana wahine Olga (945-964 GG.). I ka papa kuhikuhiE Pahuhopu o kona maalea ua hoopai no ka make ana o kana kane. Ua ku a pau antiryurikovskie naʻau i loko Drevlyane, a mahope subordinate i ko lakou mana. Eia hou, a me ka inoa Olga Nui e pili ana i ka mua ho'āʻo bapetizo ana o Kievan Rus, a ua hoʻokuʻikahi. Kahua i ka moku'āina hoomana ana o ka olelo hoolaha a Karistiano, hoomau aku i kēia i ka Luna makualii.

Svyatoslav Board

Svyatoslav - ke keiki a Igor a me Olga - na rula i loko o 964-980 makahiki. He mea no ia i hana i loko o kekahiʻano pākīkē kuwaho, a kokoke i ole malama e pili ana i ka na pilikia o ka moku'āina. Mua, i kona kaawale, i ka hooponopono ana i loko o Olga, a ma hope o kona make ana ekolu māhele o ka moku'āina noho (Kiev, Drevlyansky'āina a me Novgorod) i alai ai ia e ka nui Lūkini aliʻi Jaropolk, Oleg a me Vladimir.

Svyatoslav i ka holomua kai eʻe ma luna o ka Khazar Khanate. Ma mua o kona entourage hiki ole ke ku imua o ia i ka pā kaua ikaika me Samandar, Sarkel Itil. I ka 967,ʻo ia a hemo i ka Balkan kai eʻe. Svyatoslav hoopio panalāʻau e noho i loko o ka haahaa ino i o ka Danube, i Pereyaslav a kanu malaila kona hope. I kekahi huakaʻi i ka Balkans ka mea, ua hiki ke hoolilo i ka mea holoʻokoʻa Pulakalia. Akā, ma ke alanui i ka hale Svyatoslav paukū ana ua hee o Pechenegs, i wahi ma collusion me ka Byzantine Auguseto. a make iho la i ka Grand Duke i ka obloge.

Vladimira Velikogo Board

Vladimir i ke illegitimate keiki a Svyatoslav, i hānauʻia mai Malusha - housekeeper Princess Olga. Makua i ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka luna nui ma luna o ka noho aliʻi ma Novgorod, akā, i loko o ka hakakāʻo ia e hoʻokele i Haiʻina mai i ka noho aliʻi o Kiev. Once ma ka mana, Vladimir Hoʻoponopono hooponopono ana o nā panalāʻau e noho, a huki ma luna o ka'āina subordinate ohana i kekahi hoailona o ka kūloko alii ko lakou. A ia ia i auou caiaiai ka tribal mahele o Kievan Rus ia kenekoa.

Ma na aina United Vladimir noho ia e na mea he nui lāhui pūʻulu a me nā lāhui kanaka. Ma ia mau ana, i ke kiaaina ua pilikia, e malama i ka ia kenekoa manao pono o ka moku'āina, a hiki ma ka mana o na mea kaua. Ua alakai aku ai i ka pono o ka ideological hoaponoia ana o ka pono o Vladimir ma luna o nāʻohana a pau o ka'ōnaehana. No laila, i ka luna manao, e mihi paganism ma ka ana ana ma Kiev, ma ka wahi e neo? Aaiiai? Ka Palace o ka Luna Nui makualii, i nā akua kiʻi o ka loa koʻi kaua Slavic akua.

Rus bapetizo

Hoao e mihi paganism ua hoʻokuʻikahi. Ma hope iho ua Vladimir kuahauaia na luna o nā tribal kuikahi nei,, i hooiaio i Hoʻomana Mohameka, Iudaio, Kristiano, a no laila, ma luna o. D. hoʻolohe ana i kā lākou mau manaʻo kōkua e pili ana i ka hou ana hoomana ma hope, i ke alii i hoouna aku ai i ka Byzantine Chersonese. Ma hope o ka holomua kai eʻe, i kona manao e mare i ka Byzantine kamāliʻiwahine Anna Vladimir kūkala, akā, no ka mea, ua hiki ole, e like me ia i kaena ai paganism, i bapetizoia Haku. A hoʻi hou aʻela ia Kiev, hoouna aku i ke Kiaaina i na elele a hiki i ke kulanakauhale a hiki i ka noho pololei ana o ka poʻe e noho ana a pau o ka lā, e hele mai i ka Dnieper. January 19 988 kanaka i hele mai i ka muliwai, i kahi o ka mea i bapetizoia Byzantine kahuna. I mea, o ka bapetizo ana o Rus ua forcible.

Ka hou ka manaoio i koke i lilo nationwide. Mua, Kristiano mńlualua me na noho o ka nui kulanakauhale, a ma na ekalesia a hiki i ka XII kenekulia. neia manawa, ua kūikawā wahi no ka makua ka bapetizo.

Meaning hoakaka moku'āina hoʻomana

Ke apono o ke Karistiano i he ole nui ma luna o ka hou kūpono 'ana o ka moku'āina. Mua, e alakai aku i ka mea ana i ka nui Lūkini aliʻi i hoʻoikaika akula i kona mana ma luna o ka hakinaʻohana a me nā lāhui kanaka. ʻO ka lua, hoonuiia ke kūlana o ka moku'āina ma ka International Arena. Ke apono o ke Karistiano kōkua forge kokoke loulou me ka Byzantine aupuni a pau, o ka Lepupalika Czech, Poland, ke Kelemānia aupuni a pau, Pulakalia a me ka Roma. ka mea, i ka pilina i ke koa paipai aʻo kai eʻe o ka Luna Nui mākualiʻi o Rusia ua hou hoʻohana 'ia e like me ka papa kuhikuhi hana o ka manaʻo o ka kuwaho kuka.

Ka noho alii ana Yaroslava Mudrogo

Yaroslav Mudry o Kievan Rus hui ma lalo o kona malu i ka 1036 ma hope o na makahiki o kivila hakakā ka hou aliʻi, he ia e i aponoia hou i loko o kēia mau 'āina. He ua hiki ke hoʻi Cherven kulanakauhale, hoʻokumu i loko o ke kulanakauhale o St. George Chudskoy lepo, a mahope pepehi hou i ka Pechenegs i ka 1037-m. Ma ka hanohano o ka lanakila maluna iho o ka kuikahi Jaroslav kauoha, e waiho i ka ekalesia nui - St. Sophia Hale Pule Nui.

Eia hou, oia ua i ka mua ohi o ka moku'āina kanawai - "He oiaio Yaroslav". It E e kaulana ia mai ia ia i luna o ka wa kahiko Rusia (Grand makualii Igor, Svyatoslav, Vladimir) hoʻike i ko lakou mana ma ka ikaika, a me ka i pono, a me ka kānāwai. Jaroslav hoʻoili ma ka rula o ka ekalesia (St. George ka hoailona, St. Sophia Hale Pule Nui, ka Kiev-Pechersk hoailona) a kākoʻo i ka mana o ka mō'ī i ka mana o nōʻano nawaliwali ekalesia hui. I ka 1051, ua hoonohoia oia i mua Kauhalenui o ka Rus - Hilarion. Nā luna Grand Duke noho 37 makahiki, a make iho la i ka 1054.

Yaroslavichy Board

Ma hope iho o ka make ana o Yaroslava Mudrogo ka aina loa nui i loko o nā lima o kāna mau keiki kāne mua - Izyaslav, Svyatoslav a me Vsevolod. Initially, me ka manaʻo nui makualii alii iho la oia moku'āinaʻano smoothly. Ka mea, ua kaua aku ana i ka Turkic-e olelo ohana o Torquay, akā, ma 1068 ma ka muliwai Alta, waiho wale aku i ke kaomi pio i loko o ka kaua me ka Polovtsy. Ua alakai aku ai i ka mea i kipakuʻia i Izyaslav mai Kiev, a holo aku la a hiki i ke Polish ke alii Boleslav II. I ka 1069 oia i ke kōkua o ke Ally poʻe hao wale i ke kapikala hou me.

I ka 1072 i ka Luna Nui mākualiʻi o Rusia hōʻuluʻuluʻia ma ka keʻena i loko o Vyshgorod, ma ka kaulana kivila o Lūkini kānāwai "He oiaio Yaroslav" i aponoia. Ma hope o keia helu kuhi puke i ka wā lōʻihi o ke Kivila kaua. I ka 1078 o ka noho aliʻi o Kiev i Vsevolod. Ma hope o kona make ana i ka 1093, hele mai la ia i ka mana Svyatopolk Izyaslavich, a me na keikikane elua, Vsevolod - Vladimir Monomakh a me Rostislav - hoomaka e alii ai maluna o ma Chernihiv a me Pereyaslav.

Ka noho alii ana Vladimira Monomaha

Ma hope o Svatopluk ka make i ka 1113 i kono ai i ka noho aliʻi o Kiev Vladimir Monomakh. ʻO ka pahuhopu nui o kona kūkulu 'ia, ike aku la ia i ka centralization o ka moku'āina ka mana a me ka hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻohui o Rusia. I mea e hookupaa i ka maluhia ana me nā aliʻi, ua hoʻohana dynastic mare. Kaʻoi loa no ka mea, o keia, a me ka loa-e ia wahi lulu kuwaho, oia ua hiki ia ana ka pāʻana i ka nui ?? eoi? O Rusia no 12 makahiki. Eia hou kekahi, dynastic mare hui Kievan moku'āina me Byzantium, Norway, England, Denmark, ke Kelemānia aupuni a pau, a me Kuekene Hungary.

Grand Prince Vladimir Monomakh e iai? Oaiaaou i ke kapikala o Rusia, i ka nui, ka mea i kukulu uapo ma ka Dnieper. Hana make i ka 1125, a laila, hoʻomaka ke kōā manawa lōʻihi o ka emi a me ka fragmentation o ka moku'āina.

Nui aliʻi o kahiko Rusia i loko o ke au o ka disunity

Ua aha 'ia e hiki mai ana? Ma feudal fragmentation kela 6-8 makahiki, huli hou ae la na luna o ka kahiko Rusia. Grand makualii (Kiev, Chernigov, Novgorod, Pereyaslavl, Rostov-Suzdal, Smolensk) kaua i ka noho aliʻi manaʻo nui i loko o na mea kaua. Ka loihi alii iho la oia moku'āina Svyatoslav a me Rurik, ka poe i huiiaʻi me ka loa influential kahiko Olegoviches a me Rostislavovich.

In Chernigov-Seversky na'lii o ka mana i loko o nā lima o O. Davidovich a me ka mamo aliʻi. No kēia mau aina i hooleiiaʻi mawaho hou ma mua o kekahi anoe Polovtzy alii, e hoʻokele i pihaʻi me kā lākou naʻi aupuni ma ka paa ana o dynastic mare.

Pereyaslavl na'lii , a hiki i ka wā o ka fragmentation ua loa e kaukaʻi ma Kiev. I ka lani kiekie loa flowering o kēia mau panalāʻau e pili ai me ka inoa o Vladimir Glebovich.

E hooikaika ana i ka Moscow na'lii a

Ma hope o Kiev kū'ē ka papa kuhikuhiE kūlana hele i ka Moscow na'lii. Kona poe alii i aie i ka inoa o ka poe nui mākualiʻi o Rusia.

E hooikaika ana i ka Moscow na'lii a pili i ka inoa o Daniela (ke muli keiki a Aleksandra Nevskogo). He hoʻokele e hoolilo i ke kulanakauhale o Kolomna, a me Pereyaslavl na'lii a Mozhaisk. Me ka ka piʻiʻana o ka hope he nui kalepa ala hele, a? Aiiioe? P. Moscow ua i loko o ka mokuna o Daniela.

Ka noho alii ana o Ivan Kalita

I ka 1325, hele mai la i ka mana, Prince Ivan Kalita. He i ka holo ana a hiki i Tver, a luku aku ia, pela wehe i kona ikaika hoa paio. I ka 1328, oia i loaa mai i ka Mongolian Khan ka i 'ae' ia ma ka Vladimir na'lii. I loko nō o kona noho alii ana Moscow paa lepo pipili no hoi kona superiority ma ka akau-hikina mai Rusia. Eia hou, i keia manawa ia i hana i ka pili hui ana o na Luna Aupuni, a me ka ekalesia, a pâʻani 'o ia i ke kūlana nui i loko o ke kahua o ka centralized moku'āina. Kauhalenui Peter hoʻoneʻe i kona noho mai Vladimir a hiki i Moscow, a lilo iho la he nui haipule waena.

I ana me ka Mongol ali Ivan Kalita alualu i ka manao o ka maneuvering a me ka pilikia uku o ka waiwai hookupu. Fundraising me ka heluna kanaka i paʻa me ka appreciable rigidity i alakai aku ai i ka hoʻomāhuahua i loko o nā lima o ka luna o ka nui waiwai. A no loko mai o ka hookumuia'na mai o ke Moscow na'lii a Kalita mana i waiho. Kana keiki Simona Ua koi i ka inoa o ka "Luna Nui Aliʻi o nā Rusia."

Hoʻohuiʻia aina a puni Moscow

Iloko o ka noho alii ana o Ivan Kalita Moscow e hoʻokele i loaa mai i ka moʻo o Kivila kaua, a kau i nā kumu no ka pono a me ka hoʻokele waiwai ieoiiieeia. Kēia mana i kākoʻoʻia ka hana o ka Kremlin i ka 1367 makahiki, a i ka oihana koa kūlana pale pā kaua.

Ma ka waena o ka XIV kenekulia. ma o ka paio no ka supremacy ma ka aina Lūkini me ka Haku o Suzdal-Nizhny Novgorod a me Ryazan na'lii. Akā, noho mālie ihola ke kumu nui enemi o Moscow Tver. Mau hoa o ka mana na'lii a pinepine imi kākoʻo mai ka Mongol Khan a me Lithuania.

Unification o Lūkini aina a puni Moscow ua pili i ka inoa o Dmitriya Ivanovicha Donskogo, ka mea i hoʻopuni aʻela iā Tver a lanakila iaia o kona mana.

kaua ana o Kulikovo

I loko o ka lua o ka hapalua ma ka XIV. Russian nui makualii kuhikuhi mai i ko lakou ikaika a pau, e kaua aku i ka Mongol Khan Mamai. I ke kauwela o 1380,ʻo ia a me kona poe koa i hele mai ma ka hema palena o Ryazan. Akä naÿe ia ia, Dmitry Ivanovich i 120,000th paukū, a ua hoʻowalewaleʻia maiʻo ia ma ka olelo o ka Don.
September 8, 1380 Lūkini lākou poʻe kaua e noho keia oihana i loko o ka Kulikovo kula, a ma ka ia lā, i ke kuleana kaua - kekahi o ka mea nui kaua ma medieval mōʻaukala.

Ka make wikiwiki i ka'opi o ka Mongol Gula iā Goga a me ka hoʻoikaika i ka waiwai o Moscow e like me ke kikowaena o ka unification o Lūkini aina.