Maria Bochkareva. Women ka battalion o ka make. Tsarist Rusia. moʻolelo

About keia wahine kupaianaha hele ai na kaao, ia mea paakiki ia me ka loa oiaio aku nei au i ka oiaio a me ka mea fiction. Akā, ka mea, ua ike ia he mea kua'āina, akā, ma ka pau ana o ke ola i literate, King George V ma ka malū hoolohe ana i kapaia "Russian Joan o piʻo" a me ka pelekikena Amelika Woodrow Wilson hanohano ka loaa i loko o ka White House. Kona inoa - Bochkarova Mariya Leontevna. Hoʻopaʻi i hoʻomākaukau iā ia i ka hanohano o ka lilo i ka mua wahine luna i loko o ka Lūkini kaua.

Noho 'ana kamaliʻi, wā'ōpiopio, a me ka wale ke aloha

Women ka Battalion wā e hiki mai heroine i hānau i loko o ka kua'āina ohana i loko o ke kauhale o St. Rotehama Novgorod panalaau. Ua ua i ke kolu o ke keiki o kona mau mākua. Ka mea, noho iho la, mai ka lima i ka waha, a me somehow hoʻoikaika 'ana i ko lakou plight, neʻe i Siberia, ma ke aupuni i loko o kēlā mau makahiki a hemo aku i ka polokalamu, e kokua i ka hoʻoneʻe. Akā, ua i halawai 'upu', a me ke kuai aku i ka oi aku me ka consumer, i kakahiaka nui unloved kanaka o Maria mare, a keu aku, a hiki loa ona. Mai ia ia a hele aku la i kona inoa - Bochkareva.

Loa koke ke kaikamahine puunaue aku la i mau loa ka huwa i kana kane, a kaʻina kānāwai he noa ola. Ua i laila, i kona hoohui ana me kona mau mua a me ka hope ke aloha i loko o ke ola. Eia naʻe, na kanaka Mary fatally unlucky: ina ua ka mua ka mea iʻona, i ka lua o ka ua i ka loa maoli thug ka mea i loko o ka powa kekahi, a me kekahi koa o "hunghutz" - nā meaʻeʻe moku mai Kina a me Manchuria. Akā, e like me ka mea, e olelo aku, ke aloha Ua ino ... kona inoa ua Yankel (Iakoba) Beech. A hiki aku ia i hope i hopuia, a alakaʻi ai i ka Aha ma Yakutsk, Maria Bochkareva hele ma hope ona, e like me ka wahine o ka Decembrists.

Akā,ʻAʻole eʻole ke Yankel ua incorrigible a hiki hooponopono imi kūʻai i aihue ia waiwai, a me ka hope robberies. E hoola kana ipo mai kekahi o ka halepaahao, Maria i puʻe wale e hoohui ino o ka kūloko kia'āina, akā, ua hiki i ola i ka puʻe wale akula kēlā loli - ho'āʻo e hoomake ia ia. I pau ai i ka moʻolelo o kona aloha kaumaha: Beech, aʻo e pili ana i mea hiki i ka wela o ka lili,ʻo ia hoao e pepehi i ke alii kiaaina. He Ua ho'āʻo, a hoʻouna akula ma lalo o ukali i ka secluded kākou wahi kū kaʻawale. i ike More Maria i aku la ia ia.

Ma ke alo me ka pilikino ae o ka Emperor

Ka lono o ka outbreak o ka First World War, kena ae la i ka Lūkini ke kaiāulu kanaka, launaʻole patriotic upsurge. Ka mua, hoouna aku na tausani o nāʻaʻa. Ko lakou kumu i hahai a me Maria Bochkareva. Ka moʻolelo o kona kākau inoa 'ia i loko o ka poʻe koa mea he hana. Ua kamaʻilio ma November 1914 a hiki i ka hookoe battalion luna, ka mea i loko o Tomsk, ka mea i hooleia me ka ironic ae ana, e noi ana ae, mai ka kanaka o ke Auguseto. Kue i ka manao a battalion luna,ʻo kāna hana, kākau i kekahi palapala hoopii no ka Emperor. I manao a pau i ka mea hou ka wā ma hope o kekahi manawa i hele mai ai i ka maikaʻi a me ka pane kakauinoaia e Rotehama II.

Ma hope o ka manawa pōkole aʻo pololei ma Pepeluali 1915, Maria Bochkareva mea ma ke alo me ka sīwila limahana koa - i ka oihana kūlana i loko o kēlā mau makahiki. E paa ana ia nezhenskoe hihia, e like me na kanaka me ka wiwoʻole hele i loko o'Elau kaua, huki mai o ke ahi, a me kaʻeha hoike oiaio heroism. Eia ka mea, ua inoa kapakapa Yasha, ua koho no oia ia ia iho i loko o ka hoomanao ana o kona mau mea i aloha ai - Yakove Buke. I kona ola, he mau kanaka - i kana kane a me kana ipo. Mai ka mua ka mea, ua waiho wale ana i ka inoa, ka lua - i ka inoa kapakapa.

Ka wā ma March 1916 o ka poe luna i make, o Maria, nana i kona wahi, ua hoala hou mai i ka ikaika i loko o ke kūpono ', i lilo ona no ka enemi. No ka me ka makau ole ma ia Bochkareva i i hookoia ka George kea, a mau mekala ekolu, a koke ia hua mai i loko o ka Junior ole-Komikina'Āina luna. I ma ke alo laina, ka mea i Hoomau pinepine eha, akā, noho ihola i loko o nā kaua, a me wale i ka nui eha ma ka uha alakai o Maria i ka haukapila, kahi i moe ai no eha mahina.

Hanaia'na o ka mea mua i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka Women ka Battalion

Hoi mai ai i ka oihana o Mary Bochkarev - George Knight, a ike kinai - kailiia aku la kana regiment i loko o ka moku'āina o decomposition. I loko o kona wa e kaawale aku ua ka FebruaryʻOiʻenehana, a me ka poino pau halawai e noho ana i waena o nā koa ano 'ē aʻeo fraternization me ka "kēia kanaka Kelemānia". Kaumaha loa pīhoihoi ma keia, o Maria i huli no ka manawa e ho ololi i mea e hanaia. Mahope o Ua hōʻike mai iā ia i kēia hihia.

No ka campaigning ma ke alo hiki aku lunahoomalu o ke Kahi 'Komite o ka State Duma Rodzianko. Me kona kākoʻo, Bochkareva i kakahiaka March ua ma Petrograd, kahi kāpena ma luna o kona lōʻihi-ku moe - i ka hoʻokumuʻiaʻana o nā luna hoʻolale huahelu o patriotic wāhine nāʻaʻa ka poe i makaukau e hele mai i ka pale o ka motherland. Ma keia hooikaika oe, ka mea i kākoʻoʻia e ke Kuhina o Kaua o ke Aupuni Kuikawa Alexander Kerensky a me ka Aha luna General Brusilov.

Ma muli o ia i ka leo kahea o Marii Bochkarovoy mau tausani oi ma mua o Lūkini i hoike i ko lakou makemake ma na mea kaua, e hui i ka poʻe kaua o ka mea ua loaʻa. He pono ka noonoo ana i ka mea ana i ka nui hapa o ka ia i aoia o na wahine - haumāna a me nā haumāna puka o ka Bestuzhev papa, a me ka hapakolu o ia i ke kiʻekiʻe kula hoʻonaʻauao. Ia nā hoailona ma ia manawa hiki ole kaena ana o kekahi kanaka i kekahi o ka pa alima. Mawaena o ka "hawewe troopers" - ua paa no ia i ka inoa - he 'elele o nā mea a pau e hele ana o ke ola - mai kauwa i aristocrats e lei ana i ka loudest a kaulana inoa ma Russian.

I ka luna o ko ka wahine ka battalion Maria Bochkareva kukuluia i waena o subordinates hao hahau me ka ikaika subordination. Ke ala i elima ma ke kakahiaka, a me nā mea a pau lā a ua piha ka hora umi o ke ahiahi me ka pau ole haʻawina, keʻakeʻa wale ma ka pōkole koena. He nui nā wāhine, ka hapanui mai ka waiwai mauʻohana, 'īnea nei e hele a maʻa i ka mea koa i kaʻai, a me ka paakiki oaeouee. Akā, ka mea, ua ole no ia i ka nui pilikia.

Ua ua ike ia koke i ka inoa o ka Aha luna koa , i lilo ai ka loaa hoopii e pili ana i kolohe a me ka arbitrariness ma ka aoao o Bochkareva. O kuhikuhi mai kūʻiʻo wāwahi. Eia hou kekahi, o Maria i pololei loa, eʻikea au i loko o ka wahi o kona battalion kālai'āina agitators, 'elele o na aoao a papa hana, a me keia mea he pololei kue o ka mea i kukuluia ma ka February kipi. E like me ka hopena o ka laha eha ma ka naau,ʻelua haneri a me kanalima "hawewe troopers" nee aku mai Bochkareva, a hui i kekahi hale.

Hoʻouna 'ana i ke alo

A laila hele mai ka lōʻihi-kali lā ka wā o ka June 21, 1917 ma luna o ka hale i loko o ke alo o St. Isaac ka Hale Pule Nui ma ka confluence o nā tausani o ka lehulehu i ka hou koa pa alima loaa i ka hae kaua. Ma ka mea i palapala: "Ka mua wahine hui Marii Bochkarovoy ka make." Hekikai no e olelo aku i ka nui o ke kāʻalaʻala ua hoano e haku wahine lanakila, e ku ana ma ka pūhaka'ākau i loko o ka houʻaʻahu? Ma ka Ewa o kona i haawiia mai i ke ano o ka palapala luna, a me Maria - ka mua wahine luna i loko o ka Lūkini kaua - ka mea, ua pono heroine o ka lā.

Akā, i kēia mea i ka hiʻona o nā mea a pau icai - ka mea, hoʻololi 'ana i maʻamau o ke ola. I auou caiaiai na festivities ma St. Isaac ka Hale Pule Nui hele poʻo, a he mea auwaha ola. Young hoopakele ae o ka Fatherlandʻalo me ka ike maopopo ana i ka mea, i ka hāʻuleʻana ma mua. Ka mea, e noho ana i waena o nā kūlana a me morally ino koa nā paʻi hua. Bochkareva ka mea, ke kahea aku nei i na koa, "unbridled Shantrapa" i loko o kona mau memoirs. E hoʻopale ai i na wahine, mai hiki ikaika, a hiki i ke ku kokoke na Barracks o ka manawa.

Eia naʻe, ma hope o ka mua koa, hana, a i mālama ma ka battalion Marii Bochkarovoy, "hawewe kaua", e hoike ana i koa pono o maoli koa, puʻe wale akula kēlā, e pono ia oe iho me ka mahalo. Ua hiki mai i ka lā mua o Iulai 1917 ma lalo o ka Smorganyu. Ma hope o ia he'ōlohe wiwo hoʻomaka i ka enemi wahine komo huahelu ma hostilities, me General A. I. Kornilov, i puʻe wale no ka hoʻololi 'ana i kona manaʻo.

Haukapila ma Petrograd a me ka nana ana o hou naehana

Women ka battalion kaua ma luna o like hua'ōlelo a me nā mea a pau oihana, a, e like me ka mea i hānau i ka poho. Ua i loko o kekahi o nā kaua i i wahi ma luna o July 9, he kaumaha concussion, i hoouna Maria Bochkareva no ka lapaʻau ma Petrograd. I loko o kona noho ma ka alo i loko o ke kapikala i ua hoʻomano ulu ka hoʻomaka 'kona wahine ka patriotic neʻeʻana. New battalions i hana, ua lāʻau hahau ma ka naau mai defenders o ka Fatherland.

A lohe o Bochkareva hookuu mai ka haukapila, i ka mea o ka lānai hou kohoia Aha luna L. Kornilov, ua aoia mai e nānā i kēia mau huahelu. hōʻike i nā hualoaʻa he nui loa loaa ole ia. ole None o ka battalion ua i ka hakakā-makaukau pa alima Ua lawa. Naʻe, i ke kahua o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni turmoil i noho alii iho la ia ma ke poʻo, aneane ae e loaʻa ai i loko o ka pōkole manawa he maikaʻi result, a loaʻa iā ia, e waiho mai i keia.

Soon Maria Bochkareva hoi aku la i kona pa alima. Akā, mai ia manawa konaʻaha hui ardor kekahi ho'ēmi ia. He ua pinepine ae la oia olelo i ka mea i loaa ole i ka wahine e hoʻomau i ka i manaʻo mea pono, e lawe mai ia lakou i ka alo - ". Sissy a me ka crybaby" Ua hoʻoneʻe 'ia paha e subordinate kona koi he loa kiʻekiʻe, a me ka mea ma luna o ua koa ia - koa luna, mea ma kēlāʻaoʻao o na uea' o ka maʻamau wahine. Hekikai Keʻa o St. George, ia ma laila, hoʻolaha Maria Bochkareva i ke ano o ka lutanela.

Hiʻona o ka "Women ka Battalion o ka Holo Malie"

Mai ka chronology o nā hanana i wehewehe ia ma ka hoʻokokoke i ka Episode kaulana o ka pale o ka hope noho ana o ke Aupuni Kuikawa, (Winter Palace), e elaborate ma luna o nā mea e like mea ma ia manawa i ka oihana koa pa alima, a hana Maria Bochkareva. "Women ka Battalion o Holo Malie" - no laila, ua hoʻoholo ihola i kapa ia - ma e like me ke kānāwai,ʻo ia i manaʻo i ka kūʻokoʻa koa pa alima, a ua like me ka kūlana i ka regiment.

I ka huina helu o nā wāhine koa i hoʻokahi tausani. Luna maopopo pau mai nā kānaka, a pau o ka mea i loaa ia luna, ka poe i hala i ka fronts o ka First World War. Battalion hoʻonohoʻia ma ke koa Levashovo kahi e pono no nā kūlana o ka hana i ua hana. Ka henua hapa Ua categorically hiki ole i kekahi propaganda a me ka 'aoʻao hana.

Ke battalion ia i manao i ka i kekahi kālai'āina overtones. Kona hookohu ia i, e hoomalu aku i ka'āina e ku e na enemi, aʻaʻole e komo i loko o na kālai'āina o onei. Battalion luna ua, e like me ka olelo maluna, Maria Bochkareva. Kawaihae ia mea inseparable, mai kēiaʻano o ka hakakā. Ma ka Akuma ka a pau e kali ana ambulance hoouna aku ai i ka mua, akā, i ka mea e hiki mai ai.

I ka pale o ka Winter Palace

A laila, loaa mai mākou i kauoha i kekahi o na huahelu o ka battalion e hōʻea ma luna o 'Okakopa 24 ma Petrograd, e komo' ana i loko o ka parade. I mea, ia ua like ka olelo e, e,ʻo "wahine koa" e pale aku i ka Winter Palace, mai ka hoomaka ana mai o ka kaua hana ana o ka Bolsheviks. I ia manawa, ai ka hale poe koa o lakou o ka hoopuehu aku ana huahelu o Cossacks a me cadets o kela koa kula a me ka mai ole ho i kekahi mea koa ikaika.

Women hiki, a hoonoho iho la i loko o ka ipu hakahaka o ka mua noho aliʻi, ao ka pale hema-hikina'ēheu o ka hale, mai Palace Square. Ma ka lā mua, he hiki i ka pahu i ka Red paukū a me ka laweʻana mai o ka Rotehama Bridge mea. Akā, i ka ia la ae, 25 October, ma ka hale aliʻi hale i loa hoʻopuniʻia e nā poʻe o ke Koa hoʻokahuli aupuni Komite, a ua koke hoomaka i ka pana. Mai keia wahi na defenders o ka Winter Palace, hahai, e make no ka mea wahi aupuni, hoomaka ae la e haʻalele ko lakou wahi.

Ke cadet mua Michael haʻalele kula, a ua hahai aku la laua ma ka Cossacks. ua paa i ka loihi Women a me ka hora umi wale i loko o ke ahiahi parlimentaire hoouna mai i ka hoike o ka hoihoi a me ka noi 'ana mai o ka pā kaua, e hookuu aku ia lakou. Ka mea, Ua haawiia mai i ka manawa e hele, akā, me ka piha disarmament. Ma hope o ka manawa i ka wahine pa alima i piha ikaika i hoonoho ia ma na Barracks o ka Pavlovsky regiment o ka caiiaaaieea, a laila, hoouna aku la i ka wahi o ko lākou paʻa kuhikuhi i ka hana i loko o Levashovo.

Ke kāʻili 'ana i ka mana ma ka Bolsheviks a me ka mea mahope hanana

Ma hope o ka Okatoba makaukau coup i manao e hoʻopau wahine ka battalion. Eia naʻe, e hoʻi i ko lākou wahi i noho ai uaʻoi aku ko lākou pilikia i kaʻaʻahu. E hoʻohana i ke "Komite o na Hana Maluhia o ka Lehulehu" ua hanaʻiʻo akula i loko o Petrograd wahine e hoʻokele e kiʻi sīwila aahu, a ma kēiaʻaoʻao, e kiʻi ai i ko lakou mau wahi.

Loa kekahi mea iloko o ka hanana, a i kūkākūkā, Bochkarova Mariya Leontevna ua ma ke alo, aʻaʻohe pilikino komo i loko o ia iʻae. Kēia ua pono hoʻopaʻa pepa paʻi kiʻi. Eia naʻe, paa uhukiia nā kaʻao mea āna i kauoha mai ai i ka hoʻomalu mai o ka Winter Palace. ʻO i loko o ka mea kaulana Eisenstein maikam ho film "October" i loko o kekahi o nā huapalapala ke e hoopuni loaʻa i kona ala.

Ka houʻana o kēia wahine ua holo loa paʻakikī. A hiki i ke Kanawai War hoomaka, Russian Zhanna Dark - Maria Bochkareva - Ua literally loaa i loko o ka crossfire. Ua lohe e pili ana i kona poe luna mawaena o ka poe koa a me ka hakakā mākau, ka kaua aoao elua ho'āʻo e lawe mai la o Maria i loko o kā lākou mau poʻe kaua. Initially, ma ka Smolny papa kiʻekiʻe poeikohoia o ka hou aupuni (i loko o kona mau olelo, Lenin a me Trotsky), e koi aku i kekahi wahine e lawe kauoha o kekahi o ka Red koa i huahelu.

A laila, Marushevsky kekahi mau mea nana i kauoha mai ai ia i ka poe kiai White kaua ma ka akau o ka aina, ho'āʻo e hoohuli ia no ke kōkua 'a aʻo Bochkareva ho okumu o ka hakakā' iniha, kapuaʻi. Akā, i loko o nā hihia, ua hoole: ia mea i kekahi mea - e kaua me nā kānaka'ē, a e pale aku i ka motherland, a me ka loa kekahi - e ho'āla i ka lima ma luna o compatriot. Kona hoole ana ua loa categorical, no ka a Mary aneane lilo i kona ku okoa ana - inaina loa ka kekahi mau kauoha, e hopu iā ia, akā, mea pōmaikaʻi, ua komo i ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia allies.

Mary huakaʻi i ke kai kaapuni kana

E möakäka hou ka mea, o ka naue like i ka unexpected huli - Ma hope o ka noi o General Kornilov, Bochkareva no ka mea o ka campaigning e hele ana i Amerika a me Enelani. Ma keia holo, aku la, moʻa i loko o ka palapala o ka la ia i kahu, a me ka loko e noho ai o ka palapala wahahee. Hard e manaʻo, akā, ua noʻonoʻo kua'āina wahine, māhunehune ike pehea e heluhelu, a kākau, ka loa e pono ka malama ana ia lakou iho ma ka ahaaina ma ka White House, kahi ana i kono ia Amerika ka Independence Day, Peresidena Wilson. ʻAʻole au i bother ia a me ka pepeiao, a haawi mai ia ia King George V. In Buckingham Dvorets Mariya hiki i kekahi luna o kaʻaʻahu a me nā mea a pau i ke koa hoʻolilo 'ia'. Ka mea, ua i ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia mō'ī kapaia kona Russian Joan o piʻo.

O nā nīnau noi ma na poo o State Bochkarev a pau, ua loaʻa ka mea paakiki e pane mai anei oe i kekahi wale: no ka mea, ua ulaula mai paha keʻokeʻo? Kēia ninau i ole e hoohalike ia ia. No ka Mary a me ka mea a elua, he mau hoahanau, a me ka kaua kūloko, kena ae la i ke kaumaha hohonu i loko o laila. ʻOiaiʻo ia i loko o America Bochkareva dictated i kekahi o ka Lūkini emigrants lākou mau Kawaipunahele, āna i hoʻoponopono a paʻiʻia ma lalo o ka inoa "Yasha" - o ka inoa kapakapa Bochkareva frontline. Ka puke i paʻiʻia ma ka 1919 a me ka koke lilo i bestseller.

Ka hope hana

Soon, Mary hoi i Rusia, hoʻopuni maila lākou i ka kivila kaua. Kona propaganda nuʻukia ia, a hooko aku, akā, e lawe i na mea kaua flatly hoole, i alakai aku ai i ka mokuāhana i loko o ana a me ka noho luna ana o ka luna'ānela alo. Mua hoihoi veneration UAIAaIN e anu hoohewaia. Nā hana i alakai aku i ka hohonu kaumaha, ka auoiaea o a Maria i ho'āʻo ana e imi i ka waiʻona. Ua hoʻokuʻu me ka nui loa, a me ke kauoha, e hoouna aku ia ia, mai ke alo a hiki i ka hope o ke kulanakauhale o Tomsk.

Here Bochkareva Ua destined no ka manawa hope, e malama aku i ka Fatherland - ma hope o olelo malimali High Adimarala A. V. Kolchaka ka mea,ʻae, e hana i ka hana manawaleʻa ambulance paukū. Olelo ana ma mua o ka lohe ana nui i loko o ka pōkole manawa, Maria i kauoha aku ia,ʻo elua haneri oi ma mua o nāʻaʻa ma kona kahua. Akā, i ka kokololio hoouka kaua o ka ula hooki aku, e lawe mai i kēia mea, a hiki i ka hopena.

Life lilo i kaao

A lohe o Tomsk i pio ma ka Bolsheviks, Bochkareva makemakeʻikeʻia i loko o ka commandant ka oihana a ua haawiia'ku ma ko lakou mau mea kaua. Mai kona kaumaha o ke alu like 'ana, hou Aupuni hoole. Ma hope o kekahi manawa, ua hopuʻia, a hoouna aku la ia Krasnoyarsk. E noiʻi ana i ka Special Pauku i hookahuli ai i ka hōʻike iā ia i kekahi hewa ua pilikia - i ole lawe Maria 'ana i loko o ke kaua e kū'ē i ka Reds. Akā, i loko o kona pilikia, ua hiki aku i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Moscow, ka hope luna o ka kūikawā oihana o ka Cheka IP Pavlunovsky - kūmūmū, a merciless Ilamuku. Me delving i loko o ka pā o ka mea, haawi mai la ia i ka mea - i ka pana, i i hana koke. Marii Bochkarovoy make ana May 16, 1919.

Akā, i ke ola o keia wahine kupaianaha ua ai hana i haawi ala i na mea he nui kaʻao o kona mau make. Ua uaʻAʻole iʻikeʻia ma ka hale kupapaʻu o Marii Leontevny Bochkarovoy, a me keia haawi ala i ka lono i ua 'aneʻane paʻa pakele hooko, a i noho ma lalo o ka ea inoa a hiki i ka hopena o na forties. Aia i kekahi hana moʻolelo ua loaʻa ma kona make ana.

Ua Ua nānā 'ana i ka nīnau: "He aha Mary Bochkarev pana?", No ka mea pololei e hāʻiliʻili aku ia hiki ole paka. Ma muli o, kekahi moolelo mai nei i ka ikaika ma kona naʻau Yasha peʻe ma Tomsk American ke gula, a me ka hoole i ka hōʻike i kona i kahi Bolsheviks. Aia mea no ka helu o ka hiki ole moʻolelo. Akā,ʻo ka papa kuhikuhiE kaao mea, o ka papa, Mary iho Bochkareva, Kawaihae a hiki ke malama i ka hoohalua no ka loa pīhoihoi puke.